La Teoría de los Fundamentos Morales y la orientación política detrás del apoyo o rechazo al movimiento estudiantil chileno del 2011
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
La presente investigación estudia los fundamentos morales relacionados con el apoyo o rechazo al Movimiento Estudiantil Chileno (MECh) durante las manifestaciones del 2011 (N=170). De acuerdo a los análisis factoriales –exploratorios y confirmatorios–, los fundamentos de daño/cuidado, justicia/engaño, autoridad/subversión y santidad/degradación se comportaron consistentes con la teoría; pero el fundamento de lealtad/traición, se dividió en dos valores: Patriotismo y Lealtad. Los fundamentos de Daño/cuidado y Justicia/engaño se asociaron a posiciones de la izquierda política y al apoyo al MECh; mientras que el patriotismo, la autoridad/subversión y la santidad/degradación se asociaron a la derecha y el rechazo a este. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales evidenció que el daño/cuidado se asociaba directamente al apoyo al movimiento; mientras que la justicia/engaño y la autoridad/subversión estaban mediadas por la orientación política.
moral foundations theory, Chilean student movement, political orientation, attitudes towards policies, attitudes towards social movements, Chilean societyteoría de los fundamentos morales, movimiento estudiantil chileno, orientación política, actitudes hacia las políticas, actitudes hacia los movimientos sociales, sociedad chilena
Bellei, C., Cabalin, C., & Orellana, V. (2014). The 2011 Chilean student movement against neoliberal educational policies. Studies in Higher Education, 39(3), 426-440. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.896179
Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Cabalin, C. (2014). The conservative response to the 2011 Chilean student movement: Neoliberal education and media. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(4), 485-498. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2013.871233
Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Schoen, H., Bain, P. G., Silvester, J., . . . Caprara, M. G. (2017). Basic values, ideological self-placement, and voting: A cross-cultural study. Cross-Cultural Research, 51(4), 388-411. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1069397117712194
Cárdenas, M., & Parra, L. (2010). Adaptación y validación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Autoritarismos de Derechas (RWA) en una muestra chilena. Revista de Psicología, 19(1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2011.17098
Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Contemporánea. (2011). Barómetro de la Política - Agosto - Setiembre. Recuperado de Santiago de Chile: http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20110927/asocfile/20110927120124/1364157_1.pdf
Davies, C. L., Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2014). Confirmatory factor analysis of the moral foundations questionnaire. Social Psychology, 45(6), 431-436. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000201
Federico, C. M., Weber, C. R., Ergun, D., & Hunt, C. (2013). Mapping the connections between politics and morality: The multiple sociopolitical orientations involved in moral intuition. Political Psychology, 34(4), 589-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12006
Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Chapter two - Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. In P. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 55-130). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(5), 1029-1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of personality and social psychology, 101(2), 366-385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847
Gudiño, S., & Fernandez, J. (2014). Los fundamentos morales en bachillerato, un estudio exploratorio. Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 5(9), 44-49. Recuperado de https://www.rieege.mx/index.php/rieege/article/viewFile/180/83
Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. New York: Basic Books.
Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize. Social Justice Research, 20(1), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z
Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2004). Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues. Daedalus, 133(4), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1162/0011526042365555
Hewer, C. J., & Lyons, E. (2018). Political psychology : A social psychological approach. Newark: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118982365
Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Iurino, K., & Saucier, G. (2018). Testing Measurement Invariance of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire Across 27 Countries. Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118817916
Kim, J.-O., & Mueller, C. W. (1978). Factor analysis: Statistical methods and practical issues (Vol. 14). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984256
Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Iyer, R., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012). Tracing the threads: How five moral concerns (especially Purity) help explain culture war attitudes. Journal of research in personality, 46(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.01.006
Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., & Harder, J. (2010). The psychological underpinnings of political behavior. In S. Fiske, D. Gilbert & G. Lendzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (Vol. II). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002034
Larrabure, M., & Torchia, C. (2015). The 2011 Chilean student movement and the struggle for a new left. Latin American Perspectives, 42(5), 248-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X14547506
Low, M., & Wui, M. G. L. (2016). Moral foundations and attitudes towards the poor. Current Psychology, 35(4), 650-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9333-y
Mayol Miranda, A., & Azócar Rosenkranz, C. (2011). Politización del malestar, movilización social y transformación ideológica: el caso “Chile 2011”. Polis, 10(30), 163-184. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-65682011000300008
Nilsson, A., & Erlandsson, A. (2015). The moral foundations taxonomy: Structural validity and relation to political ideology in Sweden. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 28-32.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.049
Pedreira, M. (2014). El movimiento estudiantil chileno: Análisis de las demandas de los estudiantes y del impacto político de las movilizaciones. (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona. Recuperado de https://ddd.uab.cat/record/119181
Piurko, Y., Schwartz, S. H., & Davidov, E. (2011). Basic personal values and the meaning of left-right political rientations in 20 Countries. Political Psychology, 32(4), 537-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x
Pousadela, I. M. (2013). Protest and proposal, participation and representation: the Chilean student movement, 2011-12. Development in Practice, 23(5-6), 685-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2013.800837
Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. R. (2008). Disgust. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions, (3rd ed., pp. 757-776). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Recuperado de https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/web.sas.upenn.edu/dist/7/206/files/2016/09/DgLewisHbk2008-psiby3.pdf
Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2010). Basic personal values, core political values, and voting: A longitudinal analysis. Political Psychology, 31(3), 421-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00764.x
Silver, J. R., & Silver, E. (2017). Why Are Conservatives More Punitive Than Liberals? A Moral Foundations Approach. Law and Human Behavior, 41(3), 258-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000232
Silvino, A. M. D., Pilati, R., Keller, V. N., Silva, E. P., Freitas, A. F. d. P., Silva, J. N., & Lima, M. F. (2016). Adaptação do questionário dos fundamentos morais para o português. Psico-USF, 21(3), 487-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712016210304
Skrondal, A., & Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2004). Generalized latent variable modeling: Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models. Boca Raton, Fla., London: CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203489437
Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hatemi, P. K. (2017). Intuitive ethics and political orientations: Testing moral foundations as a theory of political ideology. American Journal of Political Science, 61(2), 424-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12255
Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J. T., Liviatan, I., & Shrout, P. E. (2007). Psychological needs and values underlying left-right political orientation: Cross-national evidence from Eastern and Western Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(2), 175-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfm008
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), 35-57. https://doi.org/doi:10.1086/406755
Urra, J. (2012). La movilización estudiantil chilena en 2011: Una cronología. Revista del Observatorio Social de América Latina, 13(31), 23-38.
Vainio, A., & Mäkiniemi, J.-P. (2016). How are moral foundations associated with climate-friendly consumption? Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(2), 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-016-9601-3
Yilmaz, O., Harma, M., Bahçekapili, H. G., & Cesur, S. (2016). Validation of the moral foundations questionnaire in Turkey and its relation to cultural schemas of individualism and collectivism. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.090
Zovatto, D., Arana Araya, I., Rojas Silva, N., Mijares, V. M., García Pinzón, V., & Duarte-Recalde, L. R. (2018). El gran ciclo electoral latinoamericano. Iberoamericana, 18(69), 227-254. https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.18.2018.69.227-254