LES OBLIGATIONS POSITIVES DANS LES JURISPRUDENCES DES COURS EUROPÉENNE ET INTERAMÉRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME
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Belonging both to the European and inter-American courts of human rights case-law, positive obligations are defined as a duty for states to effectively secure the rights and freedoms set out in regional conventions. As a judicial product, these obligations are the result of a dynamic interpretation of the 1950 and 1969 conventions. The judges have to determine their existence and their impact which might exceed the vertical dimension of human rights. According to the European and inter-American decisions, positive obligations impose on States the duty to prevent any violations of human rights but also to investigate and punish the perpetrator or perpetrators of those violations. This double content —material
obligations and procedural obligations— seems to a certain extente to condition on the control exercised by judges on obligations which remain obligations of means for States.
Derechos fundamentales, obligaciones positivas, efectividad de los derechos del hombre, dimensión horizontal de los derechos fundamentales, margen de apreciaciónFundamental rights, positive obligations, effectiveness of human rights, horizontal dimension of fundamental rights, margin of appreciationDroits fondamentaux, obligations positives, effectivité des droits de l’homme, effet horizontal des droits de l’homme, marge d’appréciation