This article intends to highlight the political and intellectual implications of nuclear energy in India beyond “traditional” security  approaches. It elicits the process whereby local postcolonial elites felt identified and characterized scientific and technological research as a tool for boosting “progress” and national development. That explains why nuclear energy came to represent not only the most evident expression of “European modernity”, but also a mechanism capable of producing secular knowledge, and thence, a modern space. Through the analysis of the personal files of Jawaharlal Nehru and Homi J. Bhab – “fathers” of the Indian nuclear program – and a critical dialogue with earlier literature on the subject, it is argued that nuclear energy produced a semantic field in the discursive space of the nation, which development and refinement acquired the condition sine qua non to achieve “European modernity”.