El mesianismo asuntivo del Hijo del Hombre. Reflexión a la luz de la cristología contemporánea
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jul 26, 2018
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Rafael Luciani
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-2054
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-2054
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Resumen
A la luz de las expectativas existentes en el siglo I, se exponen los rasgos más relevantes para comprender el estilo de un mesianismo asuntivo, inspirado en la figura del Hijo del Hombre, que permite interpretar la vida de Jesús como entrega solidaria. Se revisa así la lógica del poder imperial del periodo intertestamentario que se contrarresta con la praxis humanizadora del Mesías-Hijo. El estilo mesiánico de Jesús desvela el talante profético y encarnatorio del cristianismo al rescatar los bienes mesiánicos que apuntan a una vida digna, especialmente para los pobres, cuyas utopías merecen ser escuchadas.
Keywords
Christology, Messiah, Assumptive messianism, Son of Man, Historical Jesus, Intertestamental periodCristología, Mesías, mesianismo asuntivo, Hijo del Hombre, Jesús histórico, Daniel
References
Bird, Michael F. Are You the One Who Is to Come? The Historical Jesus and the Messianic Question. Grand Rapids (MI): Baker Academic, 2009.
Brown, Raymond. “J. Starcky’s Theory of Qumran Messianic Development”. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 28.1 (1966): 51-57.
_____. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave. I. New York: Doubleday, 1994. [Esp.: La muerte del Mesías I. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2005].
_____. “The Messianism of Qumran”. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 19.1 (1957): 53-82.
Bultmann, Rudolf. Teología del Nuevo Testamento. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1981.
Casey, Maurice. Son of Man: The Interpretation and Influence of Daniel 7. London: S.P.C.K., 1979.
Charlesworth, James H. “From Messianology to Christology: Problems and Prospects”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 3-35. Minneapolis (MI): Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1992.
_____. “The Concept of the Messiah in the Pseudoepigrapha”. En Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, 11/19.1 (1979): 189-218.
Collins, John J. ‘“He Shall Not Judge by What His Eyes See’: Messianic Authority in the Dead Sea Scrolls”. Dead Sea Discoveries Vol. 2, No. 2: Messianism (1955): 145-164.
_____. The Scepter and the Star. Messianism in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010.
Coppens, Joseph. Le messianisme royal: ses origines, son développement, son accomplissement. Paris: Cerf, 1968.
Cullmann, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. Philadelphia (PA): The Westminster Press, 1963.
Dunn, James. Jesús y el Espíritu. Salamanca: Secretariado Trinitario, 1981. [Inglés: Jesus and the Spirit. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997].
Emerton, John A. “The Origin of the Son of Man Imagery”. Journal of Theological Studies 9/2 (1958): 225-242.
Fabry, Heinz-Josef y Klalus Scholtissek. O Messias. São Paulo: Loyola, 2008.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The One Who is to Come. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007.
Freyne, Sean. Galilee and Gospel. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000.
Hanson, Paul D. “Messiahs and Messianic Figures in Proto-Apocalypticism”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 67-78. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
Higgins, A. J. B. “Priest and Messiah”. Vetus Testamentum 3,1 (1953): 321-336.
_____. “The Priestly Messiah”. New Testament Studies 13 (1967): 211-239.
_____. The Son of Man in the Teaching of Jesus. Cambridge (U.K.): Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Hooker, Morna D. “Did the Use of Isaiah 53 to Interpret his Mission Begin with Jesus?” En Jesus and the Suffering Servant. Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins, editado por William Bellinger y William Farmer, 88-103. Harrisburg (PA): Trinity Press, 1998.
Horbury, W. “The Messianic Associations of the ‘Son of Man’”. The Journal of Theological Studies 36 (1985): 34-55.
Hurst, L. D. “Did Qumran Expect Two Messiahs?” Bulletin for Biblical Research 9 (1999): 157-180.
Klausner, Joseph. The Messianic Idea in Israel: from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah. New York (NY): McMillan, 1955.
Knohl, Israel. El Mesías antes de Jesús. El siervo sufriente de los manuscritos del Mar Muerto. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
Leivestad, Ragnar. “Exit the Apocalyptic Son of Man”. New Testament Studies 18/2 (1971-1972): 266-267.
Luciani, Rafael. “El discernimiento de Jesús como pobre de Yahveh e hijo de la tierra”. Theologica Xaveriana 182 (2016): 421-447. https://doi.org/10.11144//javeriana.tx66-182.djpyht
Mateos, Juan y Fernando Camacho. El Hijo del Hombre. Hacia la plenitud humana. Córdoba: El Almendro-Fundación Épsilon, 1995.
McCarthy, Dennis J. “II Samuel and the Structure of the Deutoronomic History”. Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 84, N.o 2 (1965): 131-138.
Moyise, Steve; y Maaten J. J. Menken (eds.). Isaiah in the New Testament: The New Testament and the Scriptures of Israel. London-New York: T & T Clark, 2005.
