Validity of UCLA Loneliness Scale in Caregivers of Chronically Ill Patients in Colombia
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Jul 13, 2022
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Abstract
Introduction: loneliness in family caregivers is a frequent experience due to the demands of caring for a chronically ill person.
Objective: to determine the face and content validity of the UCLA in family caregivers of people with chronic disease.
Method: psychometric study of face and content validation of the UCLA scale. Experts in the field participated in the content validation and the items were assessed in terms of clarity, redundancy and relevance. The Lawshe index modified by Tristan was the statistic used for analysis. For face validation, family caregivers of people with chronic disease participated in a cognitive interview and the areas of comprehension, retrieval, judgment, adequacy of response options and question content were analyzed.
Results: content validity: 9 of 18 items of the UCLA scale presented adjusted CVI higher than 0.8. Item 8 presented an adjusted CVI of 0.66, which required analysis and semantic adjustment by the validation committee. Regarding face validity, from the cognitive interview process it was evidenced that for all items 86% or more of the participants reported adequate comprehension, retrieval, judgment and appropriateness of the items. After qualitative analysis of the responses, item 7 required semantic adjustment.
Conclusions: the UCLA scale has acceptable content and face validity for its use in caregivers of people with chronic disease in Colombia. A semantically adjusted version of the instrument is proposed.
Keywords
soledad, cuidadores, enfermedad crónica, reproducibilidad de resultadosloneliness, caregivers, chronic disease, reproducibility of resultssolidão, cuidadores, doença crónica, reprodutibilidade de resultados
References
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12. Gök Uğur H, Orak O, Başköy F, Serdaroğlu S, Küçüköner Ö. Investigation of the relationship between the levels of loneliness and social support by caregivers of bedridden patients. Journal of International Social Research. 2015;8(36):958-67. doi: 10.17719/jisr.2015369557
13. Segrin C, Badger TA, Sikorskii A. A dyadic analysis of loneliness and health-related quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer and their informal caregivers. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology [internet]. 2019; 37(2): 213-27. doi: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1520778
14. Ong AD, Uchino BN, Wethington E. Loneliness and Health in Older Adults: A Mini-Review and Synthesis. Gerontology [Internet]. 2016 Jun 15 [cited 2022 Jan 25];62(4):449. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26539997/
15. Velarde-Mayol C, Fragua-Gil S, García-de-Cecilia JM. Validación de la escala de soledad de UCLA y perfil social en la población anciana que vive sola. Medicina de Familia - SEMERGEN. 2016;42(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2015.05.017
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18. Sancho P, Pinazo-Hernandis S, Donio-Bellegarde M, Tomás JM. Validation of the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (version 3) in Spanish older population: An application of exploratory structural equation modelling. Australian Psychologist. 2020 Jun 1;55(3):283-92. doi: 10.1111/ap.12428
19. Doǧan T, Çötok NA, Tekin EG. Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011 Jan 1;15:2058-62. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.053
20. International Test Commission. ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (2º Ed.). 2017 [cited 2022 Jan 25];2:1-41. Disponible en: https://www.intestcom.org/files/guideline_test_adaptation_2ed.pdf
21. Russell D, Peplau L, Cutrona C. The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1980;39(3):472-80. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
22. Tristán-López A. Modificación al modelo de Lawshe para el dictamen cuantitativo de la validez de contenido de un instrumento objetivo. Avances en Medición. 2008;6:37-48.
23. Caicedo Cavagnis E, Zalazar-Jaime MF. Entrevistas cognitivas: revisión, directrices de uso y aplicación en investigaciones psicológicas. Aval psicol. 2018;13(3):362-70. doi:10.15689/ap.2018.1703.14883.09
24. Hernández Sampieri R, Fernández C, Baptista M. Metodología de la investigación. 6º ed. México: Mc Graw Hill; 2014. p. 634.
