Las decisiones judiciales en órganos colegiados y el sesgo de retrospectiva en grupos
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Desde la psicología legal, se han adelantado varios estudios que analizan la incidencia y el impacto del sesgo de retrospectiva en las decisiones judiciales, puntualmente, en aquellas tomadas por los jurados y los jueces unipersonales. Por medio de diferentes experimentos, se ha evaluado cómo la presencia de dicho sesgo puede afectar la valoración que estos agentes hacen de diferentes conceptos jurídicos, como la culpa, por ejemplo. Sin embargo, los estudios se han centrado en el proceso de toma de decisiones individuales, dejando a un lado los procesos de toma de decisiones colectivos que están presentes en diferentes estructuras de poder judicial de gran relevancia, como los tribunales y las cortes. Estos órganos judiciales colegiados deciden mediante procesos deliberativos que podrían verse afectados por el sesgo de retrospectiva de diferentes formas. Por medio de este artículo, se plantearán algunas reflexiones sobre el alcance y las dimensiones del sesgo de retrospectiva en las decisiones tomadas en grupo, particularmente, en aquellas tomadas por órganos judiciales colegiados.
Legal Psychology, Hindsight Bias, Collegiate Courts, Court Decisionspsicología jurídica, sesgo de retrospectiva, órganos colegiados, decisión judicial
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