Palabras clave
neoplasias inducidas por radiación
riesgo
radiación ionizante
revisión sistemática
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: La tomografía computarizada (TC) es una herramienta diagnóstica indispensable; sin embargo, su uso creciente ha suscitado preocupación por el riesgo de cáncer asociado a la exposición a radiación ionizante. Objetivo: Evaluar sistemáticamente la relación entre exposición a TC y riesgo de cáncer, basándose en literatura científica de alta solidez metodológica. Métodos: Revisión sistemática independiente siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Se consultaron bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct) utilizando descriptores controlados. La selección se llevó a cabo mediante el programa Rayyan, considerando artículos publicados entre enero de 2000 y abril de 2025. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 13 estudios. En conjunto, la evidencia apunta a una posible asociación entre la exposición a TC y un mayor riesgo de cáncer, especialmente en población pediátrica, con un patrón que sugiere dependencia de la dosis. Aunque algunos trabajos no alcanzaron significación estadística, la síntesis global de los datos respalda una tendencia que merece atención, reconociendo además la existencia de indicios de sesgo de publicación. Conclusión: La exposición a TC, particularmente en edades tempranas, se ha vinculado con un posible aumento en el riesgo de cáncer. En este contexto, resulta recomendable aplicar el principio ALARA y asegurar la adecuada justificación clínica de cada estudio, con el fin de reducir riesgos potenciales a largo plazo.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Diana Isabel Espinoza Morales, Antonio Alvídrez Labrado, Araceli Zazueta Cárdenas, Juan Antonio Lugo Machado