25. Zarei S, Memari AH, Moshayedi P, Shayestehfar M. Validity and reliability of the UCLA loneliness scale version 3 in Farsi. Educational Gerontology. 2015 Jan 2;42(1):49-57. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2015.1065688
26. Lasgaard M. Reliability and validity of the Danish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007 May 1;42(7):1359-66. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.013
27. Barroso S, de Andrade V, Migett A, de Cravalho R. Evidências de validade da Escala Brasileira de Solidão UCLA. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 2016;65(1):68-75. doi: 10.1590/0047-2085000000105
28. Arimoto A, Tadaka E. Reliability and validity of Japanese versions of the UCLA loneliness scale version 3 for use among mothers with infants and toddlers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health. 2019 Jul 26;19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0792-4
29. Buz J, Prieto Adánez G. Análisis de la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld mediante el modelo de Rash. Universitas Psychologica. 2013;12(3):1-24. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy12-3.ppra
30. Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ayala-García A, Forjaz M, Gallardo-Peralta L. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6-item version, in a multiethnic population of Chilean older adults. Australasian journal on ageing. 2021 Jun 1;40(2):e100-8. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12893
31. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás J, Hontangas P, Ventura-León J, Burga-León A, Barboza-Palomino M, et al. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Peruvian old adults: a study based on SEM and IRT multidimensional models. The Journal of general psychology. 2021; doi: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398
32. Auné Sofía, Abal F, Attorresi H. Construction and Psychometric Properties of the Loneliness Scale in Adults. International Journal of Psychological Research. 2019;12(2):82-90. doi: 10.21500/20112084.4257
33. Guimarães Amorim LA, Nunes da Fonsêca P, Marcolino Alves Machado G, Cardoso Guimarães CL, Nascimento da Silva PG. Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults: evidencias psicométricas en el noreste de Brasil. Ciencias Psicológicas. 2019 Oct 3;283-95. doi: 10.22235/cp.v13i2.1885
34. León J, Jiménez C, Mercedes M, Gallego V, Henao Villa E, Quintero Echeverri Á. Validación de la escala ESTE para medir la soledad de la población adulta. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería [internet]. 2010;28(3): 416-27. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1052/105215721012.pdf
35. Cerquera AM, Cala ML, Galvis M. Validación de constructo de la escala ESTE-R para medición de la soledad en la vejez en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología. 2013;9(1):45-53. doi: 10.15332/s1794-9998.2013.0001.03
2. WHO. Plan de acción mundial para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no transmisibles 2013-2020. 2013.
3. Carrillo-González GM, Barrero-Osorio RV, Arboleda LB, Gutiérrez-Lesmes OA, Melo BG, Ortiz VT. Competencia para cuidar en el hogar de personas con enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores en Colombia. Revista Facultad de Medicina. 2015;63(4):665-75. doi: 10.15446/revfacmed.v63.n4.50322
4. Bandeira Felipe SG, Sousan Oliveira CE, Dias Torres Silva CR, Mendes PN, Carvalho KM, Lopes Silva-Júnior F, et al. Anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of dependent elderly people: an analytical study. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2020 Sep 21;73(Suppl 1):e20190851. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0851
5. Lavela S, Ather N. Psychological health in older adult spousal caregivers of older adults. Chronic Illn. 2010;6(1):67-80. doi: 10.1177/1742395309356943
6. Vasileiou K, J Barnett, Barreto M, Vines J, Atkinson M, Lawson S, et al. Experiences of Loneliness Associated with Being an Informal Caregiver: A Qualitative Investigation. Frontiers in psychology. 2017 Apr 19;8(APR). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00585
7. Victor CR, Rippon I, Quinn C, Nelis SM, Martyr A, Hart N, et al. The prevalence and predictors of loneliness in caregivers of people with dementia: findings from the IDEAL programme. Aging and Mental Health. 2021;25(7):1232-8. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1753014
8. Perez SG, Nuccio AG, Stripling AM. A Rapid Review of the Detrimental Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation in Caregivers of Older Adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 Apr [cited 2022 Jan 25];29(4):S122-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.117
9. McRae C, Fazio E, Hartsock G, Kelley L, Urbanski S, Russell D. Predictors of loneliness in caregivers of persons with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2009 Sep 1;15(8):554-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.01.007
10. Asti T, Kara M, Ipek G, Erci B. The experiences of loneliness, depression, and social support of Turkish patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and their caregivers. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2006 Apr 1;15(4):490-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01330.x
11. Grah M, Restek-Petroviü B, Keziü S, Jelaviü S, Lukaþiü T. Changes in the long-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy in family members of persons with psychotic disorders. Psychiatria Danubina. 2019;31:S185-9.
