Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by transesterification
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Apr 4, 2015
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Abstract
Evaluating different vegetable oils in order to obtain biofuels, reducing production costs, increasing reaction yield, avoiding raw materials considered as foods and reducing environmental pollution have become a global strategy and trend for the production of biodiesel. In this study, the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was analyzed using alkali catalyzer. Three molar ratios of methanol: oil were evaluated: 6:1, 9:1 and 12:1, and two catalyzers KOH and NaOH at percentage of 1% and 2% respectively were studied. A factorial design of experiments was performed in duplicate. The temperature was fixed at 60°C and reaction time of 2 hours. Determination of methyl esters, mono, di and triglycerides by performed via gas chromatography. The best conditions for both NaOH and KOH as catalysts were obtained when the percentage of the catalyst was 1%, and the alcohol: oil molar ratio was 12:1. Under these conditions a conversión of 64,1%, a yield of 98% and a methyl ester of 99,1% were reached for NaOH catalyzer. For KOH, the conversion was 63,2%, the yield 88% and the percentage of methyl esters about 98,4%. The results of this study reveal high yield of the reaction for WCO as raw material. Consequently its implementation at industrial scale will be depended of the economic evaluation.
Keywords
Biodiesel, transesterification, wasted oil, alkaline catalystBiodiesel, transesterificación, esterificación, aceite usado
References
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[37] S. Keera, S. El Sabagh y A. Taman, “Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel fuel using alkaline catalyst”, Fuel, vol. 90, pp. 42-47, 2011.
[38] D. Leung y Y. Guo, “Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, pp. 883-890, 2006.
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[2] C. Anastasi, R. Hudson y V. J. Simpson, “Effects of future fossil fuel use on CO2 levels in the atmosphere”, Energy Policy, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 936-944, dic. 1990.
[3] S. K. Hoekman y C. Robbins C., “Review of the effects of biodiesel on NOx emissions”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 96, pp. 237-249, 2012.
[4] Castro, J. Coello, y L. Castillo, Opciones para la producción y uso del biodiesel en el Perú. Lima, Perú: Soluciones Prácticas (ITDG), 2007.
[5] X. Meng, G. Chen y Y. Wang, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via alkali catalyst and its engine test”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 89, pp. 851-857, 2008.
[6] J. M. Dias, M. C. Alvim-Ferraz, y M. F. Almeida, “Comparison of the performance of different homogeneous alkali catalysts during transesterification of waste and virgin oils and evaluation of biodiesel quality”, Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3572-3578, 2008.
[7] Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia. (Octubre de 2014). Cifras informativas del sector Biocombustibles [En línea]. Disponible en: http://www.fedebiocombustibles.com/v3/nota-web-id-488.htm
[8] Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. (Septiembre de 2011). Colombia rural razones para la esperanza [En línea]. Disponible en: http://pnudcolombia.org/indh2011/
[9] Z. Al-Hamamre y J. Yamin, “Parametric study of the alkali catalyzed transesterification of waste frying oil for biodiesel production”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 79, pp. 246-254, 2014.
[10] Y. C. Lin, K. H. Hsu y C. B. Chen, “Experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel/ultra-low sulfur diesel blends”, Energy, vol. 36, pp. 241-248, 2011.
[11] J. B. Williams, C. Clarkson, C. Mant, A. Drinkwater y E. May, “Fat, oil and grease deposits in sewers: Characterisation of deposits and formation mechanisms”, Water Research, vol. 46, pp. 6319-6328, 2012.
[12] Z. Yaakob, M. Mohammad, M. Alherbawi, Z. Alam y K. Sopian, “Overview of the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil”, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 18, pp. 184-193, 2013.
[13] A. Demirbas, “Comparison of transesterification methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 125-130, 2008.
[14] D.Y.C. Leung, X. Wu y M. K. Leung, “A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification”, Applied Energy, vol. 87, pp. 1083-1095, 2010.
[15] J. M. Encinar, J. F. González y A. Rodríguez-Reinares, “Biodiesel from used frying oil. Variables affecting the yields and characteristics of the biodiesel, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 44, pp. 5491-5499, 2005.
[16] K. S. Chen, Y. C. Lin, K. H. Hsu y H. K. Wang, “Improving biodiesel yields from waste cooking oil by using sodium methoxide and a microwave heating system”, Energy, vol. 38, num. 1, pp. 151-156, 2012.
