Un análisis crítico de las perspectivas de diálogo en la literatura sobre comunicación para el desarrollo y cambio social Abordajes y desafíos
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abr 15, 2011
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Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la literatura producida en el campo de la comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social (cdsc), con el fin de: a. comprender la manera como diversos investigadores y profesionales de la comunicación han utilizado la noción de diálogo para definir, entender y apoyar los procesos de desarrollo y cambio social; b. explorar las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de la utilización de distintos enfoques de diálogo. Concluimos que en el campo de la cdsc la noción de diálogo ha sido abordada, primordialmente, de tres maneras: diálogo como modelo de comunicación, diálogo como evento de comunicación interpersonal y diálogo como proceso de deliberación pública. Una vez explicados dichos escenarios, presentamos los riesgos, consecuencias e implicaciones de cada uno de estos abordajes. Finalmente, exponemos algunos de los desafíos y retos que tiene la cdsc en relación con la aplicación de prácticas dialógicas.
Keywords
Communication and development, Social change, Communication models.Comunicación y desarrollo, Cambio social, Modelos de comunicación.Comunicação e Desenvolvimento, Mudança social, Modelos de comunicação.
References
Adams, C. et al. (2007), “Public dialogue as communication activism: lessons learned from enganing community-based action research”, en Frey, L. y Carragee, K. Communication Activism, New Jersey, Hampton Press, pp. 67-108.
Anderson, R. y Cissna, K. (2008), “Fresh perspectives in dialogue theory”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 1-4.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1981), The Dialogic Imagination: Four Esays, Austin, University of Texas Press.
— (2001), “Marxisim and the philosophy of language”, en Bizzell, P. y Herzberg, B. (eds.), The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present, Boston, Bedford/St. Martin’s, pp. 1210-1226.
Barranquero, A. (2006), “From Freire and Habermas to multiplicity”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 920-924.
Beltrán, L. R. (2006a), “Rural development and social communication: relationships and strategies”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 76-87.
— (2006b), “A farewell to Aristotle: ‘horizontal’ communication”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 157-173.
Black, L.W. (2008), “Deliberation, Storytelling, and Dialogic Moments”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 93-116.
Buber, M. (1958), I and Thou, 2.a ed., Nueva York, Collier Books.
Cisneros, J. (2006), “Constructing an alternative option: Habermas-Pasquali-Paoli”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 591-596.
Cloud, D. (1994), “The materiality of discourse as oxymoron”, Western Journal of Communication, núm. 58, pp. 141-163.
DeTurk, S. (2006), “The Power of Dialogue: Consequences of Intergroup Dialogue and their Implications for Agency and Alliance Building”, Communication Quarterly, vol. 1, núm. 54, pp. 33-51.
Dissanayake, W. (2006), “A buddhist approach to development: a Sri Lankan endeavor”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 243-245.
Downing, J. (2006), “Community, democracy, dialogue and radical media”, en GumucioDagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 828-840.
Escobar, A. (2006), “Cruzando fronteras and the borders of thought”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 654-662.
Fals Borda, O. (2006), “The application of the participatory communication research”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 321-331.
Figueroa, M. et al. (2006), “Communication for social change”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 589-591.
Freire, P. (2006), “Education for critical consciousness”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 39-43.
Frey, L. y Carragee, K. (2007), Communication Activism, New Jersey, Hampton Press.
Gray-Felder, D. y Deane, J. (1998), Communication and Social Change: A Position Paper and Conference Report [en línea], New York, The Rockefeller Foundation, disponible en http:// www.communicationforsocialchange.org/ pdf/positionpaper.pdf
Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.) (2006), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium.
Hamelink. C. (2006), “Social development, information, and knowledge: what happened to communication”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 960-964.
Hartz-Karp, J. y Briand, M. (2009), “Institutionalizing deliberative democracy”, Journal of Public Affairs, vol. 2, núm. 9, pp. 125-141.
