Un tercer espacio crítico-reflexivo: sobre la identidad académica activista
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oct 16, 2018
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Ivette Hernández-Santibañez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-9102
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-9102
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Resumen
Este artículo explora la construcción de una identidad académica activista como un tercer espacio crítico-reflexivo. Un tercer espacio resulta clave para reimaginar una identidad académica activista más allá de una relación asimétrica con lo subalterno. Políticas de afinidad y solidaridades situadas reorientan esta relación, que desdibuja la división entre el conocimiento teórico y el conocimiento empírico con y sobre los movimientos sociales. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la producción de una identidad académica activista como tercer espacio, a partir del estudio sobre el movimiento estudiantil chileno, y considera las potencialidades, límites y desafíos de esta identidad como práctica de transformación colectiva.
Keywords
Identity, social movement, social sciences, third space, activismIdentidad, movimiento social, ciencias sociales, tercer espacio, activismo
References
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Bey, H. (1994). Immediatism. Essays by Hakim Bey. Edinburgh: AK Press.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bobel, C. (2007). I’m Not an Activist, though I’ve done a Lot of It: Doing Activism, Being Activist and the ‘Perfect Standard’ in a Contemporary Movement. Social Movement Studies, 6 (2), 147-159.
Carnoy, M. (2003). Las políticas educacionales de Chile desde una perspectiva internacional. En C. Cox (ed.). Políticas educacionales en el cambio de siglo. La reforma del sistema escolar de Chile, 115-123. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage.
Corbridge, S. (1993). Marxisms, Modernities and Moralities: Development Praxis and the Claims of Distant Strangers. Environmental and Planning D: Society and Space, 11 (4), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1068/d110449
Crouch, C. & Pizzorno, A. (1978). The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe since 1968. London: Macmillan.
Cumbers, A. & Routledge, P. (2004). Alternative Geographical Imaginations: Introduction. Antipode, 36 (5), 818-828. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00456.x
Derickson, K. & Routledge, P. (2015). Resourcing Scholar-Activism: Collaboration, Transformation, and the Production of Knowledge. The Professional Geographer, 67 (1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2014.883958
Diversi, M. & Finley, S. (2010). Poverty Pimps in the Academy: A Dialogue about Subjectivity, Reflexivity, and Power in Decolonising Production of Knowledge. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 10 (1), 14-17.
Flesher-Fominaya, C. (2010). Collective Identity in Social Movements: Central Concepts and Debates. Sociology Compass, 4 (6), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00287.x
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977. New York: Pantheon Books.
Frenzel, F. & Sullivan, S. (2009). Globalisation from Below? ICTs and Democratic Development in the Project “Indymedia Africa”. En O. F. Mudhai, W. J. Tettey & F. Banda (eds.). African Media and the Digital Public Sphere, 165-182. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ghorashi, H. & Wels, H. (2009). Beyond Complicity: A Plea for Engaged Ethnography. En S. Ybema, D. Yanow, H. Wels & F. Kamsteeg (eds.). Organisational Ethnography. Studying the Complexities of Everyday Life, 231-251. London: Sage.
Hamm, M. (2015). Reflexive Activist Scholarship between the Fields of Activism and Academia: Ethnographic Reflections on the Cultural Politics of Knowledge Production in Social Movement Research. En 20th International Conference on Alternative Futures and Popular Protests. Manchester, Reino Unido: Manchester Metropolitan University.
Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
Haug, C. & Teune, S. (2008). Identifying Deliberation in Social Movement Assemblies: Challenges of Comparative Participant Observation. Journal of Public Deliberation, 4 (1), 1-35. Disponible en: http://www.publicdeliberation.net/jpd/vol4/iss1/art8
Haunss, S. (2004). Identität in Bewegung. Prozesse kollektiver Identität bei den Autonomen und in der Schwulenbewegung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Disponible en: https://shaunss.ipgovernance.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/haunss-2004-identitaet-inbewegung.pdf
Hernández, I. (2013a). Interview with Francisco Figueroa: Continuing the Conversation on the Chilean Student Movement. Journal of Social Science Education, 12 (3), 60-67. DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/jsse-v12-i3-1235. Disponible en: http://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/1235/1216
Hernández, I. (2013b). Which Education for Which Democracy: The Case of the Penguins’ Revolution in Chile. En S. C. Motta & M. Cole (eds.). Education and Social Change in Latin America, 185-202. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hernández, I. (2017). Space and Politics in the Penguins’ Movement: Geographies of the Political Construction of the Chilean Student Movement (tesis doctoral). Institute of Education, University College London, Reino Unido. Disponible en: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1549607/
Hooks, B. (1990). Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End Press.
