ISSN: 2027-3444 (online) | ISSN: 0120-4319 (print) Universitas Odontologica is an open access scientific peer-reviewed journal that publishes original high-quality dental research originated in and about Ibero-Latin America. Sections of Universitas Odontologica cover different scopes of the dental profession: health care management and professional practice issues; bioethics; basic sciences, biotechnology, and bioinformatics; scientometrics, literature analysis, and scientific writing; dental education; dental materials and laboratory; clinical practice; oral public health and epidemiology; and current topics through thematic dossiers. It is published on a rolling-volume basis, not by issue. We accept manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, but all articles are translated and published only in English including abstracts in those three languages.
Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
This journal is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Thus, this work may be reproduced, distributed, and publicly shared in digital format, as long as the names of the authors and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana are acknowledged. Others are allowed to quote, adapt, transform, auto-archive, republish, and create based on this material, for any purpose (even commercial ones), provided the authorship is duly acknowledged, a link to the original work is provided, and it is specified if changes have been made. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana does not hold the rights of published works and the authors are solely responsible for the contents of their works; they keep the moral, intellectual, privacy, and publicity rights. Approving the intervention of the work (review, copy-editing, translation, layout) and the following outreach, are granted through an use license and not through an assignment of rights. This means the journal and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana cannot be held responsible for any ethical malpractice by the authors. As a consequence of the protection granted by the use license, the journal is not required to publish recantations or modify information already published, unless the errata stems from the editorial management process. Publishing contents in this journal does not generate royalties for contributors.
Editorial: Universitas Odontologica in the Digital Era
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Enrique Delgado Troncoso, Sandra Cecilia Delgado Troncoso http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Restoration Thickness on Fracture Resistance of Two CAD-CAM Polymeric Materials for Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers
Background: Modern dentistry focuses on preserving dental structures using treatments that provide strength and are minimally invasive. Occlusal veneers, thin restorations requiring simple preparations, represent conservative alternatives to full crowns. Purpose: To compare the effect of thickness on the fracture resistance of occlusal veneers made from two block polymeric materials. Methods: This experimental in vitro and ex vivo study used 60 healthy premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes, divided into six groups (N=10) based on the resin used: Crios® (Coltene) and Tetric CAD® (Ivoclar Vivadent), with three thicknesses (i.e., 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm). A standardized dental preparation simulated advanced occlusal erosion. Veneers were fabricated using digital scans with an Omnicam® scanner (Dentsply Sirona), CAD-CAM design, and milling with a Cerec InLab MC X5® machine. They were then sandblasted and adhesively cemented with Relyx U200®. Fracture resistance tests were conducted on a universal testing machine (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed in nine groups. Tetric CAD® at 0.8 mm showed the highest resistance (1790 N and 149.2 MPa), while Crios® at 0.4 mm showed the lowest resistance (1053.8 N and 87.8 MPa). All groups withstood average forces between 1000 N and 1800 N. Conclusions: Both Tetric CAD® and Brilliant Crios® are viable options for minimally invasive rehabilitation. At lower thicknesses (0.4 mm), Tetric CAD® performed better. Increasing thickness (0.8 mm) improved resistance but also raised the risk of fracture.
Copyright (c) 2024 Carlos Arturo García Aycardi, Gustavo Alberto Ramírez Fuentes, Juan Carlos Vergel Rodríguez, Edgar Enrique García Hurtado, Adriana Rodríguez Ciódaro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors related to the research interest presented by undergraduate Stomatology students
Background: Despite the existence of strategies and innovations that stimulate research culture, in many cases, interest in research is diminished or limited. Objective: To determine the factors that is related to research interest in undergraduate students of a Stomatology career. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed that randomly included undergraduate students of the Stomatology career at the Universidad Científica del Sur (Lima-Peru). The face-to-face survey technique was used through a questionnaire and a scale. The dimensions included: interest in research itself, writing scientific articles, publication of articles, participation in scientific events and future dedication. Results: A total of 195 students were surveyed, 61 % were female. 35.1 % (n= 13) of males and 47.1 % (n=56) of females agreed to be interested in scientific research (p=0.041). 51.3 % (n= 100) presented medium interest in research, followed by 25.1% (n=49) with high interest and 23.6% (n=46) with low interest. Students in the different academic years presented mostly medium interest in research (p = 0.011). Regular students presented high interest in research (29 %; n=11). Conclusion: The majority of students in the Stomatology program presented a medium to high level of interest in scientific research. Statistically significant differences were found between men and women. Females presented greater interest in scientific research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anapaula Castillo Arana, Brígida Llacsa Huayta, Yuri Castro-Rodríguez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Caries en personas en condición de discapacidad: estudio bibliométrico
Antecedentes: Las enfermedades bucales, entre ellas la caries, presentan un desafío significativo para la salud mundial. La literatura científica ha abordado esta problemática en personas con discapacidad (PcD) y surge la necesidad de analizar las tendencias en la investigación sobre el tema. Objetivo: Analizar algunos indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica en relación con caries dental en PcD. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico. Se realizaron búsquedas avanzadas y sistemáticas en Pubmed, Dimensions.ai, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science y Epistemonikos. Dos revisores realizaron la selección de los estudios de manera independiente, asegurándose de que cumplieran con los criterios de selección: investigaciones sobre caries en PcD, sin límite de fecha de publicación ni idioma. Se utilizó Microsoft Excel y el software Vos viewer 1.6.16 para el análisis de los indicadores bibliométricos y las representaciones gráficas. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 2878 resultados, de los cuales 351 documentos fueron seleccionados. Los documentos abarcaron desde 1953 hasta la actualidad, mostrando picos en las décadas de 1980 y 2010. El inglés fue el idioma predominante con un 93.16%. La multidiscapacidad fue el tipo más estudiado (166 artículos). Cuatro autores destacaron en coautoría. Las palabras clave más frecuentes fueron "Dental caries" y "Child", indicando cambios en los enfoques de investigación a lo largo del tiempo. Conclusión: Estos resultados ofrecen una visión de la evolución temática en la investigación sobre discapacidad a lo largo del tiempo. Se recomienda explorar otros indicadores para obtener una comprensión más completa de la investigación en esta área, así como continuar analizando la producción científica.
