Palabras clave
Televisión
Ficción
Educación
Entretenimiento
Género
Ficción
Educación
Entretenimiento
Género
Cómo citar
Lacalle, C., & Gómez Morales, B. (2018). Educar entreteniendo: los problemas de salud de los personajes femeninos en la ficción TV española. Signo Y Pensamiento, 37(73). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp37-73.eeps
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El uso del entretenimiento en la comunicación mediática sobre salud viene siendo una estrategia habitual desde la década de los noventa; pero, aunque su eficacia ha sido reiteradamente probada, algunos estudiosos critican el sesgo de los mensajes y discuten sus beneficios. Esta investigación propone una metodología original que combina técnicas cuantitativas (SPSS) y aproximaciones cualitativas (socio-semiótica y script theory) para analizar la representación de la enfermedad, la discapacidad y el consumo de substancias tóxicas de los personajes femeninos de la ficción televisiva española. El análisis revela la ambivalencia entre la vocación didáctica de los relatos y la recurrencia de tópicos. Los resultados también muestran la escasa relevancia otorgada a la salud femenina ya la promoción de hábitos saludables.
Arrington, M. I. y Goodier, B. C. (2004). Prostration before the law: Representations of illness, interaction, and intimacy in the NYPD Blue prostate cancer narrative. Popular Communication, 2(2), 67-84. doi: 10.1207/s15405710pc0202_1
Barnes, C. (1992). Disabling Imagery and the Media. Halifax: Ryburn/British Council of Disabled People (BCODP). Recuperado de http://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/Barnes-disabling-imagery.pdf
Breed, W. y De Foe, J. (1981). The portrayal of the drinking process on prime-time television. Journal of Communication, 31(1), 58-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb01205.x
Breed, W., De Foe, J. R. y Wallack, L. (1984). Drinking in the mass media: a nine year project. Journal of Drug Issues, 14(4), 655-664. doi: 10.1177/002204268401400405
Bouman, M. P. (2014). En T. L. Thompson (ed.) Entertainment-Education in Western Countries. Recuperado de http://www.media-gezondheid.nl/beheer/data/cmg.desh26.nl/uploads/Publicaties_en_downloads/Health_Encyclopedia_EE_in_western_settings_Martine_Bouman.pdf
Bouman, M. P., Maas, L. y Kok, G. (1998). Health education in television entertainment - Medisch Centrum West: a Dutch drama serial. Health Education Research, 13(4), 503-18.
Byrd, E. K., Byrd, P. D. y Allen, C. M. (1977). Television programming and disability. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 8(1), 28-32.
Bury, M. (2001). Illness narratives: fact or fiction? Sociology of Health & Ilness, 23(3), 263-285.
Cooper, R. (2008). Prime Time; TV menopause, queerly a case for review. SQS. Journal of Queer Studies in Finland, 3(2), 30-37.
Cruz, J. y Wallack, L. (1986). Trends in tobacco use on television. American Journal of Public Health, 76(6), 698–699. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.76.6.698
Cullen, J. et al. (2011). Depictions of tobacco use in 2007 broadcast television programming popular among US youth. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 165(2), 147–51. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.276
Cumberbatch, G. y Gauntlett, S. (2005). Smoking, alcohol, and drugs on television: a content analysis. London: Ofcom. Recuperado de http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/radio-research/smoking.pdf
Cumberbatch, G. y Negrine, R. (1992). Images of Disability on Television. London: Routledge.
Chang, J. E. y Roth, W. E. (2000). When Is Cranberry Sauce Shaped Like a Can? An Investigation of Cultural Capital, Gender and Consumption in Television Programming. En C. Otnes (Ed.), Gender and Consumer Behavior, Volume 5 (pp. 107-124). Urbana, IL, Estados Unidos: Association for Consumer Research.
Christensen, P. G., Henriksen, L., y Roberts, D. F. (2000). Substance Use in Popular Prime-Time Television. Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Diefenbach, D. L. (1997). The portrayal of mental illness on prime-time television. Journal of Community Psychology, 25(3), 289–302. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199705)25:33.0.CO;2-R
Diefenbach, D. L. y West, M. D. (2007). Television and attitudes toward mental health issues: Cultivation analysis and the third-person effect. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(2), 181-195. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20142
Donaldson, J. (1981). The visibility and image of handicapped people on televisión. Exceptional Children, 47(6), 413–17. doi: 10.1177/001440298104700602
Elliott, T. R. y Byrd, E. K. (1982). Media and disability. Rehabilitation Literature, 43(11-12), 348-355.