Heidlebaugh, N. (2008), “Invention and Public Dialogue: Lessons from Rhetorical Theories”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 27-50.
Heimann, D. (2006), “Supporting communication for development with horizontal dialogue and a level playing field: The Communication Initiative”, Development in Practice, vol. 6, núm. 16, pp. 603-610.
Hemingway, P. y Bereton, N. (2009), What is a Systematic Review?, Londres, Haywood Medical Communications.
Huesca. R. (2006), “Studying new social movements: to renew development communication research”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 750-762.
Jacobson, T. y Kolluri, S. (2006), “Participatory communication as communicative action”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 806-814.
Jovanovic, S. et al. (2007), “Promoting deliberative democracy through dialogue: communication contributions to grassroots movement for truth, justice, and reconciliation”, en Frey, L. y Carragee, K., Communication Activism, New Jersey, Hampton Press, pp. 67-108.
Kaplún, M. (2006), “Why educate?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 147-156.
Kim, J. y Kim, E. J. (2008), “Theorizing dialogic deliberation: everyday political talk as communicative action and dialogue”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 51-70.
Kivikuru, U. (2006), “Top-Down or BottomUp? Radio in the service of democracy: Experiences from South Africa and Namibia”, Gazette, vol. 1, núm. 68, pp. 5-31.
LaFever, M. (2004), “Increasing the participation of non-dominant cultural groups in public dialogue: Development communication experiences in North America”, Conference Papers. International Communication Association, núm. 1, Communication & Mass Media Complete database.
Mattelart, A. y Mattelart, M. (1997), Historia de las teorías de la comunicación, Barcelona, Paidós.
Melkote, S. y Steeves, L. (2001), Communication for Development in the World: Theory and practice for empowerment, 2.a ed., Nueva Delhi, Sage.
Mignolo, W. (2005), The idea of Latin America, Malden, MA, Blackwell Publications.
Morris, N. (2003), “A comparative analysis of the diffusion and participatory models in development communication”, Communication Theory, vol. 13, núm. 2, pp. 225-248.
Obregón, R. et al. (2011), “Edu-entretenimiento y movilización social para el ejercicio de los derechos humanos sexuales y reproductivos de adolescentes y jóvenes en Colombia: resultados y lecciones aprendidas de una experiencia piloto”, Bogotá, Fondo de Población de Naciones unidas (unfpa).
Obregón, R. y Mosquera, M. (2005), “Methodological challenges in health communication research”, en Hemer, O. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Media and Glocal Change: Rethinking Communication for Development, Nordicom Review, pp. 233-246.
Papa, M. y Singhal, A. (2008), “How entertainment-education programs promote dialogue in support of social change”, Conference, International Communication Association, pp. 1-33.
Papa, M.; Singhal, A., y Papa, W. (2006), Organizing for Social Change: A Dialectic Journey for Social Change, Nueva Delhi, Sage.
Parks, W. et al. (2006), “Who measures change?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 817-824.
Pietilä, V. (2005), On the Highway of Mass Communication Studies, Cresskill, New Jersey, Hampton Press.
Rogers, E. M. (2006), “Communication and development: the passing of the dominant paradigm”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 110-126.
Rogers, E. M. y Kincaid, L. (1980), Communication Networks: Toward a New Paradigm for Research, Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. y Shoemaker, F. F. (1971), Communication of Innovations, 2.a ed., New York, The Free Press.
Schramm, W. (2006), “What mass communication can do, and what it can ‘help’ to do in national development”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 26-35.
Slim, H. y Thomson, P. (2006), “Words from the heart: the power of oral testimony”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 454-458.
Smith, A. (2008), “Dialogue in agony: the problem of communication in authoritarian regimes”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 160-185.
Sonderling, S. (2006), “Development support communication: a change agent in support of popular participation or a double agent of deception?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 545-556.
