Publicado nov 7, 2018



PLUMX
Almetrics
 
Dimensions
 

Google Scholar
 
Search GoogleScholar


Cristina Jenaro Río http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-1658

Noelia Flores Robaina http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-7235

Jesús López Lucas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9114-2922

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Resumen

Este estudio analiza las percepciones sociales hacia grupos con diferentes tipos de discapacidad, así como la relación entre los juicios hacia dichos grupos, uno mismo y otros significativos. La evaluación fue realizada mediante un Diferencial Semántico aplicado a 181 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados apoyaron el Modelo de Contenido de los Estereotipos, pues los grupos con discapacidad fueron percibidos de una manera más uniforme que quienes no comparten esta etiqueta y las personas con discapacidad intelectual suscitaron sentimientos paternalistas. Los resultados avalaron además la adecuación de un modelo bifactorial para explorar el contenido de los estereotipos. Comprender los factores que contribuyen a la formación de los juicios sociales es clave para la puesta en marcha de acciones que modifiquen estereotipos y prejuicios y promuevan la equidad.

Keywords

stereotypes, disabilities, assessment, semantic differential, attitudesestereotipos, discapacidades, evaluación, diferencial semántico, actitudes

References
Abele, A. E., Cuddy, A. J. C., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2008). Fundamental dimensions of social judgment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(7), 1063–1065. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.574

Ahlborn, L. J., Panek, P. E., & Jungers, M. K. (2008). College students' perceptions of persons with intellectual disability at three different ages. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2006.11.001

Álvarez Pascual, P., & Jenaro, C. (2018). Evaluación de la Identidad del Recluso mediante la Técnica de la Rejilla. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica. RIDEP, 47(2), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP47.2.01

Araten‐Bergman, T., & Werner, S. (2017). Social workers' attributions towards individuals with dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and mental illness. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 61(2), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12300

Arias, V., Arias, B., Verdugo, M. Á., Rubia, M., & Jenaro, C. (2016). Evaluación de actitudes de los profesionales hacia las personas con discapacidad. Siglo Cero, 47(2), 7-41. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero2016472741

Bąk, O. (2001). The proposal of a modification of the semantic differential in research on the stereotype of the mentally ill. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 3(2), 75-88.

Binggeli, S., Krings, F., & Sczesny, S. (2014). Stereotype content associated with immigrant groups in Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 73(3), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000133

Carlsson, R., & Björklund, F. (2010). Implicit stereotype content: Mixed stereotypes can be measured with the implicit association test. Social Psychology, 41(4), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000029

Chin, W. W., Johnson, N. and Schwarts, A. (2008), A fast form approach to measuring technology acceptance and other constructs. MIS Quarterly, 32(4), 687-704. Retrieved from https://misq.org/a-fast-form-approach-to-measuring-technology-acceptance-and-other-constructs.html

Clevenger, T., Jr., Lazier, G. A., & Clark, M. L. (1968). The influence of certain factors on response to the semantic differential. Public Opinion Quarterly, 32(4), 675-679.

Collange, J., Fiske, S. T., & Sanitioso, R. (2009). Maintaining a positive self-image by stereotyping others: Self-threat and the Stereotype Content Model. Social Cognition, 27(1), 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2009.27.1.138

Cottrell, C. A., & Neuberg, S. L. (2005). Different emotional reactions to different groups: A sociofunctional threat-based approach to “prejudice.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(5), 770-789. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.770

Crandall, C. S., Bahns, A. J., Warner, R., & Schaller, M. (2011). Stereotypes as justifications of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(11), 1488-1498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211411723

Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2008). Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: The stereotype content model and the BIAS map. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology(Vol. 40, pp. 61-149). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.

Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Kwan, V. S. Y., Glick, P., Demoulin, S., Leyens, J. P., … Ziegler, R. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X314935

de Paula Couto, M. C. P., & Koller, S. H. (2012). Warmth and competence: Stereotypes of the elderly among young adults and older persons in Brazil. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 1(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027118.

Dijker, A., van Alphen, L., Bos, A., van den Borne, B. & Curfs, L. (2011) Social integration of people with intellectual disability: Insights from a social psychological research programme. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55, 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01446.x

Durante, F., Capozza, D., & Fiske, S. T. (2010). The stereotype content model: The role played by competence in inferring group status. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 17(4), 187-199. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-00522-001

Durante, F., Tablante, C. B., & Fiske, S. T. (2017). Poor but warm, rich but cold (and competent): Social classes in the stereotype content model. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12208

Durante, F., Volpato, C., & Fiske, S. (2010). Using the stereotype content model to examine group depictions in fascism: An archival approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(3), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.637

Fellinghauer, B. A. G., Roth, A., Bugari, K., & Reinhardt, J. D. (2011). Construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the Photo Elicitation Semantic Differential Scale (PESD) in disability studies. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(3), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-010-9224-y

Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005

Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878-902. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878

Follmer, K. B., & Jones, K. S. (2017). Stereotype content and social distancing from employees with mental illness: The moderating roles of gender and social dominance orientation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(9), 492-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12455

Foster, G., & Ysseldyke, J. (1976). Expectancy and halo effects as a result of artificially induced teacher bias. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-476X(76)90005-9

