Publicado oct 31, 2022



PLUMX
Almetrics
 
Dimensions
 

Google Scholar
 
Search GoogleScholar


Ertugrul Guresci

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Resumen

La migración del campo a la ciudad es un fenómeno común en el mundo y especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Hay varias razones que conducen a esta migración. Las razones se deben tanto a las zonas rurales como a las urbanas. Pero, de origen rural, las causas fundamentales de esta migración son más pronunciadas. Para 2050, más de la mitad de la población de los países menos desarrollados seguirá viviendo en zonas rurales. Tres cuartas partes de las personas que viven en la pobreza extrema basan su sustento en la agricultura u otras actividades rurales. Según datos del Banco Mundial, la tasa de población rural en el mundo era de aproximadamente 66% en la década de 1960, mientras que esta tasa disminuyó a 44% en 2019. En el mismo informe se determinó que la población rural en el mundo aumentó de 2 012 mil millones en la década de 1960 a 3 397 mil millones en 2019. Como resultado, se puede decir que si bien la tasa de población rural en el mundo disminuye, es un hecho que tiene una población significativa en total. En definitiva, el fenómeno de la migración rural seguirá siendo importante en el mundo y será el determinante de las futuras políticas económicas y sociales. Con base en este hecho, este estudio tiene como objetivo enfatizar la importancia de la migración rural y enfatizar la agricultura y el desarrollo rural como la causa fundamental de este tipo de migración.

Keywords

agriculture, migration, rural, rural development, rural migrationagricultura, migración, rural, desarrollo rural, migración rural

References
Abid, M., Schneider, A., &, Scheffran, J. (2016). Adaptation to climate change and its impacts on food productivity and crop income: Perspectives of farmers in rural Pakistan. Journal of Rural Studies, 47(A), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.08.005

Adams, R. M., Hurd, B.H., Lenhart, S., &, Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: An interpretative. Review Climate Research, 11(2), 20-21. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr011019

Aktaş, E., & Şahin, A. (2019). Harris-Todaro göç modeli: Türkiye örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(1), 222-234. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/702199.

Arbuckle, J.G., Prokopy, L.S, Haigh, T., Hobbs, J., Knoot, T., &, Knutson, C. (2013). Climate change beliefs, concerns, and attitudes toward adaptation and mitigation among farmers in the Midwestern United States. Climate Change, 117(4), 943–950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0700-0

Ateş, D. (2008). Industrial revolution: Impetus behind the globalization process. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 15(2), 31-38. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60974836/procedural_justice20191021-10195-1300cz7-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1662752187&Signature=ELMoVm4yCQe38yDeAPjlef1F~JSol21UZ0AJjMsxtfAspx-5C7OmZICi6jGlYT1jCDPZ5VvY8FoOWW4W-1Oq3CHU9jsOj9cmXZwYeaT9~fcJou50WWgf94lRHrwu9r3j4njUvuTKn5u2j8dxDRCBm91ptbMJeUPqjDfpHFXLxzmM8PUWOQ3CKBTkF8iSZH~u~YriFKZE-1rm1av2QX5xXaYYUOVK7M~3dY54QaQGGQ0fTrF28UN-HC7jSJE5zhGrUf5IF58VM86xeZxjEL~PdNBX~YEz8DQ4KOLX5oz~4xAe0A-HJZoP-sIMT7uF0RcnhVLMPtsmpHZrWQmDG7JIRA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=34

Bairoch, P. (1993). Economics and World History. Harvester-Wheatsheaf.

Barrios, S., Bertinelli, L., &, Strobl, E. (2006). Climatic change and rural-urban migration: The case of Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Urban Economics, 60(3), 357–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2006.04.005

Becker, G.S., Glaeser, E.L., &, Murphy, K.M. (1999). Population and economic growth. American Economic Review, 89(2), 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.2.145

Belleti, M., &, Leksinaj, E. (2016). The Impact of Migration on Albanian Agriculture: A Snapshot, the first decade of living with the global crisis. In M. Belletti & E. Leksinaj (Ed.). The First Decade of Living with the Global Crisis (pp. 47-58), Springer International Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24267-5_4

Bertola, G., & Garibaldi, P. (2003). The structure and history of Italian unemployment. Cesıfo working paper No. 907 Category 4: Labor markets April 2003. CESifo Working Paper..

Brettel, C., &, Hollifield, J. (2015). Migration Theory Talking Across Disciplines (3rd edition). Routledge.