Vega, J. y Bayuelo, S. (2008), “Ganándole terreno al miedo: cine y comunicación en Montes de María”, Lo que le vamos quitando a la guerra [medios ciudadanos en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia], Bogotá, Centro de Competencia en Comunicación para América Latina Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Waisbord, S. (2001), “Family tree of theories, methodologies and strategies in development communication” [en línea], disponible en http:// www.comminit.com/socialchange/stsilviocomm/sld-1774.html.
Wierzbicka, A. (2006), “The concept of ‘dialogue’ in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective”, Discourse Studies, vol. 5, núm. 8, pp. 675-703.
Anderson, R. y Cissna, K. (2008), “Fresh perspectives in dialogue theory”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 1-4.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1981), The Dialogic Imagination: Four Esays, Austin, University of Texas Press.
— (2001), “Marxisim and the philosophy of language”, en Bizzell, P. y Herzberg, B. (eds.), The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present, Boston, Bedford/St. Martin’s, pp. 1210-1226.
Barranquero, A. (2006), “From Freire and Habermas to multiplicity”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 920-924.
Beltrán, L. R. (2006a), “Rural development and social communication: relationships and strategies”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 76-87.
— (2006b), “A farewell to Aristotle: ‘horizontal’ communication”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 157-173.
Black, L.W. (2008), “Deliberation, Storytelling, and Dialogic Moments”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 93-116.
Buber, M. (1958), I and Thou, 2.a ed., Nueva York, Collier Books.
Cisneros, J. (2006), “Constructing an alternative option: Habermas-Pasquali-Paoli”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 591-596.
Cloud, D. (1994), “The materiality of discourse as oxymoron”, Western Journal of Communication, núm. 58, pp. 141-163.
DeTurk, S. (2006), “The Power of Dialogue: Consequences of Intergroup Dialogue and their Implications for Agency and Alliance Building”, Communication Quarterly, vol. 1, núm. 54, pp. 33-51.
Dissanayake, W. (2006), “A buddhist approach to development: a Sri Lankan endeavor”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 243-245.
Downing, J. (2006), “Community, democracy, dialogue and radical media”, en GumucioDagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 828-840.
Escobar, A. (2006), “Cruzando fronteras and the borders of thought”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 654-662.
Fals Borda, O. (2006), “The application of the participatory communication research”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 321-331.
Figueroa, M. et al. (2006), “Communication for social change”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 589-591.
Freire, P. (2006), “Education for critical consciousness”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 39-43.
Frey, L. y Carragee, K. (2007), Communication Activism, New Jersey, Hampton Press.
Gray-Felder, D. y Deane, J. (1998), Communication and Social Change: A Position Paper and Conference Report [en línea], New York, The Rockefeller Foundation, disponible en http:// www.communicationforsocialchange.org/ pdf/positionpaper.pdf
Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.) (2006), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium.
Hamelink. C. (2006), “Social development, information, and knowledge: what happened to communication”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 960-964.
Hartz-Karp, J. y Briand, M. (2009), “Institutionalizing deliberative democracy”, Journal of Public Affairs, vol. 2, núm. 9, pp. 125-141.
Heidlebaugh, N. (2008), “Invention and Public Dialogue: Lessons from Rhetorical Theories”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 27-50.
Heimann, D. (2006), “Supporting communication for development with horizontal dialogue and a level playing field: The Communication Initiative”, Development in Practice, vol. 6, núm. 16, pp. 603-610.
Hemingway, P. y Bereton, N. (2009), What is a Systematic Review?, Londres, Haywood Medical Communications.
Huesca. R. (2006), “Studying new social movements: to renew development communication research”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 750-762.
Jacobson, T. y Kolluri, S. (2006), “Participatory communication as communicative action”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 806-814.
Jovanovic, S. et al. (2007), “Promoting deliberative democracy through dialogue: communication contributions to grassroots movement for truth, justice, and reconciliation”, en Frey, L. y Carragee, K., Communication Activism, New Jersey, Hampton Press, pp. 67-108.
Kaplún, M. (2006), “Why educate?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 147-156.
