Edad de inicio en el consumo, motivos y cantidad de alcohol en la determinación de consecuencias en consumidores intensivos universitarios.
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sep 20, 2016
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Resumen
Las implicaciones clínicas y sociales derivadas del consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) en universitarios motivan la necesidad de analizar los factores que favorecen su aparición. Este estudio evalúa cómo influye la cantidad de alcohol ingerido, la edad de inicio en el consumo de esta sustancia y los motivos asociados a esta conducta en la presencia de un mayor o menor número de consecuencias psicosociales. 312 estudiantes de primero de la Universidad de Valencia que realizan CIA cumplimentaron el instrumento IECI (Cortés et al., 2012): autoregistro de consumo, motivos asociados a esta ingesta y consecuencias psicosociales derivadas. Se confirman resultados de investigaciones precedentes. Ambos sexos duplican los gramos de alcohol que definen un CIA. Aparecen diferencias en los efectos esperados en función del sexo, así como en la edad de inicio en el consumo y en el número de consecuencias experimentadas. Los análisis de regresión de orden jerárquico muestran la importancia de la edad de inicio y los motivos, por encima de los gramos consumidos, para dar cuenta del deterioro psicosocial generado por la ingesta. Esto apoya la necesidad de atender a la combinación de variables en la explicación y posterior intervención para paliar las consecuencias derivadas del CIA.
Keywords
university students, drinking onset, motives, consequences, binge drinking, gender differencesuniversitarios, edad de inicio, motivos, consecuencias, Consumo Intensivo Alcohol, diferencias de género
References
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Cortés, M. T., Espejo, B., & Giménez, J. A. (2007). Características que definen el fenómeno del botellón en universitarios y adolescentes [Characteristics that define the phenomenon of the “botellón” in college and adolescents]. Adicciones, 19(4), 357-372.
Cortés, M. T., Espejo, B., & Giménez, J. A. (2008). Aspectos cognitivos relacionados con la práctica del botellón [Cognitive aspects related to the practice of “botellón”]. Psicothema, 20, 396-402.
Cortés, M. T., Giménez, J. A., Motos, P., & Cadaveira, F. (2014). The importance of expectations in the relationship between impulsivity and binge drinking among university students. Adicciones, 26(2), 134-145.
Cortés, M. T., Giménez, J. A., Tomás, I., Espejo, B., Pascual, F., Pedrero, E., & Guardia, J. (2012). Instrumento de Evaluación del Consumo Intensivo de Alcohol [Intensive Alcohol Consumption Assessment Instrument]. Informe final proyecto de investigación presentado al Plan Nacional sobre Drogas.
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Giménez, J. A. (2011). Análisis de los determinantes cognitivos que subyacen a la conducta de consumo intensivo de alcohol en jóvenes utilizando como marco de referencia la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada [Analysis of cognitive determinants underlying the behavior of heavy alcohol consumption in young people using as a framework the Theory of Planned Behavior] (Tesis doctoral). Valencia: Universitat de Valéncia.
Ham, L. S., & Hope, D. A. (2003). College students and problematic drinking: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 719–759. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00071-0
Harrell, Z. A., & Karim, N. M. (2008). Is gender relevant only for problem alcohol behaviors? An examination of correlates of alcohol use among college students. Addictive Behavior, 33, 359–365. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.014
Hauck-Filho, N., Teixeira, M. A., & Cooper M. L. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R). Addictive Behavior 37, 524-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.023. Epub 2011 Nov 27.
Hingson, R. W., Assailly, J. P., & Williams, A. F. (2004). Underage drinking: Frequency, consequences, and interventions. Traffic Injury Prevention, 5, 228-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389580490465256
Hingson, R. W., & Zha, W. (2009). Age of drinking onset, alcohol use disorders, frequent heavy drinking, and unintentionally injuring oneself and others after drinking. Pediatrics, 123, 1477–1484. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2176
Hingson, R., Zha, W., & Weitzman, E. R. (2009). Magnitude of and trends in alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among US college students ages 18-24. Journal of Study on Alcohol and Drugs, suppl. 16, 12-20.
Jenkins, M. B., Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M. T., Nelson, E. C., Madden, P. A., Bucholz, K. K., & Heath, A. C. (2011). Correlates of alcohol abuse/dependence in early-onset alcohol-using women. Am J Addict 20, 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521- 0391.2011.00151.x.
Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 1180-1189. http://dx.doi. org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000171940.95813.A5
LaBrie, J., & Pedersen, E. (2008). Prepartying promotes heightened risk in the college environment: An event-level report. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 955-959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.011
Livingston, M., Laslett, A. M., & Dietze, P. (2008). Individual and community correlates of young people’s high-risk drinking in Victoria, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend, 98, 241–248. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.002
Lyvers, M., Hasking, P., Hani, R., Rhodes, M., & Trew, E. (2009). Drinking motives, drinking restraint and drinking behavior among young adults. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 116-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. addbeh.2009.09.011
Mäkelä, K., & Mustonen, H. (2000). Relationships of drinking behavior, gender and age with reported negative and positive experiences related to drinking. Addiction, 95, 727-736. http://dx.doi. org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9557278.x
March, J. C., Prieto, M. Á., Danet, A., Escudero, M., López, M., & Luque, N. (2010). El consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes: una aproximación cualitativa desde los docentes [Alcohol use in adolescents: a qualitative approach from teachers]. Trastornos Adictivos, 12(2), 65-71. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S1575-0973(10)70013-1
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Cómo citar
Motos Sellés, P., Cortés Tomás, M. T., & Giménez Costa, J. A. (2016). Edad de inicio en el consumo, motivos y cantidad de alcohol en la determinación de consecuencias en consumidores intensivos universitarios. Universitas Psychologica, 15(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-2.edcm
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