Palabras clave
Envejecimiento Rural
Aislamiento Social
Medio Rural
Personas Mayores
Redes comunitarias
Cómo citar
Resumen
La soledad y el aislamiento social representan desafíos significativos para las personas mayores en áreas rurales, donde factores como la despoblación, las distancias geográficas y la carencia de servicios básicos agravan esta problemática. Este artículo analiza de manera exhaustiva estrategias efectivas para abordar estos desafíos desde un enfoque de la gerontología social, con el objetivo de fomentar la inclusión social y el bienestar en estos entornos. A partir de una revisión de programas nacionales e internacionales y prácticas exitosas, se identifican cinco áreas clave de intervención. En primer lugar, las redes comunitarias de apoyo se destacan como pilar fundamental para fortalecer los vínculos sociales, especialmente mediante la participación de voluntariado y organizaciones locales. Segundo, el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) emerge como una herramienta crucial para facilitar la conexión social y el acceso a servicios, particularmente cuando se combina con formación adaptada a las necesidades de las personas mayores. De igual forma, las actividades intergeneracionales promueven un sentido de pertenencia y mejoran la salud emocional al fomentar la interacción entre generaciones. Asimismo, los servicios móviles de atención contribuyen a eliminar barreras relacionadas con el transporte, mejorando el acceso a servicios de salud y apoyo social en zonas remotas. Finalmente, las actividades de ocio y participación comunitaria permiten a las personas mayores integrarse activamente en la vida social, fortaleciendo sus redes de apoyo. El estudio resalta la necesidad de un enfoque multidimensional e integrado, basado en la colaboración intersectorial y en la capacitación tecnológica, para abordar el aislamiento social en estos contextos. Además, subraya la importancia de adaptar las intervenciones a los recursos y particularidades de cada comunidad rural, enfatizando el rol crítico de la gerontología y las ciencias sociales en la identificación de necesidades locales y la movilización de recursos comunitarios. Estas estrategias son esenciales para reducir el aislamiento social y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores en áreas rurales.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Pablo De Gea Grela, Daniel Fernández-Roses, Rubén Yusta Tirado, Sonia García-Aguña