Palavras-chave
comunidades virtuais
Web 2.0
comunidades online
pesquisa qualitativa
estudo de caso múltiplo
Web 2.0
comunidades online
pesquisa qualitativa
estudo de caso múltiplo
Como Citar
Para uma definição da comunidade virtual. (2019). Sinal E Pensamento, 38(74). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp38-74.tdvc
Resumo
Na Internet, as comunidades de pessoas se reúnem, compartilham interesses, idéias e sentimentos comuns em toda a rede. Neste artigo, focamos no conceito de chamadas comunidades virtuais (VCs) de uma perspectiva teórica e empírica. Queremos oferecer uma definição da pesquisa secundária que possa ser útil no nível teórico e empírico. Além disso, comparamos com a definição que emerge das entrevistas, típica da perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa. As questões de pesquisa (RQs) são: (1) Como uma VC pode ser definida? e (2) como seus usuários definem uma VC? Utilizamos a tipologia de VCs de Porter para selecionar quatro estudos de caso e realizar 49 entrevistas detalhadas com seus membros. Nosso estudo aponta para a aplicabilidade e utilidade da tipologia das comunidades virtuais de Porter e sugere uma nova abordagem para definir o conceito de VC.
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Al-Saggaf, Y. (2004). The effect of online community on offline community in Saudi Arabia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 16(2), 1-16.
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Bauman, Z. (2001). The individualized society. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.
Barnes, S. B. (2008). Understanding social media from the media ecological perspective. In E. A. Konijn, S. Utz, M. Tanis & S. B. Barnes (Eds.), Mediated interpersonal communication (pp. 14-33). New York, United States: Routledge.
Bateman-Driskell, R. & Lyon, L. (2002). Are virtual communities true communities? Examining the environments and elements of community. City & Community, 1(4), 373-390.
Baym, M. K. (1998). The emergence of on-line community. In S. Jones (Ed.), CyberSociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community (pp.35-68). London/New Delhi: SAGE.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: SAGE.
Bennato, D. (2007). Individualismo reticolare e socialità virtuale. Cenni sul problema delle relazioni sociali mediate da internet. In V. Giordano & S. Parisi (Eds.), Chattare. Scenari della relazione in rete (pp pp.159-178). Roma, Italy: Meltemi.
Berti, F. (2005). Per una sociologia della comunità. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Boase, J. & Wellman, B. (2006). Personal relationships: On and off the internet. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp.709-723). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Boase, J., Horrigan J. B., Wellman, B., & Rainie, L. (2006). The strength of internet ties. Retrieved from https://www.pewinternet.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/2006/PIP_Internet_ties.pdf.pdf
Boccia-Artieri, G. (2004). I media-mondo. Forme e linguaggi dell’esperienza contemporanea. Roma: Meltemi Editore.
Brint, S. (2001). Gemeinschaft Revisited: a critique and reconstruction of the community concept. Sociological theory, 19(1), 1-23.
Bryant, C. G. A. & Jary, D. (Eds.). (1997). Anthony Giddens: critical assessments (Vol. 4). London/New York: Routledge.
Castells, M. (2000). The information age: economy, society and culture. The rise of the network society (Vol.1). Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (2001). The internet galaxy. Oxford: University Press.
Castells, M. (2008). Afterword. In J. E. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of mobile communication studies (pp. 447-451). Cambridge/Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Catalbianco, C. (2005). Introduzione. In C. Catalbianco & G. Gianturco, Giovani oltre confine (pp.15-40). Rome, Italy: Carocci.
Cohen, A. P. (1985). The symbolic construction of community. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.
Colella, F. (2009). Biografie Atipiche. Milano: Guerini Scientifica.
Comunello, F. (2010). Networked Sociability. Milano: Guerini Scientifica.
Corbetta, P. (1999). Metodologie e tecniche della ricerca sociale. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Delanty, G. (2003). Community. London: Routledge.
Fabietti, U. (1999). Comunità “dense”, comunità “immaginate”, comunità “virtuali“. In P. Carbone & P. Ferri (Eds.), Comunità virtuali (pp. 43-60). Milano, Italy: Mimesis Edizioni.
Fabietti, U. (2002). Il traffico delle culture. In U. Fabietti, R. Malighetti & V. Matera, Dal tribale al globale: introduzione all'antropologia (pp. 91-136). Milano, Italy: Bruno Mondadori.
Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Majchrzak, A. (2011). Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization science, 22(5), 1224-1239. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0614
Farci, M., Boccia-Artieri, G., Giglietto, F. & Rossi, L. (2016). Networked intimacy. Intimacy and friendship among Italian Facebook users. Information, Communication & Society 20(5), 784-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1203970
Fernback, J. (2007). Beyond the diluted community concept: a symbolic interactionist perspective on online social relations. New media & society, 9(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807072417
Frisby, D. & Featherstone, M. (Eds.). (1997). Simmel on Culture. Selected Writings. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: SAGE Publication.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: a critical introduction. Los Angeles/London/New Delhi/Singapore: SAGE.
