The Biosphere Reserves of Spain during 2008-2014: Implementation and Key Aspects for its Management
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Mar 29, 2019
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Paula Andrea Castaño-Quintero
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-3120
María Victoria Gil-Cerezo
Carmen Galán Soldevilla
Eugenio Domínguez-Vilches
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-3120
María Victoria Gil-Cerezo
Carmen Galán Soldevilla
Eugenio Domínguez-Vilches
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Abstract
The Spanish Network of Biosphere Reserves (SNBR) has a monitoring programme enabling its degree of consolidation to be ascertained, as well as the levels of implementation and territorial assimilation of the Biosphere Reserves that it comprises. The statistical analysis carried out on the results of the SNBR implementation indicators for the period 2008–2014 stand out three fundamental aspects: i) two phases of implementation, ii) the improvements in the indicator scores in the second phase, and iii) the influence of the indicators on the levels of implementation achieved. Some key aspects are noted that could contribute to the enhancement of the implementation of these reserves.
Keywords
evaluation, indicators, local development, participation in management, sustainable development, UNESCO MaB Programmeevaluación, indicadores, desarrollo local, participación en la gestión, desarrollo sostenible, programa MAB de la UNESCO
References
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Geldmann, J., Barnes, M., Coad, L., Craigie, I. D., Hockings, M., & Burgess, N. D. (2013). Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines. Biological Conservation, 161, 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.02.018
Gessa, A., & Toledano, N. (2011). Turismo, emprendimiento y sostenibilidad en los espacios naturales protegidos: el caso de Andalucía-España. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 20(5), 1154-1174. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3739754
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Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2015). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera. Aplicación del sistema de indicadores de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera 2013-2014 (unpublished report).
Price, M. F. (2002). The periodic review of biosphere reserves: A mechanism to foster sites of excellence for conservation and sustainable development. Environmental Science & Policy, 5(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00021-7
Price, M. F., Park, J. J., & Bouamrane, M. (2010). Reporting progress on internationally designated sites: The periodic review of biosphere reserves. Environmental Science & Policy, 13(6), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.06.005
Red Española de Reservas de la Biosfera (RERB). (2017). Mapas de reservas. Red Española de Reservas de la Biosfera. Retrieved from http://rerb.oapn.es/red-espanola-de-reservas-de-la-biosfera/reservas-de-la-biosfera-espanolas/mapa
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Schliep, R., & Stoll-Kleemann, S. (2010). Assessing governance of biosphere reserves in central Europe. Land Use Policy, 27(3), 917-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.12.005
Schultz, L., Duit, A., & Folke, C. (2011). Participation, adaptive co-management, and management performance in the world network of biosphere reserves. World Development, 39(4), 662-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014
Tragsatec, & Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2011). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera: primer informe de seguimiento para el trienio 2008-2010 (unpublished report).
Tragsatec, & Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2013). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera. Aplicación del sistema de indicadores período 2010-2013 (unpublished report).
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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2008). Madrid action plan for biosphere reserves (2008-2013). Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001633/163301e.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2013). Periodic review for biosphere reserve. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/Periodic_review_form_english_2013.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2017). A new roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MaB). Programme and its world network of biosphere reserves. MaB strategy (2015-2025), Lima action plan (2016-2025), Lima declaration. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002474/247418E.pdf
Van Cuong, C., Dart, P., Dudley, N., & Hockings, M. (2017). Factors influencing successful implementation of biosphere reserves in Vietnam: Challenges, opportunities and lessons learnt. Environmental Science & Policy, 67, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.10.002
Walker, R. T., & Solecki, W. D. (1999). Managing land use and land cover change: The New Jersey pinelands biosphere reserve. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(2), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00143
Watson, J. E., Dudley, N., Segan, D. B., & Hockings, M. (2014). The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature, 515(7525), 67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13947
Coetzer, K. L., Witkowski, E. T., & Erasmus, B. F. (2014). Reviewing biosphere reserves globally: Effective conservation action or bureaucratic label? Biological Reviews, 89(1), 82-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12044
Comité Español del Programa MaB. (2013). Acta del I Encuentro Conjunto de Consejo Científico y Consejo de Gestores del Comité Español del Programa MaB. Guía de términos y conceptos (unpublished document).
Comité Español del Programa MaB. (2014). Acta del II Encuentro Conjunto de Consejo Científico y Consejo de Gestores del Comité Español del Programa MaB. Indicadores discutidos y aceptados por ambos consejos (unpublished document).
Comité Español del Programa MaB, Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN), & Tragsatec. (2015). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera. Aplicación del sistema de indicadores (período 2013-2014) (unpublished document).
Fernández-Galiano, E. (1984). Las reservas de la biosfera. Montes, 1, 26-29. Retrieved from http://www.revistamontes.net/Buscador.aspx?id=682
Fernández-Galiano, E. (1987). La biosfera y el hombre. Discurso de inauguración del Curso Académico 1987 de la Real Academia de Farmacia. Madrid: Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia. Retrieved from http://www.analesranf.com/index.php/discurso/article/view/672/673
Geldmann, J., Barnes, M., Coad, L., Craigie, I. D., Hockings, M., & Burgess, N. D. (2013). Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines. Biological Conservation, 161, 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.02.018
Gessa, A., & Toledano, N. (2011). Turismo, emprendimiento y sostenibilidad en los espacios naturales protegidos: el caso de Andalucía-España. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 20(5), 1154-1174. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3739754
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5.th edition). London: Pearson.
