Future Prospects of Smallholder Dairy Production: Pragmatic Evidence from Crop-Livestock Farming Systems of an Economically Transforming State in India
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ago 15, 2019
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Thirunavukkarasu D
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-1908
Narmatha N
Doraisamy K.A.
RAMESH SARAVANAKUMAR V.
SAKTHIVEL K.M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-1908
Narmatha N
Doraisamy K.A.
RAMESH SARAVANAKUMAR V.
SAKTHIVEL K.M.
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Resumen
In the context of structural transformation of Indian economy, we examined the patterns of income, migration, milk marketing, dairy trends and future plans at the household level in Tamil Nadu state in south India. The study finds that majority of the dairy households in various farming systems have poor landholdings; belong to low or middle income classes; have one migrant in their families, and diversified sources of income. Given this backdrop, continuing dairy activity in the near future differed based on farming system and market opportunities. The majority were not willing to motivate the next generation to take up dairying as a profession.
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References
Athilakshmy, S., Sunitha, P., & Rao, S. V. N. (2013). Temporal changes in the dairy farming scenario in Puducherry. Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 66(6), 535-539.
Bardhan, D., Sharma, M. L., & Saxena, R. (2012). Market participation behavior of smallholder dairy farmers in Uttarakhand: A disaggregated analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(2), 243-254. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/aerrae/137367.html
Basu, P. (2009a). Success and failure of crossbred cows in India: A place-based approach to rural development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99(4), 746-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045600903102808
Basu, P. (2009b). Villages, women, and the success of dairy co-operatives in India. Cambria Press.
Binswanger-Mkhize, H. P. (2013). The stunted structural transformation of the Indian economy. Economic & Political Weekly, 48(26-27). Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2013/26-27/review-rural-affairs-review-issues/stunted-structural-transformation-indian
Chandramouli, P. (2011). “Rural urban distribution of population”. Census of India. Retrieved from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdf
Daftary, D. (2018). Cattle, milk and women’s labour: The politics of contemporary dairying in Gujarat. Economic & Political Weekly, 53(22), 43-50. Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/22/special-articles/cattle-milk-and-womens-labour.html
Delgado, C., Rosegrant, M., Steinfeld, H., Ehui, S., & Courbois, C. (1999). Livestock to 2020: The next food revolution. International Food Policy Research Institute. Discussion paper 28. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/documents/lvst2020/20201.pdf
Deshingkar, P. (2010). Migration, remote rural areas and chronic poverty in India. Overseas Development Institute. ODI working paper 323 and CPRC working paper 163. Retrieved from https://www.odi.org/publications/4531-migration-remote-rural-areas-and-chronic-poverty-india
Duncan, A. J., Teufel, N., Mekonnen, K., Singh, V. K., Bitew, A., & Gberemedhin, B. (2013). Dairy intensification in developing countries: Effects of market quality on farm-level feeding and breeding practices. Animal, 7(12), 2054-2062. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113001602
Geetha, K. T., & Lavanya, V. L. (2013). Economic analysis of dairy farming in Vellalore village in Coimbatore district. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 9(1), 25-37.
Government of India. (2015). 19th Livestock Census. New Delhi: Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Agriculture. Retrieved from http://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/filess/Livestock%20%205_0.pdf
Government of India. (2017). India emerging as a leader among milk producing nations. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Retrieved from http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=172017
Jodhka, S. S. (2014). Emergent ruralities: Revisiting village life and agrarian changes in Haryana. Economic & Political Weekly, 49(26-27). Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/26-27/review-rural-affairs-review-issues/emergent-ruralities.html
Jothilakshmi, M., Thirunavukkarasu, D., & Sudeepkumar, N. K. (2014). Exit of youths and feminization of smallholder livestock production: A field study in India. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 29(2), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174217051300001X
Kala, K. S., Reddy, A. V., & Srinath, P. (2013). Is it push or pull? Recent evidence from migration in India. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 14(2), 287-306. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-012-0241-9
Khode, N. V., Sawarkar, S. W., Banthia, V. V., Nande, M. P., & Basunathe, V. K. (2009). Adoption of improved dairy cattle management practices under Vidarbha development programme package. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 9(2), 80-84. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266174902_Adoption_of_Improved_Dairy_Cattle_Management_Practices_under_Vidarbha_Development_Programme_Package
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Singh, D. K., & Shivjee. (2011). Rural employment diversification in India: Trends, determinants and implications on poverty. Agriculture Economics Research Review, 24(2), 361-372. Retrieved from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/12418
Lior, Y. (2014). Milk quality in China. Milkproduction.com. Retrieved from http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Editorial-articles/Milk-quality-in-China-/
Mehrotra, S., Parida, J., Sinha, S., & Gandhi, A. (2014). Explaining employment trends in the Indian economy: 1993-94 to 2011-12. Economic & Political Weekly, 59, 49-57. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286723590_Explaining_employment_trends_in_the_indian_economy_1993-94_to_2011-12
National Dairy Development Board. (2013). External monitoring and evaluation of national dairy plan phase I. Karnal: author.
National Sample Survey Office. (2014). Key indicators of situation of agricultural households in India. New Delhi: author.
