Publicado mar 29, 2019



PLUMX
Almetrics
 
Dimensions
 

Google Scholar
 
Search GoogleScholar


Manuel Carlos Silva

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Resumen

To explain the peasants ‘conservatism’ in Northwest of Portugal, as well the obstacles to rural local development, the author, in addition to underline elsewhere the specificity of the peasant economy and several strategies of rural dwellers (marriage, inheritance and migration), in this article stresses the relevance of the political factor, namely the dependency of most residents facing the old or new local patrons (caciques). These, in a strategy of reproduce the local power on a familist base, subject those now by moral imperative, now by the gift, financial and administrative favor, converting these favors in family benefits or economic and political dividends.

Keywords

campesinado, conservatismo, desarrollo rural, patronazgo, Portugalpeasantry, conservatisme, rural development, patronage, Portugal

References
Aalbers, M. (2013). Debate on neoliberalism in and after the neoliberal crisis. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 37(3), 1053-1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12061

Alavi, H. (1973). Peasant classes and primordial loyalties. Journal of Peasant Studies, 1(1), 23-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066157308437871

Bader, V. (1991). Collectief handelen. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.

Bader, V., & Benschop, A. (1988). Ongelijkheden. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.

Bailly, A. (1999). Le developpement local: un choix de societé. In C. Cavaco (coord.), Desenvolvimento rural: desafio e utopia (pp. 29-31). Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa.

Barth, F. (1966). Models of social organisation. London: Royal Anthropological Institute.

Bennema, J. W. (1992). Port, kerk en arbeidsvrede (unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen.

Blok, A. (1969). Mafia and peasant rebellion as contrasting factors in Sicilian latifundism. Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 10(1), 95-116. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23998625

Blok, A. (1970). Man as entrepreneur. Sociologische Gids, 17(3), 225-34.

Boissevain, J. (1966). Patronage in Sicily. Man, 1(1), 18-33. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2795898

Boissevain, J. (1977). When the saints go marching out. In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds.), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 81-95). London: Druckworth.

Boissevain, J. (1978). Friends of friends, networks, manipulators and coalitions. Oxford: Basil Blakwell.

Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Minuit.

Bourdieu, P. (1980). Le sens pratique. Paris: Minuit.

Callier-Boisvert, C. (1968). Remarques sur le système de parenté et sur la famille au Portugal. L’Homme, 8(2), 87-103. Retrieved from https://www.persee.fr/doc/hom_0439-4216_1968_num_8_2_366979

Camarero, L., Sampedro, R., & Oliva, J. (2012). Foreigners, neighbours, immigrants: Translocal mobilities in rural areas in Spain. In Ch. Hedberg and R. M. do Carmo (eds.), Translocal ruralism. Mobility and connectivity in European rural spaces (pp. 143-162). London and New York: Springer.

Campanhola, C., & Graziano da Silva, J. (2000). Desenvolvimento local e democratização dos espaços rurais. Cadernos de Ciência & Tecnologia, 17(1), 11-40. Retrieved from https://seer.sct.embrapa.br/index.php/cct/article/view/8860

Campbell, J. K. (1964). Honour, family and patronage: A study of institutions and moral values in a Greek mountain community. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Capela, J. V. (1989). A câmara, a nobreza e o povo do concelho de Barcelos. Barcelos-Revista, 2(1).

Cardoso, A. (2012). Território e desenvolvimento. Populações no concelho de Barcelos (1960-2011). Vila Nova de Famalicão: Húmus.

Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1970). Dependência e desenvolvimento na América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.

Christian, J. R. (1972). Person and God in a Spanish valley. New York and London: Seminar Press.

Cutileiro, J. (1977). Ricos e pobres no Alentejo (uma sociedade rural portuguesa). Lisbon: Sá da Costa.

Dahrendorf, R. (1959). Class and class conflicts in industrial society. London: Routledge; Kegan Paul.

Descamps, P. (1935). Le Portugal: la vie sociale actuelle. Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cie.

Dubois, A., Copus, A., & Hedström, M. (2012). Local embeddedness and global links in rural areas: Euclidean and relational space in business networks. In Ch. Hedberg and R. M. do Carmo (eds.), Translocal ruralism. Mobility and conectivity in European rural spaces (pp. 103-124). London and New York: Springer.

Foster, G. (1965). Peasant society and the image of limited good. American Anthropologist, 67(2), 293-315. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/668247

Frank, A. G. (1976). Sociologia do desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento da Sociologia. Coimbra: Centelha.

Furtado, C. (1961). Desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento. Rio de Janeiro: Fundo de Cultura.

Gellner, E. (1977). Patrons and clients. In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 1-6). London: Duckworth.

