Creencias y actitudes hacia los medios de comunicación en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Chile
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dic 10, 2015
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como propósito evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de dos escalas e identificar las actitudes y creencias hacia los medios de comunicación en universitarios del sur de Chile. Se diseñó un instrumento a partir de las Escalas de Creencias hacia los Medios (ECM) y Actitudes hacia los Medios (EAM) para evaluar las creencias y actitudes hacia los medios de la población mencionada. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 187 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile.
La escala fue sometida a un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y quedó constituida por dos sub-escalas: la creencias acerca de los medios (ECM) y actitudes hacia los medios (EAM).
Keywords
assessment, beliefs, attitudes, media, studentsmedição, crenças, atitudes, meios de comunicação, alunosmedición, creencias, actitudes, medios de comunicación, estudiantes
References
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Almada, M. y Nascimento, G. (2014) Efecto de tercera persona y distancia social: percepción de la influencia de los Media en sí mismo, en el similar y en el otro en la publicidad de la Municipalidad Prefectura de Salvador. Revista Interamericana de Comunicação Midiática. 13(25), 235-252.
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Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations. Nueva York: Semiotext(e). Bauman, Z. (2004). Work, Consumerism and the New Poor. Nueva York: Open University Press.
Breckler, S. (1984). Empirical validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct components of attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(6), 1191-1205.
Buckingham, D. (2005). Educación en medios. Alfabetización, aprendizaje y cultura contemporánea. Barcelona: Paidós.
Castells, M. (1996) The information age: Economy, society and culture. The rise of the network society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Chia, S., Lu, K. y McLeod, D. (2004). Sex, lies, and video compact disc: A case study on third person perception and motivations for media censorship. Communication Research, 31(1), 109-130.
Conner, M. y Armitage, C. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429-1464. Recuperado de http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x/pdf
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Crites, S., Fabrigar, L. y Petty, R. (1994). Measuring the affective and cognitive properties of attitudes: Conceptual and methodological issues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(6), 619-634.
Chamsy, E. y Hayden, P. (2006). Critical theories of globalization. Nueva York: Palgrave McMillan.
Davison, W. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1-15.
Del Valle, C., Denegri, M. y Chávez, D. (2012). Alfabetización audiovisual y consumo de medios y publicidad en universitarios de pedagogía en Chile. Comunicar, 19(38), 183-191. Recuperado de http://www.revistacomunicar. com/indice/articulo.php?numero=38-2012-22
Denegri, M., Fernandez, R., Palavecinos, M. y Ripoll, M. (1999). Consumir para vivir y no vivir para consumir. Temuco: Universidad de La Frontera.
Denegri, M., González, Y. y Sepúlveda, J. (2010). Consumo y construcción de identidad en profesores de educación primaria en Chile. Educere, 14(49), 345-359.
Dürnecker, G. y Vega-Redondo, F. (2012). Social networks and the process of ‘globalization’. Working Papers, 12(18). Recuperado de https:// ideas.repec.org/f/pdu287.html
Eagle, L. (2007). Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 101-110. Recuperado de http://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/81065.pdf
Finucane, M., Alhakami, A., Slovic, P. y Johnson, S. (2000). The affect heuristic in judgements of risks and benefits. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13, 1-17. Recuperado de http://www-abc.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/users/ r20/finucane00_the_affect_heuristic.pdf
García, B., López de Ayala, M. y García, A. (2014). Los riesgos de los adolescentes en Internet: los menores como actores y víctimas de los peligros de Internet. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 4(69), 462-485.
Garmendia, M., Garitaonandia, C., Martínez, G. y Casado, M. A. (2011). Riesgos y seguridad en internet: los menores españoles en el contexto europeo. Bilbao: EU Kids Online, Universidad del País Vasco. Recuperado de http://www.sociologia. ehu.es/s0018eukidsct/es/contenidos/noticia/ eukids_informe_280311/es_not/adjuntos/ Informe_Espa%C3%B1a_completo_red.pdf.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
González, M. y Muñoz, J. (2002). La formación de ciudadanos críticos. Una apuesta por los medios. Revista Interuniversitaria, 14, 207-233. Recuperado de http://revistas.usal.es/index. php/1130-3743/article/view/2994/3031
Gutiérrez, A. y Tyner, K. (2012). Educación para los medios, alfabetización mediática y competencia digital. Comunicar, 19(38), 31-39.
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgement. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814-834.
Hirschman, E. y Thompson, C. (1997). Why media matter: Towards a richer understanding of consumers’ relationships with advertising and mass media. Journal of Advertising, 26(1), 43-60.
Iglesias García, M. y González Díaz, C. (2012). Radiografía del consumo de medios de comunicación en estudiantes universitarios. Icono14, 10(3), 100-115. doi: 10.7195/ri14. v10i3.212
Jung, J., Wook, S. y Seung, H. (2015). Factors affecting attitudes and behavioural intention towards social networking advertising: A case of Facebook users in South Korea. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications. Recuperado de http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108 0/02650487.2015.1014777
Jones, K. (1996). Trust as an affective attitude. Ethics, 107(1), 4-25. Recuperado de http://www.cridaq.uqam.ca/IMG/pdf/Jones_K._1996._ Trust_as_an_Affective_Attitude_Daniel_ Weinstock.pdf
Kellner, D. (1995). Media culture. Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the posmodern. Londres: Routledge.