Juris, J. & Khasnabish, A. (2013). Introduction: Ethnography and Activism within Networked Spaces and Transnational Encounters. En J. Juris & A. Khasnabish (eds.). Insurgent Encounters: Transnational Activism, Ethnography, and the Political, 1-36. London: Duke University.
Massey, D. (1992). Politics and Space/Time. New Left Review, 196, 65-84.
Massey, D. (1993). Power-Geometry and a Progressive Sense of Place”. En J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson & L. Tickner (eds.). Mapping the Futures. Local Cultures, Global Change, 60-70. London: Routledge.
Massey, D. (1999). Spaces of Politics. En D. Massey, J. Allen & P. Sarre (eds.). Human Geography Today, 279-294. Cambridge: Polity Press.
McDonald, K. (2002). From Solidarity to Fluidarity: Social Movements beyond ‘Collective Identity’. The Case of Globalisation Conflicts. Social Movement Studies, 1 (2), 109-128.
Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society. London: Hutchinson Radius.
Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging Codes, Collective Action in the Information Age. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Disponible en: http://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Challenging-Codes-Collective-Collective-action-in-the-information-age-by-Alberto-Melucci.pdf
Motta, S. C. (2011). Notes Towards Prefigurative Epistemologies. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 178-199. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Motta, S. C. (2013). The Storytellers of Critique: Becoming Otherwise in Practice and Theory, paper presented as the Counter-Conducts Workshop, University of Sussex, Reino Unido.
Motta, S. C. & Nilsen, A. G. (2011). Social Movements and/in the Postcolonial: Dispossession, Development and Resistance in the Global South. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 1-31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nagar, R. & Geiger, S. (2007). Reflexivity and Positionality in Feminist Fieldwork Revisited. En A. Tickell, E. Sheppard, J. Peck & T. Barnes (eds.). Politics and Practice in Economic Geography, 267-278. London: Sage.
Otto, B. & Terhorst, P. (2011). Beyond Differences? Exploring Methodological Dilemmas of Activist Research in the Global South. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 200-223. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pizzorno, A. (1978). Political Exchange and Collective Identity in Industrial Conflict. En C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (eds.). The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe since 1968, 277-298. London: Macmillan.
Redondo, J. (2011). Mal Educados! El problema de la educación en Chile. Disponible en: http://vimeo.com/27377040
Routledge, P. (1996). The Third Space as Critical Engagement. Antipode, 28 (4), 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00533.x. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00533.x
Routledge, P. & Derickson, K. (2015). Situated Solidarities and the Practice of Scholar Activism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 33 (3), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775815594308
Santos, B. de Sousa (2012a, mayo 7). Entrevista al profesor Boaventura do Santos. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB6RbYWfzk0
Santos, B. de Sousa (2012b, mayo 7). ¿Por qué las epistemologías del Sur? Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a7peos6LP8
Santos, B. de Sousa (2013, octubre 11). Descolonización epistemológica del Sur. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hb1yUnf8TQU
Soja, E. (1999). Thirdspace: Expanding the Scope of the Geographical Imagination. En D. Massey, J. Allen & P. Sarre (eds.). Human Geography Today, 261-278. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Starodub, A. (2015). Post-representational Epistemology in Practice: Processes of Relational Knowledge Creation in Autonomous Social Movements. Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements, 7 (2), 161-191. Disponible en: http://www.interfacejournal.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Issue-7-2-Starodub.pdf
Sultana, F. (2007). Reflexivity, Positionality and Participatory Ethics: Negotiating Fieldwork Dilemmas in International Research. AMCE: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 6 (3), 374-385. Disponible en: https://www.acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/786
Terhorst, P. (2009). The Role of Social Movements in Developing Public Alternatives in Urban Water Services (tesis doctoral). Loughborough University, Leicestershire, Reino Unido. Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/2745094.pdf https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9220
Thornberg, R. (2012). Informed Grounded Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56 (3), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.581686
Vaneigem, R. (1983). The Revolution of Everyday Life. London: Rebel Press.