Gilsenan, M. (1977). Against patron-client relations. In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds.), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 167-183). London: Duckworth.

Giménez, M. M. G. (1996). La red social como elemento clave del desarrollo local: el caso de los programas Leader de Castilla y León. In Actas do III Colóquio Hispano-Português de Estudos Rurais. Lisbon: Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Rurais.

Goffman, E. (1974). Les rites d’interaction. Paris: Minuit.

Goldey, P. (1981). Emigração e estrutura familiar: estudo de um caso no Minho. Estudos Contemporâneos, 2/3, 111-127.

Grammont, H. C., & Martínez Valle, L. (2009). Introducción. In H. C. de Grammont and L. Martínez Valle (coords.), La pluriactividad en el campo latinoamericano (pp. 9-18). Quito: Flacso.

Hedberg, Ch., & do Carmo, R. M. (2012). Translocal ruralism. Mobility and connectivity in European rural spaces. In Ch. Hedberg and R. M. do Carmo (eds.), Translocal ruralism. Mobility and connectivity in European rural spaces (pp. 1-12). London and New York: Springer.

Hobsbawm, E. (1974). Rebeldes primitivos: estudio sobre las formas arcaicas de los movimientos sociales en los siglos XIX y XX (J. Romero Maura, trans.). Barcelona: Ariel. Retrieved from https://latinoamericanos.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/eric-hobsbawm-rebeldes-primitivos.pdf (Original work published 1959).

Hoselitz, B. F. (1982). The sociological aspects of economic growth. Chicago: Free Press of Glencoe.

Huizer, G. (1969). The role of patronage in the peasant political struggle in Latin America. Sociologische Gids, 16, 411-419. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/429a/9f8f8be578a75024a05b21c954ac66ac1ac1.pdf

Long, N. (1977). An introduction to the sociology of rural development. Wageningen.

Lowe, P., Murdoch, J., & Ward, N. (1997). Redes en el desarrollo rural: más allá de los modelos exógenos y endógenos. Agricultura y Sociedad, 82, 13-43. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=83038

Luhmann, N. (1982). The differentiation of society (S. Holmes and C. Larmore, trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. (Original work published 1970).

Marini, M. (1991). Dialéctica de la dependencia. México: Era. (Original work published 1973).

Marx, K. (1974). O Capital. Lisbon: Delfos.

Moore Jr., B. (1966). Social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world. Boston: Beacon Press.

Myrdal, G. (1970). The challenge of world poverty. London: Allen Lane.

Myrdal, G. (1979). Teoría económica y regiones subdesarrrolladas. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Newby, H. (1975). The deferential dialectic. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17(2), 139-64. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/178001

Pareto, V. (1968). The rise and fall of elites. New York: Bedminster Press. (Original work published 1901).

Parkin, F. (1979). Marxism and class theory: A bourgeois critique. London: Tavistock.

Parsons, T. (1988). El sistema social. Madrid: Alianza.

Parsons, T., & White, W. (1961). The link between character and society. In S. M. Lipset and L. Lowenthal (eds.), Culture and social character: The work of David Riesman reviewed (pp. 89-135). New York: Free Press.

Pitt-Rivers, J. A. (1961). The people of the Sierra. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Prebisch, R. (1963). Dinâmica do desenvolvimento latino-americano. Rio de Janeiro: Fundo de Cultura.

Rau, H. (2012). The ties that blind? Spatial (im)mobilities and the transformation of rural-urban conections. In Ch. Hedberg and R. M. do Carmo (eds.), Translocal ruralism. Mobility and conectivity in European rural spaces (pp. 35-54). London and New York: Springer.

Ravis-Giordani, G. (1976). L’alta pulitica et la bassa pulitica: valeurs et comportements politiques dans les communautés villageoises corses (XIXe-XXe siècles). Études Rurales, 63-64, 171-189. Retrieved from https://www.persee.fr/doc/rural_0014-2182_1976_num_63_1_2174

Reis, J. (1994). O desenvolvimento local é possível? In M. B. Moreira (ed.), O desenvolvimento local é possível? (pp. 3-16). Lisbon: Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Rurais.

Ricardo, D. (1975). Princípios de economia política e de tributação (vol. I). Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. (Original work published 1817).

Riegelhaupt, J. (1979). Os camponenses e a política no Portugal de Salazar: o Estado Corporativo e o ‘apoliticismo” nas aldeias. Análise Social, 15(59), 505-523. Retrieved from http://analisesocial.ics.ul.pt/documentos/1223990117D7wBA3az5Ab81GL4.pdf

Rostow, W. W. (1974). Las etapas del crecimiento económico. Un manifiesto anticomunista. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. (Original work published 1960).