Scientometrics, Scientific Reading and Writing
Copyright (c) 2024 Juan Camilo Tocora Rodríguez, Julián Andrés Bayona Uribe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adhesive Resistance of Bovine Teeth with Dental Bleaching with Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide with/without Calcium
Background: Tooth whitening is a widely used aesthetic technique; however, some bleaching agents can affect enamel adhesive strength. There is interest in determining the effects of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, with and without calcium, on this property. Purpose: To evaluate the differences in enamel adhesive strength in bovine teeth subjected to tooth whitening with ozone, hydrogen peroxide with calcium, and hydrogen peroxide without calcium. Methods: An experimental study with an in vitro design was used. 75 bovine lower anterior incisors were divided into three groups (n=25 per group). The respective bleaching treatments were applied, and adhesive strength was measured using a digital universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Measurements were taken at 24 hours, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between groups at 24 hours (p = 0.0044) and 7 days (p = 0.0026). The highest adhesive strength was recorded with 35% hydrogen peroxide with calcium at 21 days (11.50 ± 2.27 MPa). In all three groups, strength progressively increased over time. Conclusion: The type of bleaching agent and the time elapsed after treatment influence the adhesive strength of the enamel. Hydrogen peroxide with calcium showed the best performance at 21 days.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Enrique Bazán Ponce de León, María Angélica Fry Oropeza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Dentistry in Ecosustainable Development in Latin America
Background: Climate change is the global variation in the climate on earth due to natural causes and pollution, gas emissions and carbon dioxide. Dentistry must actively participate to be eco-sustainable. Purpose: To analyze the role that Latin American dentistry should play to promote eco-sustainable development. Methods: An exploratory review of the literature was conducted in the databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The search terms were sustainable development, Latin America, environmental medicine, environmental responsibility, dentistry, and oral health. Results: A framework for sustainable development is first established based on the analysis of three pillars (environment, economy and society) and the objectives of sustainable development. Second, the need to enact policies and recognize the importance of this issue by the dental profession and its impact on the environment is emphasized. Third, fundamental elements for eco-sustainable dentistry are listed. Fourth, a model of good practices for the dental office is introduced. Conclusions: In Latin America, the commitment of the dental profession is to work institutionally and individually to provide eco-sustainable oral health. In the current context, the joint work of public and private institutions is required. Dentistry must modify the factors that support current behaviors and practices. Concrete actions must be implemented towards sustainability in oral health care, based on scientific evidence to reduce, reuse, recycle and rethink care policies, waste management, distribution logistics, education, research and production of eco-sustainable materials.
Copyright (c) 2023 Melania González y Rivas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of Quality of Care Among Adult Patients in a University Hospital in Asunción, Paraguay
Background: The present document constitutes a study on the perception of the quality of care among adult users in the outpatient and emergency services of a hospital located in the metropolitan area of the city of Asunción, Paraguay, during the period from November to December 2014. It is worth noting that this evaluation took place before the reform of the corresponding spaces, specifically in the emergency and outpatient services for adults. Purpose: To describe the perception of users (patients) regarding the quality of health care and identify processes that may require adjustments to improve the quality of care in the emergency and outpatient services for adults, from the perspective of users who used these services daily in the year 2014. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach through a CQC questionnaire. Results: 99.2 % of emergency users and 99.6 % of outpatient users would recommend the hospital's service. These data reflect the overall satisfaction of users with the services provided by this prominent national hospital, demonstrating their willingness to return on future occasions, with percentages of 99.4 % and 99.3 % in emergency and outpatient users, respectively. Conclusion: it is relevant to emphasize the high satisfaction experienced by respondents regarding the medical care received during the analyzed period.
Health Administration and Professional Practice
Copyright (c) 2023 José Francisco Flores-Alatorre, Édgar Daniel Giménez-Caballero, Cristina Raquel Caballero-Garcia, Néstor Peralta-Garay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incidence of Sleep Disturbances, Stress and Possible Bruxism Presence among Dental Students
Background: One of the most prevalent conditions in the population is bruxism, which is defined as the repetitive activity of the jaw muscles that involves clenching, grinding of the teeth, and jaw thrusting. There is no scientific evidence about the stress levels that dental students are subjected to and its relationship with waking and sleeping bruxism and its poor quality. Objective: To determine the relationship between the presence of waking or sleeping bruxism with the level of sleep quality and stress in students in the 3rd and 5th year of Dentistry and to analyze whether there are significant differences according to gender and between courses. Methods: An observational study was carried out based on data collection through surveys and a descriptive design. 125 students participated in the study by completing three questionnaires. These three variables to be studied were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale and Self-reported Bruxism Questionnaire. Results: 3rd and 5th year undergraduate dental students presented a high prevalence of sleep disorders and a low prevalence of waking and sleeping bruxism. Statistically significant differences were found at the gender level and between courses. Conclusions: It is established that poor sleep quality and high levels of stress can have a negative impact on student concentration and performance as well as being part of the initiation and development of parafunctional habits.