Eslick, G. D. y Eslick, M. G. (2009). Smoking and The Simpsons. The Medical Journal of Australia, 190(11), 637-639.
Fouts, G. y Burggraf, K. (1999). Television situation comedies: female body images and verbal reinforcements. Sex Roles, 40(5), 473–481. doi: 10.1023/A:1018875711082
Fouts, G. y Burggraf, K. (2000). Television situation comedies: Female weight, male negative comments, and audience reactions. Sex Roles, 42(9), 925–932. doi: 10.1023/A:1007054618340
Fouts, G. y Vaughan, K. (2002). Television situation comedies: Male weight, negative references, and audience reactions. Sex Roles, 46(11), 439–442. doi: 10.1023/A:1020469715532
Fuenzalida, V. (1992). Telenovelas y desarrollo. Diálogos de la comunicación, 33, 35-40.
Fuenzalida, V. (1996). La apropiación educativa de la telenovela. Diálogos de la comunicación, 44, 91-105.
Fuenzalida, V. (2011). Resignificación de la educación televisiva: desde la escuela a la vida cotidiana. Una visión desde América Latina. Comunicar, 36, 15-23.
Furnham, A., Ingle, H., Gunter, B., y McClelland, A. (1997). A content analysis of alcohol portrayal and drinking in British television soap operas. Health Eduction Research, 12(4), 519–29. doi: 10.1093/her/12.4.519
Glasgow Media Group & Time to Change (2014). Making a Drama out of a Crisis: Authentic Portrayals of Mental Illness in TV Drama. Recuperado de http://www.time-to-change.org.uk/sites/default/files/Making_a_drama_out_of_a_crisis.pdf
Glick, D. et al. (1998). Health Education goes Hollywood: Working with prime-time and daytime entertainment television for immunization promotion. Journal of Health Communication, 3(3), 263-282. doi:10.1080/108107398127364
Gray, J. B. (2007). Interpersonal Communication and the Illness Experience in the Sex and the City Breast Cancer Narrative. Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 397-414. doi: 10.1080/01463370701657889
Greenberg, B S. (1981). Smoking, drugging, and drinking in top rated TV series. Journal of Drug Education, 11(3), 227-234. doi: 10.2190/DJ5P-KQW5-HPJC-QURL
Greenberg, B. S., Eastin, M., Hofschire, L., Lachlan, K., y Brownell, K. D. (2003). Portrayals of Overweight and Obese Individuals on Commercial Television. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1342–1348.
Hanewinkel, R. y Wiborg, G. (2008). Smoking in a popular German television crime series 1985–2004. Preventive medicine, 46(6), 596–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.012
Hanneman, G. y McEwen, W. (1976). The use and abuse of drugs: An analysis of mass media content. En R. E. Ostman (Ed.), Communication Research and Drug Education (pp. 65-88). Beverly Hills, CA, Estados Unidos: Sage.
Hansen, A. (1988). The Portrayal of Alcohol in Popular Television Serials. Centre for Mass Communication Research, University of Leicester.
Harnett, A. (2000). Escaping the “evil avenger” and the “supercrip”: images of disability in popular television. Irish Communications Review, 8, 21–29.
Harris, L. (2002). Disabled sex and the movies. Disability Studies Quarterly, 22(4), 144–162. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v22i4.378
Hayes, M.V. et al. (2007). Telling stories: news media, health literacy and public policy in Canada. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 1842-1852. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.015
Hazan, A. R. y Glantz, S. A. (1995). Current trends in tobacco use on prime-time fictional television. American Journal of Public Health, 85(1), 116–117. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.85.1.116
Hooker, C. y Pols, H. (2006). Health, Medicine, and the Media. Health and History, 8(2), 1-13. doi: 10.2307/40111540.
Hundley, H. L. (1995). The Naturalization of Beer in Cheers. Journal of Broadcast and Electronic Media, 39(3), 350–359. doi:10.1080/08838159509364311
Igartúa, J. J. y Casanova, J. V. (2016). Identification With Characters, Elaboration, and Counterarguing in Entertainment-Education Interventions Through Audiovisual Fiction. Journal of Health Communication, 21(3), 293-300. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1064494
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). (2008). Encuesta sobre discapacidades, autonomía personal y situaciones de dependencia. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176782&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573175
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Kaiser Family Foundation (2004). Entertainment Education and Health in the United States. Recuperado de https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/entertainment-education-and-health-in-the-united-states-issue-brief.pdf.