Halpern, B. S. (2014). Conservation: Making marine protected areas work. Nature, 506(7487), 167. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13053.pdf
Hutchings, J. A., Côté, I. M., Dodson, J. J., Fleming, I. A., Jennings, S., Mantua, N. J., … VanderZwaag, D. L. (2012). Is Canada fulfilling its obligations to sustain marine biodiversity? A summary review, conclusions, and recommendations. Environmental Reviews, 20, 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0049
Ishwaran, N. (2012). Science in intergovernmental environmental relations: 40 years of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MaB). Programme and its future. Environmental Development, 1(1), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2011.11.001
Juffe-Bignoli, D., Burgess, N. D., Bingham, H., Belle, E. M. S., De Lima, M. G., Deguignet, M., … Kingston, N. (2014). Protected planet report. Tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas. Cambridge: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); World Commission on Protected Areas (WCMC). Retrieved from http://www.unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/289/original/Protected_Planet_Report_2014_01122014_EN_web.pdf
Kristjanson, P., Harvey, B., Van Epp, M., & Thornton, P. K. (2013). Social learning and sustainable development. Nature Climate Change, 4(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2080
Matar, D. A., & Anthony, B. P. (2017). UNESCO: Biosphere reserve management evaluation. Where do we stand and what’s next? International Journal of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, 1(1), 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25316/IR-387
Medina, J. L., Orellana, Y. G., Pino, M. M., & Diaz, L. (2014). Análisis discriminante canónico con técnicas gráficas multivariadas aplicado a un diseño con dos factores. Avances Investigación en Ingeniería, 11(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.18041/1794-4953/avances.2.227
Onaindia, M., Ballesteros, F., Alonso, G., Monge-Ganuzas, M., & Pena, L. (2013). Participatory process to prioritize actions for a sustainable management in a biosphere reserve. Environmental Science & Policy, 33, 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.05.012
Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2015). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera. Aplicación del sistema de indicadores de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera 2013-2014 (unpublished report).
Price, M. F. (2002). The periodic review of biosphere reserves: A mechanism to foster sites of excellence for conservation and sustainable development. Environmental Science & Policy, 5(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00021-7
Price, M. F., Park, J. J., & Bouamrane, M. (2010). Reporting progress on internationally designated sites: The periodic review of biosphere reserves. Environmental Science & Policy, 13(6), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.06.005
Red Española de Reservas de la Biosfera (RERB). (2017). Mapas de reservas. Red Española de Reservas de la Biosfera. Retrieved from http://rerb.oapn.es/red-espanola-de-reservas-de-la-biosfera/reservas-de-la-biosfera-espanolas/mapa
Reed, M. G., & Egunyu, F. (2013). Management effectiveness in UNESCO biosphere reserves: Learning from Canadian periodic reviews. Environmental Science & Policy, 25, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.008
Schliep, R., & Stoll-Kleemann, S. (2010). Assessing governance of biosphere reserves in central Europe. Land Use Policy, 27(3), 917-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.12.005
Schultz, L., Duit, A., & Folke, C. (2011). Participation, adaptive co-management, and management performance in the world network of biosphere reserves. World Development, 39(4), 662-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014
Tragsatec, & Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2011). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera: primer informe de seguimiento para el trienio 2008-2010 (unpublished report).
Tragsatec, & Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN). (2013). Programa de seguimiento de la Red Española de Reservas de Biosfera. Aplicación del sistema de indicadores período 2010-2013 (unpublished report).
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (1996). The seville strategy for biosphere reserves and statutory framework of the world network of biosphere reserves. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001038/103849Eb.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2008). Madrid action plan for biosphere reserves (2008-2013). Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001633/163301e.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2013). Periodic review for biosphere reserve. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/Periodic_review_form_english_2013.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2017). A new roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MaB). Programme and its world network of biosphere reserves. MaB strategy (2015-2025), Lima action plan (2016-2025), Lima declaration. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002474/247418E.pdf
Van Cuong, C., Dart, P., Dudley, N., & Hockings, M. (2017). Factors influencing successful implementation of biosphere reserves in Vietnam: Challenges, opportunities and lessons learnt. Environmental Science & Policy, 67, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.10.002
Walker, R. T., & Solecki, W. D. (1999). Managing land use and land cover change: The New Jersey pinelands biosphere reserve. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(2), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00143
Watson, J. E., Dudley, N., Segan, D. B., & Hockings, M. (2014). The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature, 515(7525), 67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13947
How to Cite
Castaño-Quintero, P. A., Gil-Cerezo, M. V., Galán Soldevilla, C., & Domínguez-Vilches, E. (2019). The Biosphere Reserves of Spain during 2008-2014: Implementation and Key Aspects for its Management. International Journal of Rural Development, 16(83). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr16-83.tbrs
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