Dossier: Temporomandibular Disorders, Orofacial Pain, Bruxism, and Sleep Apnea
Copyright (c) 2023 Claudia Bazán Puig, Jordi Tomàs Aliberas, Óscar Figueras Álvarez, Natalia Felipe Spada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of the Number of Main Canals in a Tooth: Deciphering Potential Mechanisms
Background: Although millions of root canal treatments are performed globally on a daily basis, factors that determine the number of main root canals in a tooth have not yet been elucidated. Variations in the number of root canals in different teeth is of utmost importance in clinical practice. However, clinicians aren´t aware about the determinants of such number, let alone these determinants have been approached in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. Purpose: This narrative review aimed to integrate the potential mechanisms involved in determining the number of main canals in a permanent tooth. Methods: We used the search terms “root canal number,” “root canal morphology,” “tooth morphology,” “root development,” and “root formation” to identify articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases. Results: 57 articles and 2 books were obtained. A multifactorial basis is plausible considering the influence of anthropological, demographic, environmental, genetic, epigenetic, tooth size related mechanisms and the pivotal role of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. Live-cell imaging techniques, mathematical models, quantitative genetics and dental phenomics could provide insightful information in the near future. Conclusions: Overall, it seems that the potential mechanisms determining the number of main canals in a tooth have a multifactorial basis. The orchestrating role of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath seems pivotal, although the speciﬁc regulatory signals that induce or repress its diaphragmatic processes remain unknown. However, there is a dire need for molecular studies that help unveil these and other potential mechanisms involved.
Basic Sciences, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
Copyright (c) 2023 Andrea Alejandra Moreno Robalino, José Luis Álvarez Vásquez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Vulnerability to stress and self-perception of bruxism in undergraduate students of a health faculty.
Background: Health students are more likely to present vulnerability to stress, this can negatively affect their physical well-being and increase the probability of disorders such as bruxism. Objective: To establish the presence of vulnerability to stress and its relationship with the self-perception of bruxism in undergraduate students of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and dentistry at the Universidad del Valle. Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out in 168 undergraduate students enrolled in 2023 in the physiotherapy, occupational therapy and dentistry programs of the Universidad del Valle, San Fernando campus, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The variables were vulnerability to stress and self-perception of bruxism. Results: More than 52% experienced elevated levels of stress, and more than 60% reported suffering from bruxism with symptoms such as headaches. Associations were identified between bruxism and variables such as gender, academic program, socioeconomic status, employment, and stress. Males were 48% less likely to have bruxism than females. Occupational therapy showed a greater likelihood of bruxism, and higher levels of stress were associated with a greater likelihood of bruxism. This study underscores the importance of addressing stress and bruxism in health students. Conclusion: Health students show different levels of vulnerability to stress, related to the following
Copyright (c) 2024 Karolain Brisbany Guacas Benavides, Paola Vanessa Arévalo Revelo, Sebastián Burbano Pérez, Maria Fernanda Medicis Delgado, Carlos Martínez, Sandra Moreno Correa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between Mandibular Condyle Position and Dental Wear Pattern in Individuals with Sleep Bruxism Clinical Diagnosis
Objective: To establish the relationship between the condylar position of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with the dental wear patterns determined with the Bruxchecker®, in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of sleep bruxism. Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 45 patients with clinical diagnosis of sleep bruxism, according to the bruxism diagnostic criteria of the AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine), with an average age of 34.9 ± 8.6. The CBCT were analyzed, measuring the spaces of the TMJ in the sagittal plane: anterior, superior and posterior (SA, SS, SP) and in the coronal plane: lateral, superior and medial (Cl, CS, CM). The pattern of dental wear was classified with the Bruxchecker® by dividing the subjects into: Group 1, canine pattern (CP) with 19 subjects and Group 2, molar pattern (MP) with 26 subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between the measurements of the joint spaces of each group nor in the comparison between the PC vs PM patterns. The sagittal position of the condyle posterior/anterior(P/A) was posterior and the coronal medial/lateral (M/L) was medial for the two groups, when evaluating the ratios. Significant difference (P <0.00) was found in right pattern CP and MP, when estimating the difference between averages of medial and lateral spaces. Conclusions: The position of the condyle was found posterior and medial in the articular fossa, in the right CP and in the left MP. A significant right lateral condyle position was evidenced in PC and PM. These findings indicate an altered condylar position in subjects with bruxism, which can be associated with joint distraction, possibly generated by constant eccentric mandibular movements during bruxism.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ivonne Casalins Rolong, Judith Patricia Barrera Chaparro, Karen Julieth Bonilla, Sofía Hernández Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Evaluation of possible dna damage to the oral mucosa cells using the micronucleus test in pediatric patients with” (00535-ext2023
Antecedentes: Los materiales de ortodoncia y ortopedia están hechos de acero inoxidable, con elementos químicos como níquel y cromo, generalmente asociados a efectos alergénicos e hipersensibilidad, expresadas a nivel local. Objetivos: Determinar por la prueba de micronúcleos en células de mucosa bucal, el daño al ADN en pacientes sometidos a ortopedia metálica removible. Métodos: Las muestras se recolectaron antes de la adaptación del aparato y 30 días después se recogieron las células bucales en las mejillas con un cepillo citológico, las placas fueron sumergidas en un coplin con solución Light Green al 0.2% durante 1 minuto, luego enjuagadas con agua desionizada o Milli Q para retirar el exceso de colorante y posteriormente dispuestas en una plancha para secado entre 50ºC y 80ºC de 10 a 15 minutos. Resultados: después de 1 mes de tratamiento ortopédico se observó un aumento significativo en la frecuencia de células con micronúcleos, brotes nucleares y cariorrexis. No se observaron cambios ni evidencia de un aumento en células con cromatina condensada. Conclusiones: Las etapas de alteración nuclear que tuvieron lugar en el desarrollo de este estudio fueron frecuencia de MN, brotes nucleares y cariorrexis registrándose mayor frecuencia en la segunda toma de muestra, atribuido a la presencia de aparatología removible en los pacientes. La picnosis, cariolisis y cariorrexis no constituyen etapas de la alteración nuclear, siendo esta ultima la de la mayor tendencia observada en la primera y la segunda toma, encontrándose un aumento significativo en número, atribuido a la presencia de aparatología removible.
