Publicado ene 6, 2017



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Oscar Hernán Zuluaga López

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Resumen

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Innumerables complicaciones hacen que una prótesis parcial fija (PPF) o corona individual fracasen. Por tal razón, se requiere evaluarlas permanentemente, principalmente en los ámbitos donde se forman los profesionales en odontología. Objetivo: Evaluar biológica, mecánica y funcionalmente las PPF colocadas en un servicio odontológico de pregrado en Manizales, Colombia. Métodos: Este estudio descriptivo evaluó 44 prótesis fijas realizadas en 23 pacientes. Los antecedentes se tomaron de la historia clínica. Se valoraron criterios clínicos biológicos, mecánicos y funcionales a través de montajes en un articulador semiajustable. Se realizó una clasificación protésica como tratamientos exitosos, tratamientos con complicaciones reversibles y con complicaciones irreversibles. Resultados: 36 prótesis cumplieron parámetros de supervivencia protésica, entre los cuales complicaciones reversibles relacionadas con alteraciones de los tejidos periodontales y alteración de los contactos interoclusales se identificaron en 20 prótesis. 8 prótesis presentaban complicaciones irreversibles afectadas por severos problemas periodontales y desadaptaciones marginales. No se observaron alteraciones pulpares y ni fracturas dentales o protésicas. Conclusión: La mayoría de las PPF (81,8 %) mostraron parámetros de supervivencia protésica con algunas complicaciones reversibles. Entre los factores identificados que se deben enfatizar en la formación de los estudiantes de odontología al hacer prótesis están el compromiso del paciente con el tratamiento, la higiene oral y el mantenimiento clínico. Ellos son necesarios para garantizar la longevidad de las restauraciones, teniendo en cuenta que el riesgo de complicaciones se incrementa con el tiempo.

ABSTRACT. Background: Innumerable complications may cause a fixed partial prosthesis (FPP) or single crown to fail. Therefore, it is important following up them, particularly in those spaces where dental professionals are trained. Purpose: To conduct a biological, mechanical, and functional evaluation of FPPs cemented at a predoctoral dental clinic in Manizales, Colombia. Methods: This descriptive study evaluated 44 FPPs made in 23 patients. Medical information was obtained from patients’ clinical records. Biological, mechanical, and functional criteria were evaluated through analysis of mounted models in semi-adjustable articulators. Decision criteria were: successful treatments, treatments with reversible complications, and treatments with irreversible complications. Results: 36 prostheses met prosthetic survival parameters of which 20 presented reversible complications consisting of alterations of periodontal tissues and interocclusal contacts. 8 prostheses showed irreversible complications, which were caused by severe periodontal problems and marginal discrepancies. Neither pulpal alterations nor dental or prosthetic fractures were observed. Conclusion: Most FPP (81.8 %) met prosthetic survival parameters with some reversible complications. Factors identified that should be emphasized while training dental students in fixed prosthodontics include: patient compliance with treatment recommendation, dental hygiene, and maintenance follow-ups. They are necessary to guarantee lasting results if considering that risk of complications increases with time. 

Keywords

complicaciones del tratamiento, educación odontológica, evaluación clínica, prostodoncia, prótesis parcial fija, supervivencia protésica

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Cómo citar
Zuluaga López, O. H. (2017). Evaluación funcional de las restauraciones protésicas fijas. Reporte de serie de casos / Functional Evaluation of Fixed Prosthetic Restorations. Case Series Report. Universitas Odontologica, 35(75). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.uo35-75.efrt
Sección
Dossier Temático