Ramkumar, S., Rao, S. V. N., & Waldie, K. (2004). Dairy cattle rearing by landless rural women in Pondicherry: A path to empowerment. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 11(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152150401100204
Rao, P., & Birthal, P. S. (2002). Crop-livestock systems in India: Research and policy issues. Icrisat. Retrieved from http://www.icrisat.org/PDF/Pb1.pdf
Rao, P., & Birthal, P. S. (2008). Typology of mixed crop-livestock systems in India. In P. Rao and P. S. Birthal, Livestock in mixed farming systems in South Asia (pp. 39-78). New Delhi: National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12104500.pdf
Rathod, P. K., Sariput, L., Nikam, T. P., & Vajreshwari, S. (2011). Socio-personal profile and constraints of dairy farmers. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(4), 619-621.
Ravikumar, S., Reddy, K. V. R., & Rao, B. S. (2007). Farmers’ choice for cost recovery of veterinary services in different livestock holding systems: A case study of India. Livestock Research for Rural Development 19(5). Retrieved from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/5/kuma19066.htm
Sato, K. (2011). Employment structure and rural-urban migration in a Tamil Nadu village: Focusing on differences by economic class. Southeast Asian Studies, 49(1), 22-51. Retrieved from https://kyoto-seas.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/490101.pdf
Shah, J., & Dave, D. (2010). A shift from traditional dairying to market oriented organized dairy farming-plausible factors responsible for structural transformation in Indian dairy sector. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65(2), 298-307. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/inijae/204683.html
Singh, K., Singh, S., & Kingra, H. S. (2009). Agrarian crisis and depeasantisation in Punjab: Status of small/marginal farmers who left agriculture. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(4), 585-603. Retrieved from https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/204658/files/05-Karam%20Singh.pdf
Singh, S. R., & Datta, K. K. (2010). Understanding value addition in Indian dairy sector: Some perspectives. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23, 487-493. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/aerrae/96924.html
Sujithkumar, P. S. (2007). Livelihood diversification: A case study in rural Tamil Nadu. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 50(4), 715-722. Retrieved from http://www.isleijle.org/ijle/issuepdf/eab0d211-c6d5-4910-8420-6228e85b6973.pdf
Uddin, M. M., Brümmer, B., & Peters, K.-J. (2013). Modelling factors affecting the decision to exit dairy farming in Bangladesh: A two-stage regression analysis. In E. Tielkes (ed.), Proceedings of conference on agricultural development within the rural-urban continuum. Stuttgart and Hohenheim: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.tropentag.de/2013/abstracts/links/Uddin_YTTPSBLT.pdf
Udo, H. M. J., Aklilu, H. A., Phong, L. T., Bosma, R. H., Budisatria, I. G. S., Patil, B. R., … Bebe, B. O. (2011). Impact of intensification of different types of livestock production in smallholder crop-livestock systems. Livestock Science, 139(1-2), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.020
World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for development. Washington: World Bank.
Bardhan, D., Sharma, M. L., & Saxena, R. (2012). Market participation behavior of smallholder dairy farmers in Uttarakhand: A disaggregated analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(2), 243-254. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/aerrae/137367.html
Basu, P. (2009a). Success and failure of crossbred cows in India: A place-based approach to rural development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99(4), 746-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045600903102808
Basu, P. (2009b). Villages, women, and the success of dairy co-operatives in India. Cambria Press.
Binswanger-Mkhize, H. P. (2013). The stunted structural transformation of the Indian economy. Economic & Political Weekly, 48(26-27). Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2013/26-27/review-rural-affairs-review-issues/stunted-structural-transformation-indian
Chandramouli, P. (2011). “Rural urban distribution of population”. Census of India. Retrieved from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdf
Daftary, D. (2018). Cattle, milk and women’s labour: The politics of contemporary dairying in Gujarat. Economic & Political Weekly, 53(22), 43-50. Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/22/special-articles/cattle-milk-and-womens-labour.html
Delgado, C., Rosegrant, M., Steinfeld, H., Ehui, S., & Courbois, C. (1999). Livestock to 2020: The next food revolution. International Food Policy Research Institute. Discussion paper 28. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/documents/lvst2020/20201.pdf
Deshingkar, P. (2010). Migration, remote rural areas and chronic poverty in India. Overseas Development Institute. ODI working paper 323 and CPRC working paper 163. Retrieved from https://www.odi.org/publications/4531-migration-remote-rural-areas-and-chronic-poverty-india
Duncan, A. J., Teufel, N., Mekonnen, K., Singh, V. K., Bitew, A., & Gberemedhin, B. (2013). Dairy intensification in developing countries: Effects of market quality on farm-level feeding and breeding practices. Animal, 7(12), 2054-2062. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113001602
Geetha, K. T., & Lavanya, V. L. (2013). Economic analysis of dairy farming in Vellalore village in Coimbatore district. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 9(1), 25-37.
