Publicado may 24, 2019



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Robert Joseph-Blaise MacLean https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-2945

Walter Arévalo Ramírez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-5513

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Resumen

Si bien frecuentemente se recurre al derecho internacional humanitario, al derecho de los refugiados y a los derechos humanos para enfrentar, juzgar y remediar las violaciones a los derechos humanos, a menudo se olvida el recurso de protección diplomática propio del Derecho Internacional Público, posiblemente porque son pocos los casos que se ajustan fácilmente a los requisitos doctrinales y legales para este recurso. Las expulsiones desde Venezuela y las confiscaciones de bienes entre 2015 y 2017 a ciudadanos colombianos, sin observar el debido proceso y, con frecuencia, con violencia, pueden ser un ejemplo útil de un caso apropiado para la protección diplomática surgido en el contexto de la expulsión forzada de una nacionalidad particular. El siguiente artículo, resultado de un proyecto de investigación sobre la eficacia del derecho internacional, revisa el derecho sobre la Protección Diplomática y, en el marco de un estudio fáctico del tratamiento de los nacionales colombianos por parte de Venezuela, analiza si los hechos del caso dan lugar a un recurso de protección diplomática. Tras estudiar su naturaleza, requisitos y doctrina, efectivamente, el artículo argumenta a favor de la disponibilidad de este remedio como una opción para el gobierno colombiano para proteger a sus ciudadanos en este caso.

Keywords

Diplomatic Protection; State Responsibility; Internationally Wrongful Act; Remedy; NationalityProtección Diplomática; Responsabilidad internacional del Estado; Hecho Internacionalmente Ilícito; Derechos Humanos; Nacionalidad

References
Books

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Contributions in collective books

MACLEAN, ROBERT JOSEPH BLAISE, Fresh Hay from Old Fields: the Continuing Usefulness of Diplomatic Protection, in Derecho internacional contemporáneo: lo público, lo privado, los derechos humanos: liber amicorum en homenaje a Germán Cavelier, 230-246 (RICARDO ABELLO-GALVIS, ed., Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 2006). Available at: http://www.anuariocdi.org/contemporaneo/1_9_fresh%20hay.pdf

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Documents, reports

OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, OHCHR, Expulsions of Aliens in International Human Rights Law, Discussion paper, Geneva, September 2006. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/protection/migration/4bf6813a9/ohchr-discussion-paper-expulsion-aliens-international-human-rights-law.html

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UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, ILC, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts by the (Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), chp.IV.E.1, November 2001). Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ddb8f804.html

UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, ILC, Preliminary Report on Diplomatic Protection, by Mr. MOHAMED BENNOUNA, Special Rapporteur (UN Doc. A/CN.4/484, 4 February 1998). Available at: http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_484.pdf

UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, ILC, First Report on Diplomatic Protection, by Mr. JOHN R. DUGARD, Special Rapporteur (UN Doc. A/CN.4/506 and Add. 1, 7 March and 20 April, 2000). Available at: http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_506.pdf

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UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, ILC, Third Report on Diplomatic Protection, by Mr. JOHN R. DUGARD, Special Rapporteur (UN Doc. A/CN.4/523 and Add.1, 7 March and 16 April 2002). Available at: http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_523.pdf

UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, ILC, Sixth Report on Diplomatic Protection, by Mr. JOHN R. DUGARD, Special Rapporteur (UN Doc. A/CN.4/546, 11 August 2004). Available at: http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_546.pdf

Case law

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Press and news articles

ARÉVALO, WALTER, Expulsar no es deportar, Diario El Espectador (28 August 2015). http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/elmundo/expulsar-no-deportar-articulo-582359

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CARACOL RADIO, Editorial, Venezuela reactiva deportaciones, Caracol News (Bogotá, 4 May 2016). Available at http://caracol.com.co/emisora/2016/05/04/cucuta/1462317251_993090.html

DIARIO EL PAÍS, Frontpage, Anuncian medidas para corredor humanitario con Venezuela, Diario El País (Cali, 19 January 2016). http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/colombia/noticias/anuncian-nuevas-medidas-para-corredor-humanitario-con-venezuela

NATIONAL POST, International, The Latest: Colombia Leader Won't Recognize Venezuela's Vote, National Post (Washington, 28 July 2017). https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/the-latest-colombia-temporary-legal-status-for-venezuelans

NOTICIAS AL DÍA, International News Section, Alcalde de Cúcuta dice que denunciará a Maduro ante la Corte Penal Internacional, Noticias al Día (2 September 2015).

ROSATI, ANDREW, Venezuela Tags ‘D’ for Demolition on Illegal Border Homes, Bloomberg (26 August 2015). http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-27/venezuela-marks-d-for-demolition-on-illegal-immigrants-houses

Internet

http://indicators.ohchr.org/
Cómo citar
MacLean, R. J.-B., & Arévalo Ramírez, W. (2019). La expulsión de residentes colombianos durante la crisis fronteriza entre Colombia y Venezuela: un caso inexplorado para la protección diplomática de derechos humanos. Vniversitas, 68(138). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.vj138.ercn
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