Keywords
Agricultural Waste
Dominico-Hartón
Dyes
Kinetic
Magnetic Biochar
How to Cite
Abstract
In this study, biochar was obtained via pyrolysis from Dominico-Harton plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds) agricultural waste and surface-treated with FeSO4 to provide it with magnetic properties. This magnetic biochar was used to adsorb crystal violet and malachite green dyes dissolved in water. The morphology, porosity, and elemental composition of biochar were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) before and after surface treatment. Additionally, biochar spectra were obtained before and after surface treatment, as well as after adsorption experiments, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The equilibrium kinetics of dye adsorption on magnetic biochar were evaluated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion models. The results confirmed the presence of Fe in the biochar. Biochar's maximum dye removal efficiencies were 99.06% (t = 150 min) for crystal violet and 97.45% (t = 180 min) for malachite green. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption rate of dyes on the biochar surface, with R2 = 0.9933 (crystal violet) and R2 = 0.9979 (malachite green). This study also demonstrated that magnetic biochar can be successfully synthesized from Dominico-Harton plantain agricultural waste and used for the degradation of crystal violet and malachite green dyes in aqueous solutions.
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