Government of India. (2015). 19th Livestock Census. New Delhi: Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Agriculture. Retrieved from http://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/filess/Livestock%20%205_0.pdf
Government of India. (2017). India emerging as a leader among milk producing nations. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Retrieved from http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=172017
Jodhka, S. S. (2014). Emergent ruralities: Revisiting village life and agrarian changes in Haryana. Economic & Political Weekly, 49(26-27). Retrieved from https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/26-27/review-rural-affairs-review-issues/emergent-ruralities.html
Jothilakshmi, M., Thirunavukkarasu, D., & Sudeepkumar, N. K. (2014). Exit of youths and feminization of smallholder livestock production: A field study in India. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 29(2), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174217051300001X
Kala, K. S., Reddy, A. V., & Srinath, P. (2013). Is it push or pull? Recent evidence from migration in India. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 14(2), 287-306. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-012-0241-9
Khode, N. V., Sawarkar, S. W., Banthia, V. V., Nande, M. P., & Basunathe, V. K. (2009). Adoption of improved dairy cattle management practices under Vidarbha development programme package. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 9(2), 80-84. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266174902_Adoption_of_Improved_Dairy_Cattle_Management_Practices_under_Vidarbha_Development_Programme_Package
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Singh, D. K., & Shivjee. (2011). Rural employment diversification in India: Trends, determinants and implications on poverty. Agriculture Economics Research Review, 24(2), 361-372. Retrieved from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/12418
Lior, Y. (2014). Milk quality in China. Milkproduction.com. Retrieved from http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Editorial-articles/Milk-quality-in-China-/
Mehrotra, S., Parida, J., Sinha, S., & Gandhi, A. (2014). Explaining employment trends in the Indian economy: 1993-94 to 2011-12. Economic & Political Weekly, 59, 49-57. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286723590_Explaining_employment_trends_in_the_indian_economy_1993-94_to_2011-12
National Dairy Development Board. (2013). External monitoring and evaluation of national dairy plan phase I. Karnal: author.
National Sample Survey Office. (2014). Key indicators of situation of agricultural households in India. New Delhi: author.
Ramkumar, S., Rao, S. V. N., & Waldie, K. (2004). Dairy cattle rearing by landless rural women in Pondicherry: A path to empowerment. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 11(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152150401100204
Rao, P., & Birthal, P. S. (2002). Crop-livestock systems in India: Research and policy issues. Icrisat. Retrieved from http://www.icrisat.org/PDF/Pb1.pdf
Rao, P., & Birthal, P. S. (2008). Typology of mixed crop-livestock systems in India. In P. Rao and P. S. Birthal, Livestock in mixed farming systems in South Asia (pp. 39-78). New Delhi: National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12104500.pdf
Rathod, P. K., Sariput, L., Nikam, T. P., & Vajreshwari, S. (2011). Socio-personal profile and constraints of dairy farmers. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(4), 619-621.
Ravikumar, S., Reddy, K. V. R., & Rao, B. S. (2007). Farmers’ choice for cost recovery of veterinary services in different livestock holding systems: A case study of India. Livestock Research for Rural Development 19(5). Retrieved from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/5/kuma19066.htm
Sato, K. (2011). Employment structure and rural-urban migration in a Tamil Nadu village: Focusing on differences by economic class. Southeast Asian Studies, 49(1), 22-51. Retrieved from https://kyoto-seas.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/490101.pdf
Shah, J., & Dave, D. (2010). A shift from traditional dairying to market oriented organized dairy farming-plausible factors responsible for structural transformation in Indian dairy sector. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65(2), 298-307. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/inijae/204683.html
Singh, K., Singh, S., & Kingra, H. S. (2009). Agrarian crisis and depeasantisation in Punjab: Status of small/marginal farmers who left agriculture. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(4), 585-603. Retrieved from https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/204658/files/05-Karam%20Singh.pdf
Singh, S. R., & Datta, K. K. (2010). Understanding value addition in Indian dairy sector: Some perspectives. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23, 487-493. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/aerrae/96924.html
Sujithkumar, P. S. (2007). Livelihood diversification: A case study in rural Tamil Nadu. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 50(4), 715-722. Retrieved from http://www.isleijle.org/ijle/issuepdf/eab0d211-c6d5-4910-8420-6228e85b6973.pdf
Uddin, M. M., Brümmer, B., & Peters, K.-J. (2013). Modelling factors affecting the decision to exit dairy farming in Bangladesh: A two-stage regression analysis. In E. Tielkes (ed.), Proceedings of conference on agricultural development within the rural-urban continuum. Stuttgart and Hohenheim: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.tropentag.de/2013/abstracts/links/Uddin_YTTPSBLT.pdf
Udo, H. M. J., Aklilu, H. A., Phong, L. T., Bosma, R. H., Budisatria, I. G. S., Patil, B. R., … Bebe, B. O. (2011). Impact of intensification of different types of livestock production in smallholder crop-livestock systems. Livestock Science, 139(1-2), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.020
World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for development. Washington: World Bank.
Cómo citar
D, T., N, N., K.A., D., V., R. S., & K.M., S. (2019). Future Prospects of Smallholder Dairy Production: Pragmatic Evidence from Crop-Livestock Farming Systems of an Economically Transforming State in India. Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural, 16(84). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr16-84.fpsd
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