In this paper of review it is presented the problem of adherence. The adherence as a public health problem and the adherence as a research object between patients visiting psychiatric ambulatory control. During the last decade it's been raising in importance the subject of adherence to the treatment, and specially the adherence to the ambulatory control. It is a fact, that lose a of adherence undermines the treatment efficiency because of the patients who doesn't follow correctly the directions given by the professional medical personal. The therapeutics of adherence has its own history and its conceptualization has been socially shaped. Adherence is related to an ideology that transforms the professional medical personal, the strategies of medical research, the results of the treatments and the entire group of policies around the professional medical personal and the health authorities. Even if the majority of medical personal can agree that lose of adherence exists, its causes are not always fully analyzed and the most important, we have no precise knowledge about how to imporve the patient adherence to the treatment. Due to the disappearance of the medical bureau, the control of the patient presence at the medical control appears to be one of the most important tactics in the tracking of ambulatory patients thanks to its simplicity and efficiency.