Keywords
men's health
sexual health
validation study
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Sexual distress is a multidimensional phenomenon that significantly impacts mental health, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and quality of life. To date, there is no robust and culturally adapted instrument to measure this construct in men. Objective: To adapt and validate the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) in Mexican male university students. Method: Methodological study of adaptation and validation in 310 sexually active Mexican male university students who were administered an adapted version of the FSDS. Content validity was assessed using the Item Content Validity Index, construct validity was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega coefficient. Results: The content validity index was 0.9423, indicating cultural adequacy of the items. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an outstanding fit (χ²(53) = 63.8, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.026, and GFI = 0.998) for the unidimensional scale composed of 12 items. Conclusions: The Male Sexual Distress Scale is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tool for use in the Mexican male population.
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington (DC): APA; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
2. Basson R, Berman J, Burnett A, Derogatis L, Ferguson D, Fourcroy J, et al. Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: definitions and classifications. J Urol. 2000;163(3):888-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67828-7
3. Brotto LA. Better sex through mindfulness: how women can cultivate desire. Vancouver: Greystone Books; 2018.
4. Mitchell KR, Lewis R, O'Sullivan LF, Fortenberry JD. What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health? Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(8):e608-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2
5. Stephenson KR, Kerth J. Effects of mindfulness-based therapies for female sexual dysfunction: a meta-analytic review. J Sex Res. 2017;54(7):832-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1331199
6. Balon R, Segraves RT, Clayton A. Issues for DSM-V: sexual dysfunction, disorder, or variation along normal distribution: toward a rethinking of DSM criteria. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(2):198-200. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.198
7. Meston CM, Stanton AM. Sexual dysfunctions. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2017;9:520-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-017-0114-5
8. Meston CM, Freihart BK, Stanton AM. Sexual dysfunction. In: Krueger RF, Blaney PH, editors. Oxford textbook of psychopathology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2023. p. 404-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197542521.003.0017
9. Pascoal PM, Andersson G, Fischer VJ, Manão AA, Oliveira C, Raposo CF, et al. Sexual distress with partnered face-to-face sexual activity: an exploratory qualitative study. Front Psychol. 2025;16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1553893
10. Pascoal PM, Manão AA. Preliminary results on sexual distress related to partnered sexual activity. J Sex Med. 2024;21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae161.003
11. Derogatis LR, Rosen R, Leiblum S, Burnett A, Heiman J. The Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS): initial validation. J Sex Marital Ther. 2002;28(4):317-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230290001448
12. Ahmed MR, Shaaban MM, Meky HK. Assessment of sexually related personal distress accompanying premenopausal sexual dysfunction with an Arabic version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017;139(1):65-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12255
13. Gómez-Lugo M, Villalba-Ríos N, Valbuena-Vargas C, Saavedra-Roa A. Spanish adaptation and validation of sexual distress scale. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024;24(2):100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100469
14. Isidori AM, Pozza C, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Morano S, Vignozzi L, et al. Development and validation of a 6-item FSFI. J Sex Med. 2010;7(3):1139-1146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01635.x
15. Galizia R, Tripodi FM, Rossi R, Michetti PM, Simonelli C, Nimbi FM. Sexual Distress Scale (SDS): Italian validation. J Sex Med. 2022;19(4):38-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.08.020
16. Santos-Iglesias P, Mohamed B, Danko A, Walker LM. Psychometric validation of FSDS in men. Arch Sex Behav. 2018;47(6):1733-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1146-2
17. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25(24):3186-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014
18. International Test Commission. ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests. 2.ª ed. s. l.; 2017.
19. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education. Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington (DC); 2014.
20. Mokkink LB, Prinsen CA, Bouter LM, de Vet HC, Terwee CB. COSMIN methodology. Braz J Phys Ther. 2016;20(2):105-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0143
21. Memon MA, Thurasamy R, Ting H, Cheah JH. Convenience sampling. J Appl Struct Equ Model. 2025;9(2):1-15. https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.9(2)01
22. Landeros-Olvera EA, Morales-Cruz AL, Lozada-Perezmitre E, Galicia-Aguilar RM, Antonio-González G. Validación de instrumentos en enfermería. Rev Enferm Neurol. 2024;22(3). https://doi.org/10.51422/ren.v22i3.439
23. Ato M, López-García JJ, Benavente A. Clasificación de diseños de investigación. An Psicol. 2013;29(3):1038-55. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
24. Anthoine E, Moret L, Regnault A, Sébille V, Hardouin JB. Sample size in validation studies. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0176-2
25. Moshagen M, Bader M. semPower. Behav Res Methods. 2024;56:2901-22. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02254-7
26. Tristán-López A. Modificación al modelo de Lawshe. Av Medición. 2008;6:37-48.
27. Lynn MR. Determination of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
28. Bentler PM. Comparative fit indexes. Psychol Bull. 1990;107(2):238-46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
29. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6(1):1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
30. Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. 2.ª ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2015.
31. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis. 8.ª ed. Cengage Learning; 2019.
32. Dunn TJ, Baguley T, Brunsden V. From alpha to omega. Br J Psychol. 2014;105(3):399-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046
33. Bennett DA. Missing data in studies. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001;25(5):464-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00294.x
34. The jamovi project. jamovi (Version 2.7) [computer software]; 2025. https://www.jamovi.org
35. Mark KP, Arenella K, Girard A, Herbenick D, Fu J, Coleman E. Erectile dysfunction prevalence in the United States: report from the 2021 National Survey of Sexual Wellbeing. J Sex Med. 2024;21(4):296-303. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae008
36. Pellegrino F, Sjoberg DD, Tin AL, Benfante NE, Briganti A, Montorsi F, et al. Relationship between age, comorbidity, and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol Focus. 2023;9(1):162-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2022.08.006
37. Li JZ, Maguire TA, Zou KH, Lee LJ, Donde SS, Taylor DG. Prevalence, comorbidities, and risk factors of erectile dysfunction: results from a prospective real-world study in the United Kingdom. Int J Clin Pract. 2022; 2022:5229702. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5229702
38. Paulsen LH, Sørensen Bakke L, Jarbøl DE, Balasubramaniam K, Hansen DG. Associations between lifestyle, erectile dysfunction and healthcare seeking: a population-based study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2020;38(2):176-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2020.1753347
39. Raposo CF, Nobre PJ, Manão AA, Pascoal PM. Understanding sexual distress related to sexual function. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024;24(3):100473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100473
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natanael Librado-González , Geu Mendoza-Catalán, Itallo Carvalho-Gomes, Julieta Ángel-García, Alan Josué Ramírez-Calderón