Meynet, Roland. “Le quatrième chant du serviteur. Is 52,13-53,12”. Gregorianum 80/3 (1999): 407-440.
Mowinckel, Sigmund. He that Cometh: The Messiah Concept in the Old Testament and Later Judaism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1956.
Murphy, Frederick J. The Religious World of Jesus: An Introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 1991.
Novakovic, Lidija. Messiah, the Healer of the Sick. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 2003.
O’Neill, J. C. Who Did Jesus Think He Was? Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Ollenburger, Ben C. Zion: The City of the Great King. A Theological Symbol of the Jerusalem Cult. Sheffield (U. K.): Sheffield Academic Press, 1987.
Roberts, Jimmy J. M. “The Old Testament’s Contribution to Messianic Expectations”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 39-51. Minneapolis (MI): Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1992.
Sacchi, Paolo. Historia del judaísmo en la época del segundo Templo. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
_____. “Le figure messianiche del secondo Tempio e il Figlio dell’Uomo”. En Il Messia, tra memoria e attesa, editado por Gabriela Boccacini, 69-85. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2005.
Sanders, E. P. Judaism. Practice and Belief: 63 BCE-66 CE. London-Philadelphia: SCM-Trinity Press International, 1992.
Schniedewind, William M. Society and the Promise to David. The Reception History of 2Samuel 7,1-17, 132-134. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 1999.
Sicre, José Luis. De David al Mesías. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1995.
Starky, Jean. “Les quatre etapes du messianisme à Qumran”. Rev. Bib. 70 (1963): 481-505.
Theissen, Gerd. Sociology of Early Palestinian Christianity. Philadelphia (PA): Fortress Press, 1978.
Tödt, Heinz Eduard. Der Menschensohn in der Synoptischen Überlieferung. Gütersloh: G.Mohn, 1963.
Vanderkam, J. C. “Righteous One, Messiah, Chosen One, and Son of Man in 1 Enoch 37-71”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 169-191. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
Vawter, Bruce. “Levitical Messianism and the New Testament”. En The Bible in Current Catholic Thought, editado por John L. McKenzie, 83-99. New York (NY): Herder and Herder, 1962.
Vermes, Geza. Jesus, the Jew. A Historian’s Reading of the Golpel. Philadelphia (PA): Fortress Press, 1981.
Wrede, William. Das Messiasgeheimnis in den Evangelien. Göttingen: s/e, 1901.
Wright, Nicholas T. The New Testament and the People of God. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
_____. “The Servant and Jesus: The Relevance of the Colloquy for the Current Quest for Jesus”. En Jesus and the Suffering Servant. Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins, editado por William Bellinger y William Farmer, 281-297. Harrisburg (PA): Trinity Press, 1998.
Yarbro Collins, Adela y John J. Collins. King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human and Angelic Messianic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.
Brown, Raymond. “J. Starcky’s Theory of Qumran Messianic Development”. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 28.1 (1966): 51-57.
_____. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave. I. New York: Doubleday, 1994. [Esp.: La muerte del Mesías I. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2005].
_____. “The Messianism of Qumran”. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 19.1 (1957): 53-82.
Bultmann, Rudolf. Teología del Nuevo Testamento. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1981.
Casey, Maurice. Son of Man: The Interpretation and Influence of Daniel 7. London: S.P.C.K., 1979.
Charlesworth, James H. “From Messianology to Christology: Problems and Prospects”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 3-35. Minneapolis (MI): Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1992.
_____. “The Concept of the Messiah in the Pseudoepigrapha”. En Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, 11/19.1 (1979): 189-218.
Collins, John J. ‘“He Shall Not Judge by What His Eyes See’: Messianic Authority in the Dead Sea Scrolls”. Dead Sea Discoveries Vol. 2, No. 2: Messianism (1955): 145-164.
_____. The Scepter and the Star. Messianism in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010.
Coppens, Joseph. Le messianisme royal: ses origines, son développement, son accomplissement. Paris: Cerf, 1968.
Cullmann, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. Philadelphia (PA): The Westminster Press, 1963.
Dunn, James. Jesús y el Espíritu. Salamanca: Secretariado Trinitario, 1981. [Inglés: Jesus and the Spirit. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997].
Emerton, John A. “The Origin of the Son of Man Imagery”. Journal of Theological Studies 9/2 (1958): 225-242.
Fabry, Heinz-Josef y Klalus Scholtissek. O Messias. São Paulo: Loyola, 2008.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The One Who is to Come. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007.
Freyne, Sean. Galilee and Gospel. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000.
Hanson, Paul D. “Messiahs and Messianic Figures in Proto-Apocalypticism”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 67-78. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
Higgins, A. J. B. “Priest and Messiah”. Vetus Testamentum 3,1 (1953): 321-336.