Kanda, H. et al. (2006). Smoking scenes in popular Japanese serial television dramas: descriptive analysis during the same 3-month period in two consecutive years. Health promotion international, 21(2), 98–103.
Lantz P. M. y Booth, K. M. (1998). The social construction of the breast cancer epidemic. Social Science and Medicine, 46(7), 907-918.
Longmore, P. K. (1987). Screening stereotypes: images of disabled people in television and motion pictures. En A. Gartner y T. Joe (Eds.), Images of Disabled, Disabling Images (pp. 65–78). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Praeger.
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Breed, W. y De Foe, J. (1981). The portrayal of the drinking process on prime-time television. Journal of Communication, 31(1), 58-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb01205.x
Breed, W., De Foe, J. R. y Wallack, L. (1984). Drinking in the mass media: a nine year project. Journal of Drug Issues, 14(4), 655-664. doi: 10.1177/002204268401400405
Bouman, M. P. (2014). En T. L. Thompson (ed.) Entertainment-Education in Western Countries. Recuperado de http://www.media-gezondheid.nl/beheer/data/cmg.desh26.nl/uploads/Publicaties_en_downloads/Health_Encyclopedia_EE_in_western_settings_Martine_Bouman.pdf
Bouman, M. P., Maas, L. y Kok, G. (1998). Health education in television entertainment - Medisch Centrum West: a Dutch drama serial. Health Education Research, 13(4), 503-18.
Byrd, E. K., Byrd, P. D. y Allen, C. M. (1977). Television programming and disability. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 8(1), 28-32.
Bury, M. (2001). Illness narratives: fact or fiction? Sociology of Health & Ilness, 23(3), 263-285.
Cooper, R. (2008). Prime Time; TV menopause, queerly a case for review. SQS. Journal of Queer Studies in Finland, 3(2), 30-37.
Cruz, J. y Wallack, L. (1986). Trends in tobacco use on television. American Journal of Public Health, 76(6), 698–699. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.76.6.698
Cullen, J. et al. (2011). Depictions of tobacco use in 2007 broadcast television programming popular among US youth. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 165(2), 147–51. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.276
Cumberbatch, G. y Gauntlett, S. (2005). Smoking, alcohol, and drugs on television: a content analysis. London: Ofcom. Recuperado de http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/radio-research/smoking.pdf
Cumberbatch, G. y Negrine, R. (1992). Images of Disability on Television. London: Routledge.
Chang, J. E. y Roth, W. E. (2000). When Is Cranberry Sauce Shaped Like a Can? An Investigation of Cultural Capital, Gender and Consumption in Television Programming. En C. Otnes (Ed.), Gender and Consumer Behavior, Volume 5 (pp. 107-124). Urbana, IL, Estados Unidos: Association for Consumer Research.
Christensen, P. G., Henriksen, L., y Roberts, D. F. (2000). Substance Use in Popular Prime-Time Television. Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Diefenbach, D. L. (1997). The portrayal of mental illness on prime-time television. Journal of Community Psychology, 25(3), 289–302. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199705)25:33.0.CO;2-R
Diefenbach, D. L. y West, M. D. (2007). Television and attitudes toward mental health issues: Cultivation analysis and the third-person effect. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(2), 181-195. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20142
Donaldson, J. (1981). The visibility and image of handicapped people on televisión. Exceptional Children, 47(6), 413–17. doi: 10.1177/001440298104700602
Elliott, T. R. y Byrd, E. K. (1982). Media and disability. Rehabilitation Literature, 43(11-12), 348-355.
Eslick, G. D. y Eslick, M. G. (2009). Smoking and The Simpsons. The Medical Journal of Australia, 190(11), 637-639.
Fouts, G. y Burggraf, K. (1999). Television situation comedies: female body images and verbal reinforcements. Sex Roles, 40(5), 473–481. doi: 10.1023/A:1018875711082
Fouts, G. y Burggraf, K. (2000). Television situation comedies: Female weight, male negative comments, and audience reactions. Sex Roles, 42(9), 925–932. doi: 10.1023/A:1007054618340
Fouts, G. y Vaughan, K. (2002). Television situation comedies: Male weight, negative references, and audience reactions. Sex Roles, 46(11), 439–442. doi: 10.1023/A:1020469715532
Fuenzalida, V. (1992). Telenovelas y desarrollo. Diálogos de la comunicación, 33, 35-40.