Veissiere, S. (2010). Making a Living: The Gringo Ethnographer as Pimp of the Suffering in the Late Capitalist Night. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 10 (1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708609351152
Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zibechi, R. (2010). Dispersing Power: Social Movements as Anti-State Forces. Edinburgh: AK Press.
Žižek, S. (1997). Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism. New Left Review, 225, 28-51.
Bey, H. (1994). Immediatism. Essays by Hakim Bey. Edinburgh: AK Press.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bobel, C. (2007). I’m Not an Activist, though I’ve done a Lot of It: Doing Activism, Being Activist and the ‘Perfect Standard’ in a Contemporary Movement. Social Movement Studies, 6 (2), 147-159.
Carnoy, M. (2003). Las políticas educacionales de Chile desde una perspectiva internacional. En C. Cox (ed.). Políticas educacionales en el cambio de siglo. La reforma del sistema escolar de Chile, 115-123. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage.
Corbridge, S. (1993). Marxisms, Modernities and Moralities: Development Praxis and the Claims of Distant Strangers. Environmental and Planning D: Society and Space, 11 (4), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1068/d110449
Crouch, C. & Pizzorno, A. (1978). The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe since 1968. London: Macmillan.
Cumbers, A. & Routledge, P. (2004). Alternative Geographical Imaginations: Introduction. Antipode, 36 (5), 818-828. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00456.x
Derickson, K. & Routledge, P. (2015). Resourcing Scholar-Activism: Collaboration, Transformation, and the Production of Knowledge. The Professional Geographer, 67 (1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2014.883958
Diversi, M. & Finley, S. (2010). Poverty Pimps in the Academy: A Dialogue about Subjectivity, Reflexivity, and Power in Decolonising Production of Knowledge. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 10 (1), 14-17.
Flesher-Fominaya, C. (2010). Collective Identity in Social Movements: Central Concepts and Debates. Sociology Compass, 4 (6), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00287.x
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977. New York: Pantheon Books.
Frenzel, F. & Sullivan, S. (2009). Globalisation from Below? ICTs and Democratic Development in the Project “Indymedia Africa”. En O. F. Mudhai, W. J. Tettey & F. Banda (eds.). African Media and the Digital Public Sphere, 165-182. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ghorashi, H. & Wels, H. (2009). Beyond Complicity: A Plea for Engaged Ethnography. En S. Ybema, D. Yanow, H. Wels & F. Kamsteeg (eds.). Organisational Ethnography. Studying the Complexities of Everyday Life, 231-251. London: Sage.
Hamm, M. (2015). Reflexive Activist Scholarship between the Fields of Activism and Academia: Ethnographic Reflections on the Cultural Politics of Knowledge Production in Social Movement Research. En 20th International Conference on Alternative Futures and Popular Protests. Manchester, Reino Unido: Manchester Metropolitan University.
Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
Haug, C. & Teune, S. (2008). Identifying Deliberation in Social Movement Assemblies: Challenges of Comparative Participant Observation. Journal of Public Deliberation, 4 (1), 1-35. Disponible en: http://www.publicdeliberation.net/jpd/vol4/iss1/art8
Haunss, S. (2004). Identität in Bewegung. Prozesse kollektiver Identität bei den Autonomen und in der Schwulenbewegung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Disponible en: https://shaunss.ipgovernance.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/haunss-2004-identitaet-inbewegung.pdf
Hernández, I. (2013a). Interview with Francisco Figueroa: Continuing the Conversation on the Chilean Student Movement. Journal of Social Science Education, 12 (3), 60-67. DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/jsse-v12-i3-1235. Disponible en: http://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/1235/1216
Hernández, I. (2013b). Which Education for Which Democracy: The Case of the Penguins’ Revolution in Chile. En S. C. Motta & M. Cole (eds.). Education and Social Change in Latin America, 185-202. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hernández, I. (2017). Space and Politics in the Penguins’ Movement: Geographies of the Political Construction of the Chilean Student Movement (tesis doctoral). Institute of Education, University College London, Reino Unido. Disponible en: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1549607/
Hooks, B. (1990). Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End Press.
Juris, J. & Khasnabish, A. (2013). Introduction: Ethnography and Activism within Networked Spaces and Transnational Encounters. En J. Juris & A. Khasnabish (eds.). Insurgent Encounters: Transnational Activism, Ethnography, and the Political, 1-36. London: Duke University.
Massey, D. (1992). Politics and Space/Time. New Left Review, 196, 65-84.