Scott, J. (1977). Patronage or exploitation? In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds.), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 21-39). London: Druckworth.

Scott, J. (1985). Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Scott, J. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Seers, D. (1969). The meaning of development. International Development Review, 2, 2-6.

Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sevilla-Guzmán, E. (2003). El desarrollo rural de la “otra modernidad”: elementos para recampesinizar la agricultura desde la agroecología. In J. Encina, M. A. Ávila, M. Fernandez and M. Rosa (eds.), Práxis participativas desde el medio rural (pp. 89-116). Madrid: Iepala; Cimas.

Shucksmith, M. (2012). Class, power and inequality in rural areas: Beyond social exclusion? Sociologia Ruralis, 52(4), 377-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00570.x

Silva, M. C. (1994). Peasants, patrons and the state in Northern Portugal. In L. Roniger and G. Ayata (eds.), Democracy, clientelism and civil society (pp. 29-47). Boulder: Lynnie Rienner.

Silva, M. C. (2013). Crise, democracia e desenvolvimento: o lugar semiperiférico de Portugal. Revista Española de Sociología, 19, 153-168. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4407376

Silva, M. C., & Cardoso, A. (2005). O local face ao global: por uma revisitação crítica dos modelos de desenvolvimento. In M. C. Silva, A. P. Marques and R. Cabecinhas (eds.), Desenvolvimento e assimetrias sócio-espaciais. Perspectivas teóricas e estudos de caso (pp. 23-79). Braga: Núcleo de Estudos em Sociologia e Inovação à Leitura.

Silverman, S. F. (1965). Patronage and community-nation relationships in Central Italy. Ethnology, 4(2), 172-89. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3772728?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Silverman, S. F. (1970). Exploitation in rural Central Italy: Structure and ideology in stratification study. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 12(3), 327-339. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/178242

Skocpol, T. (1979). State and revolution: Old regimes and revolutionary crises in France, Russia and China. Theory and Society, 7(1/2), 7-96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/656999

Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behaviour. London: Routledge; Kegan Paul.

Smith, A. (1956). Riqueza de las naciones. Madrid: Aguilar. (Original work published 1776).

Stenbacka, S. (2012). The “rural” intervening in the lives of internal and international migrants: Migrants, biographies and translocal practices. In Ch. Hedberg and R. M. do Carmo (eds.), Translocal ruralism. Mobility and conectivity in European rural spaces (pp. 55-72). London and New York: Springer.

Stöhr, W. (1981). Development from below: The bottom-up and the periphery-Inward development paradigm. In W. Stöhr and D. Tylor (eds.), Development from above or below? New York: John Willey & Sons.

Tilly, C. (1975). Reflections on the history of European state-making. In C. Tilly (ed.), The formation of national states in Western Europe (pp. 3-83). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. Reading.

Tolosana, C. L. (1979). Antropología cultural de Galicia. Madrid: Akal.

Van Assche, K., & Hornidge, A. K. (2015). Rural development. Knowledge and expertise in governance. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.

Van der Ploeg, J. (1997). On rurality, rural development and rural sociology. Rural Sociology, 37(4), 515-553.

Villasante, T. R. P. (1998). Quatro redes para major-vivir. Buenos Aires: Lúmen-Humanitas.

Wallerstein, I. (1990). O sistema económico mundial. Porto: Afrontamento. (Original work published 1974).

Waterbury, J. (1977). An attempt to put patrons and clients in their place. In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds.), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 329-242). London: Duckworth.

Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society (G. Roth and C. Wittich, eds.). Berkeley and London: University of California Press.

Weingrod, A. (1968). Patrons, patronage and political parties. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 10(4), 377-400. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/177636

Weingrod, A. (1977). Patronage and power. In E. Gellner and J. Waterbury (eds.), Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 41-51). London: Duckworth.

Wertheim, W. (1969). From aliran toward class struggle in the countryside of Java. Pacific Viewpoint, 10(2), 1-17.

Willems, E. (1963). On Portuguese family structure. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 3(1), 65-79. Retrieved from https://brill.com/view/journals/ijcs/3/1/article-p65_8.xml?lang=en

Wolf, E. (1959). Sons of shaking earth. Chicago.

Yruela, M. P., & Guerrero, M. M. (1994). Desarrollo local y desarrollo rural: consideraciones teóricas. In M. B. Moreira (ed.), O desenvolvimento local é possível? (pp. 44-86). Lisbon: Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Rurais.
Cómo citar
Silva, M. C. (2019). Peasants, Brokers and the State: Competition and Dividends in Familist Local Politics in Two Villages in the Northwest of Portugal. Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural, 16(83). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr16-83.pbts
Sección
Artículos Investigación