Kim, J. y Kim, E. J. (2008), “Theorizing dialogic deliberation: everyday political talk as communicative action and dialogue”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 51-70.
Kivikuru, U. (2006), “Top-Down or BottomUp? Radio in the service of democracy: Experiences from South Africa and Namibia”, Gazette, vol. 1, núm. 68, pp. 5-31.
LaFever, M. (2004), “Increasing the participation of non-dominant cultural groups in public dialogue: Development communication experiences in North America”, Conference Papers. International Communication Association, núm. 1, Communication & Mass Media Complete database.
Mattelart, A. y Mattelart, M. (1997), Historia de las teorías de la comunicación, Barcelona, Paidós.
Melkote, S. y Steeves, L. (2001), Communication for Development in the World: Theory and practice for empowerment, 2.a ed., Nueva Delhi, Sage.
Mignolo, W. (2005), The idea of Latin America, Malden, MA, Blackwell Publications.
Morris, N. (2003), “A comparative analysis of the diffusion and participatory models in development communication”, Communication Theory, vol. 13, núm. 2, pp. 225-248.
Obregón, R. et al. (2011), “Edu-entretenimiento y movilización social para el ejercicio de los derechos humanos sexuales y reproductivos de adolescentes y jóvenes en Colombia: resultados y lecciones aprendidas de una experiencia piloto”, Bogotá, Fondo de Población de Naciones unidas (unfpa).
Obregón, R. y Mosquera, M. (2005), “Methodological challenges in health communication research”, en Hemer, O. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Media and Glocal Change: Rethinking Communication for Development, Nordicom Review, pp. 233-246.
Papa, M. y Singhal, A. (2008), “How entertainment-education programs promote dialogue in support of social change”, Conference, International Communication Association, pp. 1-33.
Papa, M.; Singhal, A., y Papa, W. (2006), Organizing for Social Change: A Dialectic Journey for Social Change, Nueva Delhi, Sage.
Parks, W. et al. (2006), “Who measures change?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 817-824.
Pietilä, V. (2005), On the Highway of Mass Communication Studies, Cresskill, New Jersey, Hampton Press.
Rogers, E. M. (2006), “Communication and development: the passing of the dominant paradigm”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 110-126.
Rogers, E. M. y Kincaid, L. (1980), Communication Networks: Toward a New Paradigm for Research, Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. y Shoemaker, F. F. (1971), Communication of Innovations, 2.a ed., New York, The Free Press.
Schramm, W. (2006), “What mass communication can do, and what it can ‘help’ to do in national development”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 26-35.
Slim, H. y Thomson, P. (2006), “Words from the heart: the power of oral testimony”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 454-458.
Smith, A. (2008), “Dialogue in agony: the problem of communication in authoritarian regimes”, Communication Theory, vol. 1, núm. 18, pp. 160-185.
Sonderling, S. (2006), “Development support communication: a change agent in support of popular participation or a double agent of deception?”, en Gumucio-Dagron, A. y Tufte, T. (eds.), Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, New Jersey, Communication for Social Change Consortium, pp. 545-556.
Vega, J. y Bayuelo, S. (2008), “Ganándole terreno al miedo: cine y comunicación en Montes de María”, Lo que le vamos quitando a la guerra [medios ciudadanos en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia], Bogotá, Centro de Competencia en Comunicación para América Latina Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Waisbord, S. (2001), “Family tree of theories, methodologies and strategies in development communication” [en línea], disponible en http:// www.comminit.com/socialchange/stsilviocomm/sld-1774.html.
Wierzbicka, A. (2006), “The concept of ‘dialogue’ in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective”, Discourse Studies, vol. 5, núm. 8, pp. 675-703.
Cómo citar
Ángel Botero, A., & Obregón, R. (2011). Un análisis crítico de las perspectivas de diálogo en la literatura sobre comunicación para el desarrollo y cambio social: Abordajes y desafíos. Signo Y Pensamiento, 30(58), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp30-58.acpd
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