Fuenzalida, V. (1996). La apropiación educativa de la telenovela. Diálogos de la comunicación, 44, 91-105.
Fuenzalida, V. (2011). Resignificación de la educación televisiva: desde la escuela a la vida cotidiana. Una visión desde América Latina. Comunicar, 36, 15-23.
Furnham, A., Ingle, H., Gunter, B., y McClelland, A. (1997). A content analysis of alcohol portrayal and drinking in British television soap operas. Health Eduction Research, 12(4), 519–29. doi: 10.1093/her/12.4.519
Glasgow Media Group & Time to Change (2014). Making a Drama out of a Crisis: Authentic Portrayals of Mental Illness in TV Drama. Recuperado de http://www.time-to-change.org.uk/sites/default/files/Making_a_drama_out_of_a_crisis.pdf
Glick, D. et al. (1998). Health Education goes Hollywood: Working with prime-time and daytime entertainment television for immunization promotion. Journal of Health Communication, 3(3), 263-282. doi:10.1080/108107398127364
Gray, J. B. (2007). Interpersonal Communication and the Illness Experience in the Sex and the City Breast Cancer Narrative. Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 397-414. doi: 10.1080/01463370701657889
Greenberg, B S. (1981). Smoking, drugging, and drinking in top rated TV series. Journal of Drug Education, 11(3), 227-234. doi: 10.2190/DJ5P-KQW5-HPJC-QURL
Greenberg, B. S., Eastin, M., Hofschire, L., Lachlan, K., y Brownell, K. D. (2003). Portrayals of Overweight and Obese Individuals on Commercial Television. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1342–1348.
Hanewinkel, R. y Wiborg, G. (2008). Smoking in a popular German television crime series 1985–2004. Preventive medicine, 46(6), 596–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.012
Hanneman, G. y McEwen, W. (1976). The use and abuse of drugs: An analysis of mass media content. En R. E. Ostman (Ed.), Communication Research and Drug Education (pp. 65-88). Beverly Hills, CA, Estados Unidos: Sage.
Hansen, A. (1988). The Portrayal of Alcohol in Popular Television Serials. Centre for Mass Communication Research, University of Leicester.
Harnett, A. (2000). Escaping the “evil avenger” and the “supercrip”: images of disability in popular television. Irish Communications Review, 8, 21–29.
Harris, L. (2002). Disabled sex and the movies. Disability Studies Quarterly, 22(4), 144–162. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v22i4.378
Hayes, M.V. et al. (2007). Telling stories: news media, health literacy and public policy in Canada. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 1842-1852. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.015
Hazan, A. R. y Glantz, S. A. (1995). Current trends in tobacco use on prime-time fictional television. American Journal of Public Health, 85(1), 116–117. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.85.1.116
Hooker, C. y Pols, H. (2006). Health, Medicine, and the Media. Health and History, 8(2), 1-13. doi: 10.2307/40111540.
Hundley, H. L. (1995). The Naturalization of Beer in Cheers. Journal of Broadcast and Electronic Media, 39(3), 350–359. doi:10.1080/08838159509364311
Igartúa, J. J. y Casanova, J. V. (2016). Identification With Characters, Elaboration, and Counterarguing in Entertainment-Education Interventions Through Audiovisual Fiction. Journal of Health Communication, 21(3), 293-300. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1064494
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). (2008). Encuesta sobre discapacidades, autonomía personal y situaciones de dependencia. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176782&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573175
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). (2013). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2011 – 2012. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176783&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573175
Kaiser Family Foundation (2004). Entertainment Education and Health in the United States. Recuperado de https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/entertainment-education-and-health-in-the-united-states-issue-brief.pdf.
Kanda, H. et al. (2006). Smoking scenes in popular Japanese serial television dramas: descriptive analysis during the same 3-month period in two consecutive years. Health promotion international, 21(2), 98–103.
Lantz P. M. y Booth, K. M. (1998). The social construction of the breast cancer epidemic. Social Science and Medicine, 46(7), 907-918.
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