Dossier: Research Incubators in Dentistry
Copyright (c) 2024 Francina María Escobar Arregocés, Adriana Jaramillo Echeverry, Juliana Sánchez Garzón, Ingrid Isabel Mora Díaz, Jorge Enrique Delgado-Troncoso, Sandra Cecilia Delgado Troncoso http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF CHLORINATED SOLUTIONS IN THE WATER TANKS AND WATER LINES OF DENTISTRY CONSULTING UNITS IN THE CITY OF BARRANQUILLA.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF CHLORINATED SOLUTIONS IN THE WATER TANKS AND WATER LINES OF DENTISTRY CONSULTING UNITS IN THE CITY OF BARRANQUILLA. SUMMARY Background. The characteristics of the water lines of the dental units (LAUD) allow the creation of biofilm that can be the cause of cross-infection between patients and health personnel. The use of antimicrobial chlorine solutions added to the water tank has been recommended for other purposes. Objective. To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorinated solutions in tanks and LAUD of dental offices in Barranquilla. Methods. Experimental study carried out in 13 dental units where the presence of microorganisms was observed from a first sample and the effect of the chlorinated solution on the microorganisms found after 14 days of the use of the solution. Results. In the first sample, growth of mesophiles greater than 200 CFU was observed in 66.6%, total coliforms greater than 2 CFU in 58%, E. coli in 16%, Pseudomona in 33% and growth of fungi in syringe spray in 66.6%. In the second sample, Mesophilic growth was observed in triple syringe in 25%. In the spray syringe, 8.3% and in the high piece 8.3%, no growth of total coliforms or E. coli was observed. E. coli, pseudomonas growth was observed in 16% in triple syringe and fungi in 8.3%. Conclusions. The chlorinated solution had an antimicrobial effect.
Copyright (c) 2024 Pedro Pablo Mejía Fernández, Marisol Sánchez Molina, Heidi Posso Mendoza, María Cecilia León Peña, Carlos Arturo Salcedo Doria, Mary Elen Delgado Nadjar, Carlos Andrés Noriega Suárez, Angie Tatiana Márquez Medina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Histopathological Diagnosis of 1,978 Oral Lesions over a Period of 22 Years in Cali, Colombia. A Retrospective Study
Purpose: Determine the frequency of histopathological diagnoses of 1978 biopsies of oral lesions in a period of 20 years in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted on 1978 histopathological diagnoses of biopsies of lesions in the oral cavity carried out during the period 2000-2022. The research is carried out in compliance with ethical requirements. The information was obtained from the records of biopsy reports of two oral pathologists from the city of Cali, the data collection was conducted by the seedbeds of 3 universities in Cali previously trained and calibrated. The information was unified in a single Excel database, the inclusion criteria were any age, any sex and complete reports. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with the IBM SPSS Statics program. Results: Of the 1978 reports, 39 % corresponded to the male gender and 61% to the female gender. The average age was 45.33 ± 17.5 (Range 2-93). The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was hyperplasia (23.8 %), followed by granulomas (15.07 %). The gum (17.09 %), the periapical area (16.03 %) and the lips (13.30 %) were the sites that reported the most lesions. Histologically, connective tissue (51.82 %) and epithelial tissue (25.63 %) were the most reported, and the excisional biopsy technique was the most used (79.22 %). Conclusion: Hyperplastic oral lesions were the most frequent, they occurred more in women, in any site of the oral cavity and at any age. Proper diagnosis, performing biopsies and increasing evidence at the local and national level are especially important.
Copyright (c) 2024 Harold Samuel Noguera Oll, Óscar Fernando Orejuela Charria, Johana Jaramillo, Andrés Mera, Carlos Tasamá, Dolly Aristizábal, Carlos Martínez, Paola Escobar, Sandra Amaya Sánchez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tratamiento del ronquido con Dispositivo de Avance Mandibular y Laser de fotobiomodulación: Una excelente combinación.
El ronquido es un ruido molesto que afecta la convivencia, la salud y la calidad de vida de quien lo padece y de los que están en su entorno. Existen alternativas de tratamiento que de forma individual pueden mejorar la situación del paciente pero que muchas veces no resuelven por completo el problema. Surge entonces la posibilidad de combinar dos o más alternativas para poder tratar de forma eficaz el ronquido. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es mostrar la evidencia existente sobre el uso del tratamiento Laser de fotobiomodulación Nightlase y de los Dispositivos de Avance Mandibular para tratar los ronquidos, y de la sinergia positiva que supone utilizarlos de forma conjunta.