Brown, L.A., &, Moore, E. G. (1970). The Intra-urban Migration: a perspective. GeografiskaAnnule, 52(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1970.11879340

Castañeda, A., Doan, D., Newhouse, D., Nguyen, M.C., Uematsu, H., &, Azevedo, J.P. (2016). Who are the poor in the developing world?. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7844. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2848472

Chand, R. (2019). Transforming agriculture for challenges of 21st century, 102 annual conference Indian economic associations (IEA) 27-29 December 2019. AURO University, Surat (Gujarat). https://www.planningcommission.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-01/Presidential_Address.pdf

Christiaensen, L., Weerdt, J., &, Todo, Y. (2013). Urbanization and Poverty Reduction – the Role of Rural Diversification and Secondary Towns, Urbanization and Poverty Reduction, 4th International conference of the African association of agricultural economists., September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12028

Davis, J. C., &, Henderson, J. V. (2003). Evidence on the political economy of the urbanization process. Journal of Urban Economics, 53(1), 98–125.

Davis, F. S., &, Wrigley, J.M. (1985). Migration decision making and migration beh avior in rural Kenya. Population and Environment, 8, 78–97.

Ellison, B., Muth, M.K., &, Golan, E. (2019). Opportunities and Challenges in Conducting Economic Research on Food Loss and Waste. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 41(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppy035

FAO. (2006). The Role of Agriculture and Rural Development in Revitalizing Abandoned/Depopulated, Areas. http://www.fao.org/tempref/GI/Reserved/FaoSeur/New

FAO. (2018). The state of food and agriculture.

Fuhrer, J. (2003). Agro ecosystem responses to combinations of elevated CO., ozone, and global climate change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 97(1-3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00125-7

Gollin, D., Jedwab, R., &, Vollrath, D. (2016). Urbanization with and without Industrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21, 35–70.

Goudriaan, J., &, Unsworth, M. H. (1990). Implications of increasing carbon dioxide and climate change for agricultural productivity and water resources. In B. A. Kimball, N. J. Rosenberg, & L. H. Allen (Eds.). Impact of Carbon Dioxide, Trace Gases, and Climate Change on Global Agriculture, (pp. 111-130). ASA Special Publications. https://doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub53.c8

Grigg, D. B. (1977). E. G. Ravenstein and the “laws of migration’’. Journal of Historical Geography, 3(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(77)90143-8

Gümüş, Y. K. (2010). Free movement of workers in the EU within the context of demographic challenge of Europe: the case of labour migration from turkey to Germany. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 63-89. https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000137

Güreşci, E. (2013). İş hukuku kapsamında tarımda çalışanlar. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Science, 4(7), 122-129. http://openaccess.ahievran.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12513/391/g%c3%bcresciertugrul.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Hallegatte, S., &, Rozenberg, H. (2017). Climate change through a poverty lens. Nature Climate Change, 7, 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3253

Harris, JR., Todaro, MP (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: a two-sector analysis, Am Econ Rev, 60,126–142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1807860

Hart, K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 61-89. https://10.1017/S0022278X00008089

Hatfield, JL, Boote, KJ. Kimball, BA., Ziska, LH., &, Izaurralde, RC. (2011). Climate impacts on agriculture: implications for crop production, Agronomy Journal, 103(2), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0303

Hertel, T. (2016). Food security under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2834

IFAD. (2016). Rural Development Report 2016. IFAD. https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/39155702/Rural+development+report+2016.pdf/347402dd-a37f-41b7-9990-aa745dc113b9

ILO. (2008). Promotion of rural employment for poverty reduction, International Labor Conference, 97th Session. International Labour Office Geneva. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_091721.pdf.

ILO. (2015). Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection: New data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries. ESS Document, 47, 1-69 https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/iloilowps/994876213402676.htm

IOM, (2020). World Migration Report 2020. ION UN Migration. https://publications.iom.int

Kawuwa, S., &, Yusuf, U. L. (2019). An assessment of rural poverty and food insecurity in Fika Local Government area, Yobe State, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 6(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0601002

Khan, M. H. (2001). Rural poverty in developing countries. Implications for public policy. International Monetary Fund. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=TSaF0emY0ZAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP4&dq=Khan,+M.+H.+(2001).+Rural+poverty+in+developing+countries+implications+for+public+policy,+International+Monetary+Fund,+Economic+Issues,+No:+26&ots=DWgHSUX40Q&sig=ZEGfk78OV0KfKDOTcz2GIbx-4_g&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Kołodzıejczak, W. (2019). Hidden unemployment in polish agriculture in 2005-2018 – a simulation of the scale of the problem. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, 22(1), 170-180. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.308169

Lewis, A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor. The Manchester School, 22(2), 139–191.

Mahato, A. (2014). Climate change and its impact on agriculture. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(4), 1-6.

Malthus, T. (1798). An essay on the principle of population, J. Johnson St. Paul’s Church-Yard.

