Keywords
radiation-induced neoplasia
risk
ionizing radiation
systematic review
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) is an indispensable diagnostic tool; however, its increasing use has raised concerns about the cancer risk associated with exposure to ionizing radiation. Objective: To systematically evaluate the relationship between CT exposure and cancer risk, based on methodologically sound scientific literature. Methods: An independent systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. Databases (PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct) were searched using controlled descriptors. Selection was carried out using the Rayyan program, considering articles published between January 2000 and April 2025.Results: A total of 13 studies were selected. Overall, the evidence points to a possible association between exposure to CT and an increased risk of cancer, particularly in pediatric populations, with a pattern suggesting dose dependence. Although some studies did not reach statistical significance, the overall synthesis of data supports a trend that warrants attention, while also recognizing the presence of potential publication bias. Conclusion: Exposure to CT, particularly at younger ages, has been linked to a potential increase in cancer risk. In this context, applying the ALARA principle and ensuring the clinical justification of each study are advisable to help reduce potential long-term risks.
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