Copyright (c) 2023 Pedro Mayoral Sanz, Marcela Bisheimer Chemez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Treatment of Snoring with a Mandibular Advancement Device and Laser Photo-stimulation. Narrative Review
Bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea are two entities that occur together in a high number of patients. The consequences of these are relevant both for oral health and for the general health and quality of life of those affected. Identification, diagnosis and treatment are an essential part of the clinical activity of dentists. The use by dentists of mandibular advancement devices allows these two problems to be addressed with a single device. For the proper treatment and management of these patients, it is necessary for the dentist to have adequate training. In this review article we present an updated summary of the scientific evidence on the association of bruxism and apnea, as well as management by the dentist with mandibular advancement devices.
Copyright (c) 2023 Pedro Mayoral Sanz, Manuel Lagravere Vich, Leopoldo Correa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among University Students in Northeastern Colombia During the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: academic training processes during the COVID-19 pandemic were supported by information technologies. However, the conditions of the setting where synchronous meetings take place as well as the disposition of the students can influence the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders. Purpose: to identify factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in dental students from northeastern Colombia who received virtual classes mediated by information technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional analytical study in students who received classes in virtual mode during social isolation due to COVID-19. The validated Kuorinka questionnaire was applied, with sociodemographic variables and postural practices during virtual classes. The association was evaluated with the Chi2 tests or Fischer's test with p <0.05 considered statistical significance. Results: a total of 170 participated (71.8 % women), median age of 20 years (IQR:19-22). In general, 81.8 % reported the presence of a musculoskeletal disorder in at least one anatomical site (upper limb), with the back being the most bothersome (70 %) and generating the need to change the workplace (64.1 %). The use of an inappropriate chair (neck disorder) and the lack of stretching as the use of an inappropriate table (shoulder disorder) were identified as associated factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was reported in dental students. Postural hygiene is a determining factor for the appearance of these events derived from remote classes mediated by technology.
information and communication technologies
Copyright (c) 2024 Andrea Johana Almario Barrera, Claudia Alejandra Orgulloso Bautista, Alison del Carmen Padrón Merlano, Jeison Andrés Díaz Cetina, Yeny Zulay Castellanos Domínguez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Simultaneous Audio Recording and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint
Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder is a complex disease requiring multimodal treatment and often a delayed diagnosis. Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneously recording joint sounds while obtaining 3-tesla cine-magnetic resonance imaging (3T cine-MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A secondary objective pertains to optimization of a dynamic TMJ imaging protocol to maximize image quality and speed while maintaining synchronicity. Methods: Investigators enrolled four subjects (August 2018 to August 2019) eliciting audible joint sounds during continuous open-close jaw movements during clinical evaluation at the New York University College of Dentistry. A contact fiber-optic microphone (OptiRhythm 4130, Optoacoustics, Yehuda Israel) was utilized to record joint sounds elicited with functional movements during MR dynamic imaging at NYU Langone Health and all data was recorded appropriately. Results: Results of this feasibility study demonstrate the successful integration of audio and 3-Tesla MR imaging for the TMJ in all subjects. This protocol was shown to be well-tolerated by the subjects. A precise correlation of the movement of TMJ structures within cine-MRI images and with audible observations was achieved and assessed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon and an experienced radiologist. Conclusion: This protocol for simultaneous audio/cine-MRI is a viable tool for studying TMJ health and disease. In future studies, we anticipate this protocol will ultimately refine our understanding of TMJ sounds and their relation to anatomy, physiology, and pathology. In addition, we hope to establish a diagnostic aid to more precisely guide surgical and non-surgical decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yoav Nudell, Juliana Gomez, Elizabeth F. Vaynblat, Mari Hagiwara, Robert S. Glickman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influencia del eje Hipotalámico Hipofisiario Suprarrenal en los Trastornos Temporomandibulares
Antecedentes. Durante algún tiempo se ha tratado de explicar la relación existente entre los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM) con factores psicobiológicos. Se ha determinado que el estrés psicológico produce alteraciones químicas en el organismo, siendo una de ellas el aumento de los niveles de cortisol regulado por el eje Hipotalámico Hipofisiario Suprarrenal (HPA), el cual, desencadena cambios corporales fisiológicos y/o patológicos y entre ellos se ha mencionado a los TTM. Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la influencia del eje hipotalámico hipofisario suprarrenal en los trastornos temporomandibulares y los métodos para determinar los niveles de cortisol que se han propuesto en la literatura basados en la evidencia más actual. Materiales y métodos. El presente es un estudio descriptivo que consiste en una revisión de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en bases digitales como: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct y Cochrane desde el 2008 hasta el año 2022. Se incluyeron estudios de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, revisiones de la literatura y estudios in vivo e in vitro. Resultados: Se identificaron 220 artículos en la búsqueda de selección inicial de los cuales 27 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la evidencia actual relaciona la dinámica alterada del eje HPA con el desarrollo fisiopatológico de los TTM, en donde, el cortisol se encuentra en mayores concentraciones, el mismo que puede cuantificarse de preferencia mediante el análisis en cabello.