Massey, D. (1993). Power-Geometry and a Progressive Sense of Place”. En J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson & L. Tickner (eds.). Mapping the Futures. Local Cultures, Global Change, 60-70. London: Routledge.
Massey, D. (1999). Spaces of Politics. En D. Massey, J. Allen & P. Sarre (eds.). Human Geography Today, 279-294. Cambridge: Polity Press.
McDonald, K. (2002). From Solidarity to Fluidarity: Social Movements beyond ‘Collective Identity’. The Case of Globalisation Conflicts. Social Movement Studies, 1 (2), 109-128.
Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society. London: Hutchinson Radius.
Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging Codes, Collective Action in the Information Age. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Disponible en: http://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Challenging-Codes-Collective-Collective-action-in-the-information-age-by-Alberto-Melucci.pdf
Motta, S. C. (2011). Notes Towards Prefigurative Epistemologies. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 178-199. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Motta, S. C. (2013). The Storytellers of Critique: Becoming Otherwise in Practice and Theory, paper presented as the Counter-Conducts Workshop, University of Sussex, Reino Unido.
Motta, S. C. & Nilsen, A. G. (2011). Social Movements and/in the Postcolonial: Dispossession, Development and Resistance in the Global South. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 1-31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nagar, R. & Geiger, S. (2007). Reflexivity and Positionality in Feminist Fieldwork Revisited. En A. Tickell, E. Sheppard, J. Peck & T. Barnes (eds.). Politics and Practice in Economic Geography, 267-278. London: Sage.
Otto, B. & Terhorst, P. (2011). Beyond Differences? Exploring Methodological Dilemmas of Activist Research in the Global South. En S. C. Motta & A. G. Nilsen (eds.). Social Movements in the Global South: Dispossession, Development and Resistance, 200-223. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pizzorno, A. (1978). Political Exchange and Collective Identity in Industrial Conflict. En C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (eds.). The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe since 1968, 277-298. London: Macmillan.
Redondo, J. (2011). Mal Educados! El problema de la educación en Chile. Disponible en: http://vimeo.com/27377040
Routledge, P. (1996). The Third Space as Critical Engagement. Antipode, 28 (4), 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00533.x. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00533.x
Routledge, P. & Derickson, K. (2015). Situated Solidarities and the Practice of Scholar Activism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 33 (3), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775815594308
Santos, B. de Sousa (2012a, mayo 7). Entrevista al profesor Boaventura do Santos. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB6RbYWfzk0
Santos, B. de Sousa (2012b, mayo 7). ¿Por qué las epistemologías del Sur? Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a7peos6LP8
Santos, B. de Sousa (2013, octubre 11). Descolonización epistemológica del Sur. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hb1yUnf8TQU
Soja, E. (1999). Thirdspace: Expanding the Scope of the Geographical Imagination. En D. Massey, J. Allen & P. Sarre (eds.). Human Geography Today, 261-278. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Starodub, A. (2015). Post-representational Epistemology in Practice: Processes of Relational Knowledge Creation in Autonomous Social Movements. Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements, 7 (2), 161-191. Disponible en: http://www.interfacejournal.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Issue-7-2-Starodub.pdf
Sultana, F. (2007). Reflexivity, Positionality and Participatory Ethics: Negotiating Fieldwork Dilemmas in International Research. AMCE: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 6 (3), 374-385. Disponible en: https://www.acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/786
Terhorst, P. (2009). The Role of Social Movements in Developing Public Alternatives in Urban Water Services (tesis doctoral). Loughborough University, Leicestershire, Reino Unido. Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/2745094.pdf https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9220
Thornberg, R. (2012). Informed Grounded Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56 (3), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.581686
Vaneigem, R. (1983). The Revolution of Everyday Life. London: Rebel Press.
Veissiere, S. (2010). Making a Living: The Gringo Ethnographer as Pimp of the Suffering in the Late Capitalist Night. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 10 (1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708609351152
Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zibechi, R. (2010). Dispersing Power: Social Movements as Anti-State Forces. Edinburgh: AK Press.
Žižek, S. (1997). Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism. New Left Review, 225, 28-51.
Cómo citar
Hernández-Santibañez, I. (2018). Un tercer espacio crítico-reflexivo: sobre la identidad académica activista. Magis, Revista Internacional De Investigación En Educación, 11(22), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m11-22.tecr
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