The Invention of the Indian in the first cycle of Indian debate utilizing an hermeneutic analysis of the first two chapters of the text Servidumbre natural y libertad cristiana. segun los tratadistas españoles de los siglos XVI y XVII by the Mexican historian Silvio Zavala, this article records the historic context of the first cycle of Indian Debate. The text under analysis pertains to the revionist historic current which, realized in Mexico during the first half of the twentieth century as a pioneering project in Latin America, introduced the systematicacademic university studies of historical knowledge. In contrast with the previous traditional history, which was event-based and heroic, the historiography of these first decades initiated a new phase of understanding, the History of Spanish Juridical Institutions in America. Using a positivist paradigm of a true and objective history, two objectives were proposed: on one hand, the recuperation of the image of the conquerors based on cultural contributions to America, and, on the other hand, the reconciliation of the conquered with their Hispanic roots.