Copyright (c) 2024 Daniela Belén Durán Urdiales, Elvita Paola Cárdenas Gómez, María Verónica Benalcázar Arias, Sandra Daniela Armijos Freire, Andrea Michelle Astudillo Uchupaille, Wilson Daniel Bravo Torres http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of oral health-related quality of life before the first step and after the second step of periodontal therapy
Background: Periodontal research has focused on clinical outcomes of periodontitis and in a lesser extent on patient-reported outcomes. Objective: The objectives of this study were to 1) determine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before the first step and after the second step of periodontitis therapy and 2) compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with changes in OHRQoL. Methods: Patients with periodontitis that had never been treated with subgingival plaque instrumentation were recruited. Clinical parameters were recorded. A questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic data, smoking status, and pain. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate OHRQoL before the first step and after the second step of periodontitis therapy. Results: Fifty-one participants completed the study, 19 men and 32 women, mean age 46.88 years ±11.16. OHIP-14 total score decreased from 16.98±11.48 to 8.41±9.06 after treatment. Improvements in physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap accounted for the changes. The most frequent periodontal staging was stage III. As for grading, Grade A was diagnosed in 16 (31.37%) participants, Grade B in 16 (31.37%), and Grade C in 17 (33.33%). Mean plaque index was 61.4% ± 17.6 before the first step of periodontitis therapy and 22.8% ±10.6 after. Pain in the last month decreased after periodontal care. No differences in OHRQoL changes were detected when comparing age categories, gender, and educational level. Better scores were reported from non-smokers, before and after therapy (p=0.003). Conclusion: Periodontal therapy had a positive impact on self-perceived quality of life of patients.
Copyright (c) 2023 Andrés Fernández-Gudiño, María Amalia Cruz-Morera, Mariana Vega-Cruz, Sofía Quesada-Romero, Juan Ignacio Alvarado-Echeverría, Mercedes Vargas-Godínez, Lucía Piedra-Hernández, Adrián Gómez-Fernández, Karol Ramírez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Description of alterations in feeding and swallowing and chewing functions in children with Down Syndrome: Exploratory Review”
Background. Down syndrome is the most prevalent genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability, characterized by affecting multiple body systems, including the orofacial system, which is linked to vital functions, such as swallowing and chewing, essential for the feeding process. Objective: To explore and describe the characteristics of swallowing and chewing in children with Down Syndrome. Methods. Three advanced searches were performed in Pubmed, using the following key terms and Boolean operators: (down syndrome) AND (feeding disorders) NOT (review); (down syndrome) AND ((deglutition disorders) OR (dysphagia)) NOT (review); and (down syndrome) AND ((chewing disorders) OR (masticatory dysfunction)) NOT (review). In CINAHL Complete EBSCO, three searches were performed using the terms (down syndrome) AND (deglutition disorders) OR (dysphagia); (down syndrome) AND (feeding disorders) NOT (review); and (down syndrome) AND ((chewing disorders) OR (masticatory dysfunction)) NOT (review). Finally, three searches were made in Embase, using the same terms that were used in Pubmed. Results. After performing the search, a total of 279 articles were found, and after the selection process, 8 articles were included. In addition, reviewing the references of the chosen articles, two studies were included. Conclusions. Children with Down Syndrome present alterations in feeding and swallowing and chewing functions, from an early age, therefore, it is required that the professionals involved in the habilitation and rehabilitation of these functions detect them in time, in order to provide timely treatment to each patient and their family.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lorena Ester Sepúlveda Veja, Pablo Martín Méndez, Patricia Vázquez Fernández, Daniel Carreño Henríquez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Imaging Evaluation of Morphological Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint of Growing Patients Treated with Functional Appliances. Systematic Review
Background: A wide range of functional devices allow stimulating mandibular growth in class II patients, through mandibular advancement; managing to correct this type of skeletal and occlusal disharmony. Fixed repositioning appliances apply constant forces to the TMJ and may cause remodeling of the articular condyle and glenoid fossa. Computed tomography (CT) has been the gold standard for imaging the bone and hard tissues of the TMJ, but today cone beam computed tomography (HCCT) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) are used, because of their low and zero levels, respectively, of radiation. Objective: to measure morphological changes through TMJ imaging evaluation after correction of class II malocclusion with functional treatment with appliances in growing patients Methods: a comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted from January 2015 to May 2023 in the following bibliographic databases PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Results: 10 studies were selected. The total sample size was 210 patients, and the age range was 10.3 to 14 years. The main imaging method used was HCCT with n = 9. Conclusions: The main change described is condylar remodeling, followed by morphological adaptation of the fossa. Although no significant differences have been reported in morphological changes in the TMJ between fixed versus removable functional appliances, fixed appliances cause a higher incidence of morphological changes.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jordi Tomàs Aliberas, Catalina Pizarro Lavin, Dídac Sotorra Figuerola, Natalia Felipe Spada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUACIÓN DE POSIBLES DAÑOS EN EL ADN DE CÉLULAS DE MUCOSA BUCAL USANDO EL TEST DE MICRONÚCLEOS EN PACIENTES PEDIÁTRI-COS CON APARATOLOGÍA REMOVIBLE
Objectives: To determine the existence of DNA damage in healthy patients undergoing removable metal orthopedic treatment through micronucleus test in oral mucosa cells. Methods: Samples were collected before the appliance adaptation and 30 days later, the buccal cells of each individual were collected by gently brushing the internal part of the cheeks with a cytological brush. The plates were immersed in a Coplin jar with 0.2% Light Green solution for 1 minute, and then were rinsed with deionized water or Milli Q to remove excess dye. Later, these were placed on a drying plate between 50ºC and 80ºC for 10 to 15 minutes. Results: Compared with the initial samples, after 1 month of orthopedic treatment, a significant increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei, nuclear budding and karyorrhexis was observed. No changes or evidence of an increase were observed in cells with condensed chromatin. Conclusions: The stages of nuclear alteration that took place during the development of this study were MN frequency, nuclear budding and karyorrhexis, registering a higher frequency in the second sampling and attributed to the presence of removable appliances in the patients. Pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis do not constitute stages of nuclear alteration, the latter being the one with the greatest trend observed in the first and second sampling. For this stage a significant increase in number was found, attributed to the presence of removable appliances in the patients.