[17] M. K. Lam, K. T. Lee y A. R. Mohamed, “Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review”, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 28, pp. 500-518, 2010.
[18] N. U. Soriano, R. Venditti y D. S. Argyropoulos, “Biodiesel synthesis via homogeneous Lewis acid-catalyzed transesterification”, Fuel, vol. 88, pp. 560-565, 2009.
[19] P. Patil, S. Deng, J. I. Rhodes y P. J. Lammers, “Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using ferric sulfate and supercritical methanol processes”, Fuel, vol. 89, num. 2, pp. 360-364, 2010.
[20] A. B. Chhetri, K. C. Watts y M. R. Islam, “Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel”, Energies, vol 1, pp. 3-18, 2008.
[21] A. Reefat, N. Attia, H. Sibak, S. El Sheltawy y G. Eldiwani, “Production optimization and quality assessment of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil”, Int J Environ Sci Technol, vol. 5, num. 1, pp. 75-82, 2008.
[22] A. Talebian-Kiakalaieha, N. Saidina Amin y H. Mazaheri, “A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil”, Applied Energy, vol. 104, pp. 683-710, 2013.
[23] J. Van Kasteren y A. Nisworo, “A process model to estimate the cost of industrial scale biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by supercritical transesterification”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 50, pp. 442-458, 2007.
[24] M. Lapuerta, J. Herreros, L. Lyons, García-Contreras y Y. Briceño, “Effect of the alcohol type used in the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel on diesel performance and emissions”, Fuel, vol. 87, num. 15-16, pp. 3161-3169, 2008.
[25] E. Alptekin y M. Canakci, “Characterization of the key fuel properties of methyl ester–diesel fuel blends”, Fuel, vol. 88, num. 1, pp. 75-80, 2009.
[26] K. Jacobson, R. Gopinath, L. Meher y A. Dalai, “Solid acid catalyzed biodiesel production from waste cooking oil”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 85, num. 1-2, pp. 86-91, 2008.
[27] A. Phan y T. Phan, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils”, Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3490-3496, 2008.
[28] F. Ma y M. Hanna, “Biodiesel production: a review”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 70, pp. 1-15, 1999.
[29] R. Perry y D. Green, Manual del ingeniero químico. Madrid, España: Mc Graw Hill/Interamericana de España, 2001.
[30] Z. J. Predojević, “The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: A comparison of different purification steps”, Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3522-3528, 2008.
[31] I. Atadashi, M. Aroua y A. Aziz, “Biodiesel separation and purification: A review”, Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 437-443, 2011.
[32] C. Enweremadu y M. Mbarawa, “Technical aspects of production and analysis of biodiesel from used cooking oil. A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 2205-2224, 2009.
[33] P. Narváez, J. Torres, F. Sánchez y L. Ponce de León, “Determinación por cromatografía de gases de alguil ésteres (metílico y etílico) de ácidos grasos, en presencia de mono-, di-, y triglicéridos”, Ingeniería e Investigación, vol. 57, pp. 58-62, 2005.
[34] Z. Helwani, M. Othman, N. Aziz, W. Fernando y J. Kim, “Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, num. 12, pp. 1502-1514, 2009.
[35] A. Mohammadshirazi, A. Akram, S. Rafiee y E. Bagheri, “Energy and cost analyses of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil”, Renewable and sustainable energy review, vol. 33, pp. 44-49, 2014.
[36] B. Uzun, M. Kilic, N. Ozbay, A. Putun y E. Putu, “Biodiesel production from waste frying oils: Optimization of reaction parameters and determination of fuel properties”, Energy, vol. 44. pp. 347-351, 2012.
[37] S. Keera, S. El Sabagh y A. Taman, “Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel fuel using alkaline catalyst”, Fuel, vol. 90, pp. 42-47, 2011.
[38] D. Leung y Y. Guo, “Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, pp. 883-890, 2006.
[39] I. Atadashi, M. Aroua, A. Aziz y N. Sulaiman, “The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: a review”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 19, pp. 14-26, 2013.
How to Cite
López, L., Bocanegra, J. P., & Malagón-Romero, D. (2015). Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by transesterification. Ingenieria Y Universidad, 19(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.iyu19-1.odba
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