_____. “The Priestly Messiah”. New Testament Studies 13 (1967): 211-239.
_____. The Son of Man in the Teaching of Jesus. Cambridge (U.K.): Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Hooker, Morna D. “Did the Use of Isaiah 53 to Interpret his Mission Begin with Jesus?” En Jesus and the Suffering Servant. Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins, editado por William Bellinger y William Farmer, 88-103. Harrisburg (PA): Trinity Press, 1998.
Horbury, W. “The Messianic Associations of the ‘Son of Man’”. The Journal of Theological Studies 36 (1985): 34-55.
Hurst, L. D. “Did Qumran Expect Two Messiahs?” Bulletin for Biblical Research 9 (1999): 157-180.
Klausner, Joseph. The Messianic Idea in Israel: from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah. New York (NY): McMillan, 1955.
Knohl, Israel. El Mesías antes de Jesús. El siervo sufriente de los manuscritos del Mar Muerto. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
Leivestad, Ragnar. “Exit the Apocalyptic Son of Man”. New Testament Studies 18/2 (1971-1972): 266-267.
Luciani, Rafael. “El discernimiento de Jesús como pobre de Yahveh e hijo de la tierra”. Theologica Xaveriana 182 (2016): 421-447. https://doi.org/10.11144//javeriana.tx66-182.djpyht
Mateos, Juan y Fernando Camacho. El Hijo del Hombre. Hacia la plenitud humana. Córdoba: El Almendro-Fundación Épsilon, 1995.
McCarthy, Dennis J. “II Samuel and the Structure of the Deutoronomic History”. Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 84, N.o 2 (1965): 131-138.
Moyise, Steve; y Maaten J. J. Menken (eds.). Isaiah in the New Testament: The New Testament and the Scriptures of Israel. London-New York: T & T Clark, 2005.
Meynet, Roland. “Le quatrième chant du serviteur. Is 52,13-53,12”. Gregorianum 80/3 (1999): 407-440.
Mowinckel, Sigmund. He that Cometh: The Messiah Concept in the Old Testament and Later Judaism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1956.
Murphy, Frederick J. The Religious World of Jesus: An Introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 1991.
Novakovic, Lidija. Messiah, the Healer of the Sick. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 2003.
O’Neill, J. C. Who Did Jesus Think He Was? Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Ollenburger, Ben C. Zion: The City of the Great King. A Theological Symbol of the Jerusalem Cult. Sheffield (U. K.): Sheffield Academic Press, 1987.
Roberts, Jimmy J. M. “The Old Testament’s Contribution to Messianic Expectations”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 39-51. Minneapolis (MI): Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1992.
Sacchi, Paolo. Historia del judaísmo en la época del segundo Templo. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
_____. “Le figure messianiche del secondo Tempio e il Figlio dell’Uomo”. En Il Messia, tra memoria e attesa, editado por Gabriela Boccacini, 69-85. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2005.
Sanders, E. P. Judaism. Practice and Belief: 63 BCE-66 CE. London-Philadelphia: SCM-Trinity Press International, 1992.
Schniedewind, William M. Society and the Promise to David. The Reception History of 2Samuel 7,1-17, 132-134. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 1999.
Sicre, José Luis. De David al Mesías. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1995.
Starky, Jean. “Les quatre etapes du messianisme à Qumran”. Rev. Bib. 70 (1963): 481-505.
Theissen, Gerd. Sociology of Early Palestinian Christianity. Philadelphia (PA): Fortress Press, 1978.
Tödt, Heinz Eduard. Der Menschensohn in der Synoptischen Überlieferung. Gütersloh: G.Mohn, 1963.
Vanderkam, J. C. “Righteous One, Messiah, Chosen One, and Son of Man in 1 Enoch 37-71”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por James H. Charlesworth, 169-191. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
Vawter, Bruce. “Levitical Messianism and the New Testament”. En The Bible in Current Catholic Thought, editado por John L. McKenzie, 83-99. New York (NY): Herder and Herder, 1962.
Vermes, Geza. Jesus, the Jew. A Historian’s Reading of the Golpel. Philadelphia (PA): Fortress Press, 1981.
Wrede, William. Das Messiasgeheimnis in den Evangelien. Göttingen: s/e, 1901.
Wright, Nicholas T. The New Testament and the People of God. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1992.
_____. “The Servant and Jesus: The Relevance of the Colloquy for the Current Quest for Jesus”. En Jesus and the Suffering Servant. Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins, editado por William Bellinger y William Farmer, 281-297. Harrisburg (PA): Trinity Press, 1998.
Yarbro Collins, Adela y John J. Collins. King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human and Angelic Messianic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature. Grand Rapids (MI): Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.
Cómo citar
Luciani, R. (2018). El mesianismo asuntivo del Hijo del Hombre. Reflexión a la luz de la cristología contemporánea. Theologica Xaveriana, 68(186). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx68-186.mahhrl
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