Copyright (c) 2023 Martha LIgia Vergara Mercado, Shirley Salcedo Arteaga, Lyda Marcela Espitia Pérez, Luis David Hoyos Estrada, Valeria Andrea Gómez Montiel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethical behavior of dentists and oral health specialists in electronic social networks: Publication of photographs of clinical cases
Aim: To evaluate the ethical behavior in social media of dentists and oral health specialists concerning the publication of photographs of clinical cases. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study that evaluated the ethical behavior in social media of dentists and oral health specialists regarding the publication of photographs of clinical cases. A structured survey with 20 questions was applied to obtain information on the use of Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. A p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 127 participants, 60% publish photographs of clinical cases on their social media, ignoring any ethical protocol. 18.11% have read the Code of Ethics of the Colombian Dentist and 18% have read the internal policies of social media. 7% do not believe they are committing a failure to professional ethics when publishing photographs in which the patient can be identified. Conclusions: Most of the participants in this study are unaware of the ethical and legal implications of the publications of clinical cases on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, associated with the violation of intimacy, privacy and confidentiality of professional medical secrecy.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alejandra Guerrero-Arias, Zaira Jiménez-Agudelo, Bruno Gutiérrez-Quiceno, Freddy Moreno-Gómez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN CONDYLAR HYPERPLASIA: FROM DIAGNOSIS TO TREATMENT MONITORING.
Background:Condylar hyperplasia is an abnormal growth that affects the temporomandibular joint caused by hyperactive cells in the mandibular condyle. Thought to be relatively rare, the exact frequency of this condition is unknown. High condylectomy is one of the surgical treatments for this. Objective: To describe the clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics of the pathology of two patients with active condylar hyperplasia, in order to emphasize the specific surgical treatment of condylar hyperplasia without the need for additional management with orthognathic surgery and its satisfactory evolution. Presentation of cases: The presentation of two clinical cases of active condylar hyperplasia in young female and male patients respectively, which refer to observing changes both in the face and at the dental level related to asymmetry, which were managed by surgical intervention of condylectomies on the right and left side in the order given. Conclusions: Condylar hyperplasia is a pathological disorder characterized by generating asymmetries and facial deformations, deviations, malocclusions, functional, aesthetic and psychological alterations, with condylectomy being the procedure of choice in active HC, which can be complemented with orthognathic and orthodontic surgery.
Copyright (c) 2023 Eilien Gisek Tovío-Martínez, Samuel Enrique Urbano del Valle, Leidy Laura Giraldo-Rendón, Jarlinson Córdoba-Mosquera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes in Knowledge and Oral Hygiene After Educational Interventions Conducted at an Educational Center in Managua, Nicaragua
Background: Despite the growing awareness of the importance of general and oral health through educational interventions, there are still gaps in understanding and implementing effective strategies to address health issues in specific groups of population. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effect of such interventions. Purpose: To assess the effect of educational interventions on general and oral health conducted with students of the Eduardo Contreras Educational Center in Managua, Nicaragua. Methods: We conducted a study with a quasi-experimental design. It focused on assessing knowledge about general and oral health through a questionnaire and oral hygiene skills through the O’Leary index of students of the Eduardo Contreras Educational Center in Residential Las Colinas, Managua. Assessments were performed before and after the educational intervention. Results: 174 students participated in the study. The students’ average knowledge scores about general and oral health before and after the educational intervention were 9.66 and 10.76 points, respectively (p < 0.001). O'Leary index averages before and after the intervention was 28.28 % and 12.98 %, respectively, with a difference of 15.3 % (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Knowledge increased, and dental plaque decreased after implementing the educational interventions among the students of the Eduardo Contreras Educational Center who participated in the study. The findings suggested the interventions were successful.
Copyright (c) 2024 María Mercedes Castro Sánchez, Juan Ramón Vanegas Sáenz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Abordaje quirúrgico con láser de diodo de un lipoma intramuscular en la lengua.
