El rol de la Misión política de Verificación de la ONU en Colombia en apoyo a la reintegración social de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en Meta y Nariño
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
The social reintegration of former FARC-EP combatants is a vital process for post-conflict peace building. Taking into account the role of international organizations such as the UN, we examine how the UN Political Verification Mission in Colombia supported the social reintegration process of ex-combatants in the departments of Meta and Nariño from 2017 to 2019. It analyzes how the approaches of the Verification Mission contributed to this process and how its results had variations according to the security characteristics of the territories, subsidy delivery policies by the State and the ethnic characteristics of the host communities. For this study, a research model was designed to understand the relationships between this international organization and various actors at different levels, especially at the local level. The case study was used as a research method and semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis were used as data collection instruments.
Colombia, social reintegration, ex-combatants, UN Verification MissionColombia, reintegración social, excombatientes, Misión de Verificación de la ONU
Alcaldía de Mesetas (2019). Municipio de Mesetas. http://www.mesetas-meta.gov.co/mapas/el-municipio-en-el-departamento
Alto Comisionado para la Paz (2019). ETCR Buenavista en Mesetas, Meta. http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/construcion-paz/espacios-territoriales-capacitacion-reincorporacion/Paginas/ETCR-Buenavista-Mesetas-Meta.aspx
Álvarez Vanegas, E., y Calderón Pardo, D. (2017). Entornos y Riesgos de Las Zonas Veredales y Los Puntos Transitorios de Normalización. Fundación Ideas para la Paz. https://cdn.ideaspaz.org/media/website/document/588d509ecd0be.pdf
Biel, I., Bolaños, T., Castillo, A., Chamorro, M., y Vallejo, M. (2018). De las Zonas Veredales Transitorias de Normalización a la Paz Territorial Tensiones, conflictos y retos en el suroccidente de Colombia. Fundación Heinrich Böll: Ideas Verdes: Análisis Político, 10, 12-21.
Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU (2017). Informe Del Secretario General Sobre La Mision de Las Naciones Unidas En Colombia. Vol. 275.
Equipo Humanitario Colombia. (2016). Colombia - Informe: Municipio de Tumaco (Nariño) - Zona Rural, Vereda La Variante. https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/160307_flash_update_alto_mira_tumaco_editado.pdf
Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. (2018). Lo que ocurre en Tumaco puede ocurrir en 10 municipios. Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. https://pares.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/TUMACO-1.pdf
Galtung, J. (1976). Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding. Peace, War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research.
Gilligan, M. J., Mvukiyehe, E. N., y Samii, C. (2013). Reintegrating Rebels into Civilian Life: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Burundi. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57(4), 598-626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002712448908.
Granja Agroecológica Autosostenible Uniminuto (2019). Ubicación. https://sites.google.com/site/granjavill/ubicacion
Grueso, R., y Galindo, J. (2011). Comunidades Negras y Procesos de Justicia y Paz en el Contexto de Cosas Inconstitucionales. Embajada de la República Federal de Alemania. https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Documents/Enfoque%20diferencial.pdf
Kaplan, O., y Nussio, E. (2015). Community counts: The social reintegration of ex-combatants in Colombia. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 35(2), 132-153. doi: 10.1177/0738894215614506
Kilroy, W., y Basini, H. (2018). Social Capital Made Explicit: The Role of Norms, Networks, and Trust in Reintegrating Ex-combatants and Peacebuilding in Liberia. International Peacekeeping, 25(3), 349-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2018.1461564
Lederach, J. P. (2005). The moral imagination. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195174542.001.0001
Lederach, J. P. (2007). Construyendo la paz: Reconciliación sostenible en sociedades divididas. Red Gernica.
Lidén, K., Mac Ginty, R., y Richmond, O. P. (2009). Introduction: Beyond Northern Epistemologies of Peace: Peacebuilding Reconstructed?. International Peacekeeping, 16(5), 587-598. doi.org/DOI:10.1080/13533310903303230
Mac Ginty, R. (2010). Hybrid Peace: The Interaction Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up. Security Dialogue, 41, 341-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010610374312
Mac Ginty, R. (2011a). Hybrid peace: How does hybrid peace come about?. En C. D. y S. M. Campbell, Susanna (ed.), A Liberal Peace?: The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding, pp. 209-225. Zed Books. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350218017.ch-012
Mac Ginty, R. (2011b). International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230307032
Miall, H., Ramsbotham, O., y Woodhouse, T. (2016). Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The Prevention, Management and Transformation of Deadly Conflicts. Polity Press.
Molloy, D. (2017). Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. Kumarian Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781626378797
Mouly, C., Hernández Delgado, E., y Giménez, J. (2019). Reintegración social de excombatientes en dos comunidades de paz en Colombia. Análisis Político,32, 3-22. https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v32n95.80822
Muggah, R. (2010). Innovations in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration policy and research. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.
Nussio, E. (2011). How Ex-combatants talk about personal security. Narratives of former paramilitaries in Colombia. Conflict, Security & Development, 11(5), 579-606. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2011.641725
Ozerdem, A. (2013). Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. En R. Mac Ginty (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding, pp. 225-236. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203068175-29
Prado Lallande, J. P. (2016). El liberalism institucional. En J. A. Schiavon Uriegas, A. S. Ortega Ramírez, M. L. Vallejo Olvera y R. Velázquez Flores (eds.), Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales en el siglo XXI: Interpretaciones críticas desde México, pp. 367-385. Asociación Mexicana de Estudios Internacionales.
Revista Semana (agosto 26, 2019). En Tumaco se cocina la tormenta para que la violencia se recicle. https://especiales.semana.com/tumaco/capIntro.html
Richmond, O. P. (2016). Peace in international relations theory. En O. P. Richmond, S. Pogodda y J. Ramović (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Disciplinary and Regional Approaches to Peace, pp. 57-68. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40761-0_5
Schirch, L. (2008). Strategic Peacebuilding: State of the Field. Women in Security Conflict Managemente and Peace.
Schirch, L. (2015). Little Book of Strategic Peacebuilding: A Vision And Framework For Peace With Justice. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
Waldorf, L. (2013). Just peace? Integrating DDR and transitional justice. En C. Lekha Sriram, J. García Godos, J. Herman y M. Ortega (eds.), Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding on the Ground Victims and ex-combatants, p. 313. Routledge.
Willems, R., y Van Leeuwen, M. (2014). Reconciling reintegration: the complexity of economic and social reintegration of ex-combatants in Burundi. Disasters, 39, 316-338. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/disa.12102
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.