Efecto de un plan de alta de enfermería para mejorar el autocuidado en los pacientes con falla cardiaca

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a disease with a high impact on people’s quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies that promote self-care from hospitalization and support the transition process. Objective: To determine the effect of a nursing discharge plan on the level of self-care of patients with HF who are hospitalized from January to November 2019. Methodology: Controlled clinical trial with a sample of 64 patients. They were randomized to discharge plan or usual follow-up. To measure the level of self-care, the European Self-Care Scale was used with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7. A descriptive analysis was performed with tables of frequencies and percentage distribution and the non-parametric Mann Whitney U test. Results: Before applying the discharge plan, it was determined that 90.2 % of the patients in the control and intervention groups had a low level of self-care. After applying the discharge plan, a statistically significant improvement (p: 0.000) was observed in the level of self-care. Conclusions: The discharge plan had a beneficial effect on the level of self-care thanks to its educational, motivational, behavioral reinforcement and symptom management components, allowing patients to assume an active role in modifying their behaviors to promote health.