12. Gök Uğur H, Orak O, Başköy F, Serdaroğlu S, Küçüköner Ö. Investigation of the relationship between the levels of loneliness and social support by caregivers of bedridden patients. Journal of International Social Research. 2015;8(36):958-67. doi: 10.17719/jisr.2015369557
13. Segrin C, Badger TA, Sikorskii A. A dyadic analysis of loneliness and health-related quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer and their informal caregivers. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology [internet]. 2019; 37(2): 213-27. doi: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1520778
14. Ong AD, Uchino BN, Wethington E. Loneliness and Health in Older Adults: A Mini-Review and Synthesis. Gerontology [Internet]. 2016 Jun 15 [cited 2022 Jan 25];62(4):449. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26539997/
15. Velarde-Mayol C, Fragua-Gil S, García-de-Cecilia JM. Validación de la escala de soledad de UCLA y perfil social en la población anciana que vive sola. Medicina de Familia - SEMERGEN. 2016;42(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2015.05.017
16. Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Pinyopornpanish M, Simcharoen S, Suradom C, Varnado P, et al. Development and validation of a 6-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS-6) using Rasch analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2020 May 1;25(2):233-56. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12404
17. Saito T, Cable N, Aida J, Shirai K, Saito M, Kondo K. Validation study on a Japanese version of the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatrics and Gerontology International. 2019;19(10):1068-9. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13758
18. Sancho P, Pinazo-Hernandis S, Donio-Bellegarde M, Tomás JM. Validation of the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (version 3) in Spanish older population: An application of exploratory structural equation modelling. Australian Psychologist. 2020 Jun 1;55(3):283-92. doi: 10.1111/ap.12428
19. Doǧan T, Çötok NA, Tekin EG. Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011 Jan 1;15:2058-62. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.053
20. International Test Commission. ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (2º Ed.). 2017 [cited 2022 Jan 25];2:1-41. Disponible en: https://www.intestcom.org/files/guideline_test_adaptation_2ed.pdf
21. Russell D, Peplau L, Cutrona C. The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1980;39(3):472-80. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
22. Tristán-López A. Modificación al modelo de Lawshe para el dictamen cuantitativo de la validez de contenido de un instrumento objetivo. Avances en Medición. 2008;6:37-48.
23. Caicedo Cavagnis E, Zalazar-Jaime MF. Entrevistas cognitivas: revisión, directrices de uso y aplicación en investigaciones psicológicas. Aval psicol. 2018;13(3):362-70. doi:10.15689/ap.2018.1703.14883.09
24. Hernández Sampieri R, Fernández C, Baptista M. Metodología de la investigación. 6º ed. México: Mc Graw Hill; 2014. p. 634.
25. Zarei S, Memari AH, Moshayedi P, Shayestehfar M. Validity and reliability of the UCLA loneliness scale version 3 in Farsi. Educational Gerontology. 2015 Jan 2;42(1):49-57. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2015.1065688
26. Lasgaard M. Reliability and validity of the Danish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007 May 1;42(7):1359-66. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.013
27. Barroso S, de Andrade V, Migett A, de Cravalho R. Evidências de validade da Escala Brasileira de Solidão UCLA. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 2016;65(1):68-75. doi: 10.1590/0047-2085000000105
28. Arimoto A, Tadaka E. Reliability and validity of Japanese versions of the UCLA loneliness scale version 3 for use among mothers with infants and toddlers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health. 2019 Jul 26;19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0792-4
29. Buz J, Prieto Adánez G. Análisis de la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld mediante el modelo de Rash. Universitas Psychologica. 2013;12(3):1-24. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy12-3.ppra
30. Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ayala-García A, Forjaz M, Gallardo-Peralta L. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6-item version, in a multiethnic population of Chilean older adults. Australasian journal on ageing. 2021 Jun 1;40(2):e100-8. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12893
31. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás J, Hontangas P, Ventura-León J, Burga-León A, Barboza-Palomino M, et al. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Peruvian old adults: a study based on SEM and IRT multidimensional models. The Journal of general psychology. 2021; doi: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398
32. Auné Sofía, Abal F, Attorresi H. Construction and Psychometric Properties of the Loneliness Scale in Adults. International Journal of Psychological Research. 2019;12(2):82-90. doi: 10.21500/20112084.4257
33. Guimarães Amorim LA, Nunes da Fonsêca P, Marcolino Alves Machado G, Cardoso Guimarães CL, Nascimento da Silva PG. Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults: evidencias psicométricas en el noreste de Brasil. Ciencias Psicológicas. 2019 Oct 3;283-95. doi: 10.22235/cp.v13i2.1885
34. León J, Jiménez C, Mercedes M, Gallego V, Henao Villa E, Quintero Echeverri Á. Validación de la escala ESTE para medir la soledad de la población adulta. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería [internet]. 2010;28(3): 416-27. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1052/105215721012.pdf
35. Cerquera AM, Cala ML, Galvis M. Validación de constructo de la escala ESTE-R para medición de la soledad en la vejez en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología. 2013;9(1):45-53. doi: 10.15332/s1794-9998.2013.0001.03
How to Cite
Carreño-Moreno, S. patricia, Chaparro-Díaz , L. ., Cáliz Romero , N. ., & Rivera Romero, N. . (2022). Validity of UCLA Loneliness Scale in Caregivers of Chronically Ill Patients in Colombia. Investigación En Enfermería Imagen Y Desarrollo, 24. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ie24.vesu
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