Introducción: Los tumores en el región maxilofacial son de gran interés para la estomatología. Un lipoma es tumor mesenquimal benigno formado por tejido adiposo subcutáneo, que crecen lentamente sin presentar signos clínicos, aunque si pueden presentar compresión y desplazamiento de estructuras anatómicas circundantes. Es poco frecuente encontrar lipomas en la cavidad oral en forma intramuscular, siendo más frecuente encontrarlos en la mucosa y piso oral o en la lengua en la capa submucosa. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar el abordaje quirúrgico con láser en un paciente adulto con un lipoma intramuscular en la lengua con crecimiento acelerado. Reporte de caso: un paciente de 57 años, masculino, que presentaba este lipoma en la cara lateral izquierda de la lengua y la vinculación entre el crecimiento descontrolado del lipoma luego de que el paciente sufriera un evento de alto nivel de estrés. Para explicar el crecimiento del lipoma buscamos sistemáticamente la vinculación entre el estrés y la respuesta neurobiológica al mismo El estudio histopatológico confirmo el diagnostico de un tumor adiposo benigno. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó la cirugía con Laser de diodo (WISER 3®) con 3 longitudes de onda; que permitió la excisión quirúrgica sin la utilización de anestesia y un posquirúrgico rápido y sin complicaciones. Por otro lado, se trabajó en una revisión de la literatura para explicar la vinculación entre el estrés y el crecimiento del lipoma. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico y el abordaje quirúrgico adecuado permitieron al paciente recuperarse de una forma menos traumática de la cirugía como así también las funciones de todo el sistema estomatognático.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariano Chutchurru, Vanesa Verónica Miana, Juan Pablo Herrera, Ezequiel Koren, Roberto Paulino Palavecino http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN A GROUP OF BRAZILIAN CHILDREN
Background: Dental fluorosis (DF) is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. DF phenotype presents different severities, ranging from very mild to severe phenotypes according to the enamel alteration. This dental development alteration is a common disorder worldwide. It is important to understand the prevalence in certain populations as a preventive strategy for the child's aesthetic, functional and psychological impairment. Aims: to evaluate a prevalence and characteristics of DF in a group of children from Brazil. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-three children, aged 8-11 years, were clinically evaluated according to the DF phenotype. Only erupted permanent teeth were assessed. Results: DF prevalence was 7.6%. Boys showed a higher prevalence of DF than girls. Very mild DF phenotypes were more common than severer phenotypes of DF. Conclusion: the prevalence of DF in this Brazilian population of children was low.
Copyright (c) 2023 Isabela Ribeiro Madalena, Daniela Silva Barroso de Oliveira, Mariane Carolina Faria Barbosa, Daniela Coelho de Lima, Carolina Paes Torres, Nahara Gentil Neves, Célia Maria Condeixa de França Lopes, João Armando Brancher, César Penazzo Lepri; Erika Calvano Küchler; Flares Baratto-Filho, Andrea Ribeiro Lips Soares http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge About Antibiotic Prescription Among Eighth- and Ninth-Semester Dental Students
Background: Dental students engage in prescribing antibiotics, which, worldwide, are overprescribed. Purpose: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotic prescription through a survey in students of the eighth and ninth semester of Dentistry. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that recorded information at a single moment without interfering in the sample, seeks to explain the association between level of knowledge in antibiotic prescription with sex and semester, the study was conducted on 109 students, with a non-probabilistic sample. In Google Forms, a survey was conducted taken from the article by Cortés & Montenegro sent to institutional emails on knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotics in four domains: characterization of medical practice, knowledge about the diagnostic process, attitudes of the respondents regarding claims, practices in antibiotic use. Data were analyzed in SPSS statistical package version 26.0. Pearson's Chi square and Student's t-test were performed with a 5 % significance level. Findings: 43.1 % of students had a poor level of knowledge about antibiotic prescription, 46.8 % had a regular level of knowledge, and 10.1 % had an acceptable level of knowledge. A level of significance p=0.77 was found between level of knowledge with sex and p>0.40 between level of knowledge with semester. Conclusions: Eighth semester Dentistry students showed a better level of knowledge in antibiotic prescription; while, in relation to sex, women had better results and the level of significance indicates that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge with semester and sex.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriela Jazmín Sánchez Sarango, Mayra Elizabeth Paltas Miranda, Jorge Alberto Cortés Luna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Most common etiology of trigeminal neuralgia in patients treated at EsSalud Cusco from January 2019 to August 2022
SUMMARY Background: The trigeminal nerve gives origin to three branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3). Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) causes pain when chewing and manipulating gums, urging to go to the dentist before the neurologist or neurosurgeon. Anatomically, TN affects the branches V1 (4%), V2 (23%), V3 (15%), V1 and V2 (16.5%), and V2 and V3 (32%). Objective: To identify the most common etiology of TN in patients treated at EsSalud Cusco from January 2019 to August 2022. Method: Non-experimental type, qualitative, quantitative, retrospective and cross-sectional approach; the sample, 127 computerized data from clinical histories with a diagnosis of TN, in Neurology, Neurosurgery and Dentistry of the Hospital EsSalud-Cusco; the instrument, the data collection sheet; the unit of analysis, the clinical history and the method, the indirect observation. Variables were measured in data collection sheets, by a single evaluator for the most common etiology variable; the scores, according to the predisposing factors and etiological factors; while for the TN variable, by the types of TN and the pain scales. Finally, the type of analysis was descriptive statistics. Results: Most common etiology variable: Predisposing factor, sex 79.5% and etiological factor, unknown etiology 55.1%. Variable TN: NT type, idiopathic 34.6%; of intense pain 59.1% according to the VAS scale. Conclusion: The average relationship of the most common etiology of TN has as a predisposing factor; sex, being the female the most affected at 79.5%; and as an etiological factor, unknown etiology at 55.1%. Keywords etiological factors; most common etiology; neurology; neurosurgery; odontology; pain; predisposing factors; type of NT; trigeminal nerve; trigeminal neuralgia Thematic fields endodontics; neurology; neurosurgery; odontology
Copyright (c) 2023 Juan Pablo Niño de Guzman Zamalloa, Óscar Francisco Gonzales Gamarra, Iriana Peña Manrique, Nicolás León Pérez, Víctor Edwin Oré Montalvo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0