Kellner, D. y Share, J. (2005). Toward critical media literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 369-386. Recuperado de http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/ faculty/kellner/essays/2005_Kellner-Share_ TowardsCriticalMediaLiteracy.pdf
Kendall, A. y McDougall, J. (2012). Alfabetización mediática crítica en la posmodernidad. Comunicar, 19(38), 21-29. Recuperado de http://www.revistacomunicar.com/pdf/ preprint/38/02-PRE-13482.pdf
Lambe, J. L., McLeod, D. M. (2005). Understanding third-person perception proceses: Predicting perceived impact on self and others for multiple expressive contexts. Journal of Communication, 55(2). 277-291. Recuperado de http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02672.x/pdf
Lemanski, J. y Lee, H. (2012). Attitude certainty and resistance to persuasion: Investigating the impact of source trustworthiness in advertising. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1), 66-75. Recuperado de http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_1_ January_2012/8.pdf
Livingstone, S. (2004). What is media literacy?. Intermedia, 32(3), 18-20. Recuperado de http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/1027/1/What_is_ media_literacy_%28LSERO%29.pdf
Malmelin, N. (2010). What is advertising literacy? Exploring the dimensions of advertising literacy. Journal of Visual Literacy, 29(2), 129-142.
Martell, L. (2007). The third wave in globalization theory. International Studies Review, 9(2), 173-196. Recuperado de http://users.sussex. ac.uk/~ssfa2/thirdwaveweb.htm
McElprang, M., Haskell, J.y Jenkins, S. (2005). Financial attitudes and spending habits of university freshmen. Proceedings of the Academy for Economics and Economic Education, 8(1), 3-6. Recuperado de http://sbaer.uca. edu/research/allied/2005-memphis/economic/2%20freshmen.pdf
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extension of man. Nueva York: McGraw Hill.
Norvilitis, J. y Santa María, P. (2002). Credit card debt on college campuses: Causes, consequences, and solutions. College Student Journal, 36, 356-364. Recuperado de http:// www.researchgate.net/profile/Jill_Norvilitis/publication/237462075_Credit_card_debt_on_college_campuses_causes_consequences_and_solutions/links/0046353187b6115cdc000000.pdf
Norvilitis, J., Sazblicki, B. y Wilson, S. (2003). Factors influencing levels of credit-card debt in college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, (5), 935-947. Recuperado de http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01932.x/pdf
O’Guinn, T. y Shrum, L. J. (1997). The role of television in the construction of consumer reality. Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 278-294. Recuperado de http://www.jstor. org/stable/2489565?seq=4#page_scan_tab_ contents
Obstfeld, M. (1994). Risk-taking, global diversification, and growth. The American Economic Review, 84(5), 1310-1329. Recuperado de http://www.sfu.ca/~kkasa/obstfeld94.pdf
Ostrom, T. (1969). The relationship between the affective, behavioral, and cognitive components of attitude. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5(1), 12-30. Perloff, R. (1999). The third-person effect: A critical review and synthesis. Media Psychology, 1, 353-378. Recuperado de http://www.uky.edu/~dlowe2/documents/1.Perloff1999Third-PersonEffect.pdf
Peters, E. y Slovic, P. (2007). Affective asynchrony and the measurement of the affective attitude component. Cognition and Emotion, 21(2), 300-329. Recuperado de http://faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu/peters/lab/pubs/publications/2007_peters_slovic_affect_asynch_ cog_emot_PCEM_A_191063_O.pdf
Priester, J. y Petty, R. (2003) The influence of spokesperson trustworthiness on message elaboration, attitude strength, and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(4), 408-421. Recuperado de https:// msbfile03.usc.edu/digitalmeasures/priester/ intellcont/2003-JCP-PriesterPetty-1.pdf
Rial, A., Gomez, P., Brana, T. y Varela, J. (2014). Actitudes, percepciones y uso de Internet y las redes sociales entre los adolescentes de la comunidad gallega (España). Anales de Psicología, 30(2), 642- 655. Recuperado de . ISSN 0212-9728. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ analesps.30.2.159111.
Rogow, F. (2011). Ask, don’t tell: Pedagogy for media literacy education in the next decade. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 3(1), 16-22. Recuperado de http://digitalcommons. uri.edu/jmle/vol3/iss1/8/
Rojas, H., Shah, D. y Faber, R. (1996). For the good of others: Censorship and the third-person effect. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 8(2), 163-186. Recuperado de http:// ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/2/163. short?rss=1&ssource=mfc
Steele, J. y Brown, J. (1995). Adolescent room culture: Studying media in the context of everyday life. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 551-576.
Tiedge, J., Silverblatt, A., Havice, M. y Rosenfeld R. (1991). Discrepancy between perceived first person and perceived third-person mass media effects. Journalism Quarterly, 68(2) 141-154.
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Cómo citar
Denegri C., M., Chávez H., D., Del Valle R., C., Sepúlveda A., J., & Silva L., F. (2015). Creencias y actitudes hacia los medios de comunicación en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Chile. Signo Y Pensamiento, 34(67), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp34-67.cahm
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