Mazumdar, D. (1987). Rural-urban migration in developing countries. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, 2(28), 1097-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0080(87)80014-7

Nagashima, M. (2018). A condition for the reduction of urban unemployment in the Harris–Todaro Model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 2, 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-018-0070-8

Neary, P. (1981). On the Harris–Todaro model with inter-sectoral capital mobility. Economica, 48(191), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.2307/2552914

Nori, M., &, Farinella, D. (2020). Rural World, Migration, and Agriculture in Mediterranean EU: An Introduction. In M. Nori & D. Farinella (Eds.) Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development (pp. 1-16). IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42863-1_1 .

Özdemir, E. (2003). The effect of rural-to-urban migration on the status of women ın Turkey. Turkish Journal of Population Studies, 25, 69-96. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31495888/ozdemir-libre.pdf?1392374528=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_effect_of_rural_to_urban_migration_o.pdf&Expires=1662920500&Signature=E9OE2qFHzqef9KbnMt7h7Ecyv88xx89z4tHxXaZbGwgbV-vl3byeX1JgLP4ctk-h5lVMoKw1GkGqBirwaKpdOyK2rUNekRM5mjpEjnPi8Zh3D49Xbrc2vX1tpAyVvdq8uMBlL1PX1QVBjdxRRv44RMH~abJ-qBXJJST872s3fpoXmmOxsVzJYU3u6IgcamQ9l-7jN6sqq~73NUq54pW7j1-PUu-EYXbn~8gGeASr9aCDroni4XQ67Cj~9XCrTt8vd2u4s-M477M12WG9g1k2ArvpUfH~XS67k2vklD7Jsctsz08YHI2utuMMn4BGKF~AYh9rtMAnaUwb6Ds9zbs0zw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

Peker, K. (2004). The causes and results of internal migration from rural areas: case of Eastern Anatolia, Agricultural. Economics – CZECH, 50(10), 471–476.

Rahman, M. (2019). Validity of Malthusian theory of population in 20th century in terms of using scientific technology to the economic growth and strength, HAL Id: hal-02298401. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02298401/document

Reardon, T., &, Vosti, SA (1995). Links between rural poverty and the environment in developing countries: Asset categories and investment poverty. World Development, 2(9), 1495-1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00061-G

Reliefweb, (2020, november 14). Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development: Addressing the root causes of migration and harnessing its potential for development. Reliefweb. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/migration-agriculture-and-rural-development-addressing-root-causes-migration-and

Savaş, B. (2008). The relationship between population and economic growth: empirical vidence from the Central Aswan Economies, OAKA, 3(6), 161-183.

Schober, T., &, Winter, R. (2011). Gender wage inequality and economic growth: is there really a puzzle?-a comment. World Development, 39(8), 1476-1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.001

Sibe, J. P., Chiatchoua, C., &, Megne, M. N. (2016). The Long run relationship between population growth and economic growth: A panel data analysis of 30 of the most populated countries of the world. Análisis Económico, 31(77). http://www.analisiseconomico.azc.uam.mx/index.php/rae/article/view/56

SOFI. (2020, November 16). Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2020/en/

Switlana, Z., & Gridin, O. (2020). Human capital development an agricultural economy sector. Technology Adult and Production Reserves, 1(4/51). http://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2020.194444

Şahintürk, D.A., &, Bulut, Ö. A. (2017). The socıo-economical results of labor migration from turkey to Germany. ASOS Journal, 51, 394-403.

Tacoli, C., McGranahan, G., &, Satterthwaite, D. (2015). Urbanization, rural–urban migration and urban poverty. IEED. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep01308?acceptTC=true&coverpage=false&addFooter=false

The World Bank. (2020a, November 15). Agriculture and Rural Development.

The World Bank. (2020b, November 15). Migration and Remittances. https://www.worldbank.org

UNa, (2020, November 11). Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals (16.11.2020).

UNb, (2020). The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development,

UNICEF. (2020). Education. https://www.unicef.org/education

UNPA. (2014). Population and poverty. https://www.unfpa.org/resources/population-and-poverty.

Wang, X., Shao, S., &, Li, L. (2019). Agricultural inputs, urbanization, and urban-rural income disparity: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 55, 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.03.009

Zhang, D., Xın Lı, X., &, Jınjun Xue, J. (2020). Education inequality between rural and urban areas of the people’s republic of China, migrants’ children education, and some implications, Asian Development Review, 32(1), 196–224. https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_a_00042
Cómo citar
Guresci, E. (2022). El Factores agrícolas como causa de la migración rural desde una perspectiva global. Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural, 19. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr19.afrc
Sección
Artículos Investigación