Freelon, D. (2010). ReCal: Intercoder reliability calculation as a web service. International Journal of Internet Science, 5(1), 20-33. Retrieved from http://www.ijis.net/ijis5_1/ijis5_1_freelon.pdf

Freelon, D. (2013). ReCal OIR: Ordinal, interval, and ratio intercoder reliability as a web service. International Journal of Internet Science, 8, 10-16. Retrieved from http://www.ijis.net/ijis8_1/ijis8_1_freelon.pdf

Fresson, M., Dardenne, B., Geurten, M., & Meulemans, T. (2017). Stereotype content of people with acquired brain injury: Warm but incompetent. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(10), 539-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12459

Goreczny, A. J., Bender, E. E., Caruso, G., & Feinstein, C. S. (2011). Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities: Results of a recent survey and implications of those results. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(5), 1596-1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.005

Grice, J. W. (2002). Idiogrid: Software for the management and analysis of repertory grids. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34, 338-341. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195461

Jahoda, A. & Markova, I. (2004) Coping with social stigma: People with intellectual disabilities moving from institutions and family home. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 719-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00561.x

Kervyn, N., Fiske, S. T., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2013). Integrating the stereotype content model (warmth and competence) and the Osgood semantic differential (evaluation, potency, and activity). European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(7), 673-681. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1978

Kotzur, P. F., Forsbach, N., & Wagner, U. (2017). Choose your words wisely: Stereotypes, emotions, and action tendencies toward fled people as a function of the group label. Social Psychology, 48(4), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000312

Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.

Lifshitz, H. (2002). Attitudes toward aging in adult and elderly people with intellectual disability. Educational Gerontology, 28(9), 745-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270290099912

Lindqvist, A., Björklund, F., & Bäckström, M. (2017). The perception of the poor: Capturing stereotype content with different measures. Nordic Psychology, 69(4), 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2016.1270774

Mariani, B., & Allen, L. R. (2014). Development and psychometric testing of the Mariani Nursing Career Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 22(1), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.22.1.135

Miyahara, M., & Register, C. (2000). Perceptions of three terms to describe physical awkwardness in children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21(5), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(00)00049-4

Nelissen, P. T. J. H., Hülsheger, U. R., van Ruitenbeek, G. M. C., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2016). How and when stereotypes relate to inclusive behavior toward people with disabilities. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(14), 1610-1625. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1072105

Nier, J. A., Bajaj, P., McLean, M. C., & Schwartz, E. (2013). Group status, perceptions of agency, and the correspondence bias: Attributional processes in the formation of stereotypes about high and low status groups. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16(4), 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430212454925

Oexle, N., Müller, M., Kawohl, W., Xu, Z., Viering, S., Wyss, C., . . . Rüsch, N. (2017). Self-stigma as a barrier to recovery: A longitudinal study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0773-2

Oexle, N., Rüsch, N., Viering, S., Wyss, C., Seifritz, E., Xu, Z., & Kawohl, W. (2017). Self-stigma and suicidality: A longitudinal study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 267(4), 359-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-016-0698-1

Oldmeadow, J. A., & Fiske, S. T. (2012). Contentment to resentment: Variation in stereotype content across status systems. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy (ASAP), 12(1), 324-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01277.x

Osgood, C. E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychological Bulletin, 49(3), 197-237. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055737

Osgood, C., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

Panek, P. E., & Jungers, M. K. (2008). Effects of age, gender, and causality on perceptions of persons with mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2007.01.002

Panek, P. E., & Smith, J. L. (2005). Assessment of terms to describe mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26(6), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2004.11.009

Polo Sánchez, M. T., Fernández Jiménez, C., & Díaz Batanero, C. (2011). Estudio de las actitudes de estudiantes de ciencias sociales y psicología: Relevancia de la información y contacto con personas discapacitadas. Universitas Psychologica, 10(1), 113-123. Retrieved from http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/issue/view/41

Ponsi, G., Panasiti, M. S., Scandola, M., & Aglioti, S. M. (2016). Influence of warmth and competence on the promotion of safe in-group selection: Stereotype content model and social categorization of faces. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(8), 1464-1479. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2015.1084339

Richetin, J., Durante, F., Mari, S., Perugini, M., & Volpato, C. (2012). Primacy of warmth versus competence: A motivated bias? The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(4), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2011.623735

Salas, N., Castillo, D., Martín, C. S., Kong, F., Thayer, L. E., & Huepe, D. (2017). Immigration in school: Characterization of prejudice towards migrants schoolchildren in Chile. Universitas Psychologica, 16(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-5.iecp

Sayans-Jiménez, P., Cuadrado, I., Rojas, A. J., & Barrada, J. R. (2017). Extracting the evaluations of stereotypes: Bi-factor model of the stereotype content structure. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01692

Smith, E. R., & Semin, G. R. (2007). Situated social cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 132-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00490.x

Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 23-46). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Verdugo, M. A., Arias, B., & Jenaro, C. (1994). Actitudes hacia las personas con minusvalía. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales, INSERSO.

Wojciszke, B., & Abele, A. E. (2008). The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(7), 1139-1147. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.549
Cómo citar
Jenaro Río, C., Flores Robaina, N., & López Lucas, J. (2018). Utilización de la técnica del diferencial semántico para evaluar estereotipos hacia personas con discapacidades: La relevancia de la calidez y competencia. Universitas Psychologica, 17(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-4.usdt
Sección
Artículos

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a