Gianturco, G. (2005). L’intervista qualitativa. Dal discorso al testo scritto. Milano: Guerini Studio.
Gergen, K. J. (2002). The challenge of absent presence. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp. 227-241). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Giordano, V. & Parisi, S. (2007). Premessa. In V. Giordano & S. Parisi (Eds.), Chattare: scenari della relazione in rete (pp. 19-24). Rome, Italy: Meltemi.
Goleman, D. (2006). Inteligencia social: la nueva ciencia de las relaciones humanas. Editorial Kairós.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
Hampton, K. N. & Wellman, B. (1999). Netville online and offline: observing and surveying a wired suburb. American behavioral scientist, 43(3), 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955290
Hillery, G. A. Jr. (1955). Definitions of community: areas of agreement. Rural sociology, 20, 111-123.
Hootsuite. (2017). New Research Reveals Global Social Media Use Increased by 21 Percent in 2016. Retrieved from https://hootsuite.com/newsroom/press-releases/digital-in-2017-report
Howard, P. N. & Jones, S. (2004). Society online. The internet in context. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Katz, J. E. (2003). A nation of ghosts? Choreography of mobile communication in public spaces. In K. Nyíri (Ed.), Mobile democracy: essays on society, self and politics (pp. 21-31). Vienna, Austria: Passagen Verlag.
Katz J. E. & Aakhus M. A. (2002). Conclusion: Making meaning of mobiles – a theory of Apparatgeist. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp.301-318). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Katz, J. E., Rice, R. E., Acord, S., Dasgupta, K. & David, K. (2004). Personal mediated communication and the concept of community in theory and practice. In P. Kalbfleisch (Ed.), Communication and community, communication yearbook 28 (pp. 315-371). Mahwah, NJ, United States: Erlbaum.
Kavanaugh, A., Carroll, J. M., Rosson, M. B., Zin, T. T., & Reese, D. D. (2005). Community networks: Where offline communities meet online. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00266.x
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-1032.
Kim, S. D. (2002). Korea: personal meanings. In J. Katz & M. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual Contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp. 63-79). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Jones, Q. (1997). Virtual-communities, virtual settlements & cyber-archaeology: a theoretical outline. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00075.x.
Lazar, J. & Preece, J. (1998). Classification schema for online communities. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1457&context=amcis1998.
Lee, F. S. L., Vogel, D., & Limayem, M. (2003). Virtual community informatics: a review and research agenda. The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 5(1), 47-61.
Lévy, P. (1995). Qu’est-ce que le virtuel? Paris: La Découverte.
Lewins, A. & Silver, C. (2007). Using software in qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications.
Longboan, L. C. (2011). E-gorots: exploring indigenous identity in translocal spaces. South East Asia Research, 19(2), 319-341. https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2011.0042.
Losito, G. (2004). L’intervista nella ricerca sociale. Rome/Bari: Laterza.
McMillan, D. W. & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: a definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I.
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Mascheroni, G. (2007). Le comunità viaggianti. Socialità reticolare e mobile dei viaggiatori indipendenti. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Matzat, U. (2004). Cooperation and community on the internet: past issues and present perspectives for theoretical-empirical internet research. Analyse & Kritik, 26, 63-90. https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-2004-0104
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Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Bauman, Z. (2001). The individualized society. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.
Barnes, S. B. (2008). Understanding social media from the media ecological perspective. In E. A. Konijn, S. Utz, M. Tanis & S. B. Barnes (Eds.), Mediated interpersonal communication (pp. 14-33). New York, United States: Routledge.
Bateman-Driskell, R. & Lyon, L. (2002). Are virtual communities true communities? Examining the environments and elements of community. City & Community, 1(4), 373-390.
Baym, M. K. (1998). The emergence of on-line community. In S. Jones (Ed.), CyberSociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community (pp.35-68). London/New Delhi: SAGE.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: SAGE.
Bennato, D. (2007). Individualismo reticolare e socialità virtuale. Cenni sul problema delle relazioni sociali mediate da internet. In V. Giordano & S. Parisi (Eds.), Chattare. Scenari della relazione in rete (pp pp.159-178). Roma, Italy: Meltemi.
Berti, F. (2005). Per una sociologia della comunità. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Boase, J. & Wellman, B. (2006). Personal relationships: On and off the internet. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp.709-723). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Boase, J., Horrigan J. B., Wellman, B., & Rainie, L. (2006). The strength of internet ties. Retrieved from https://www.pewinternet.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/2006/PIP_Internet_ties.pdf.pdf
Boccia-Artieri, G. (2004). I media-mondo. Forme e linguaggi dell’esperienza contemporanea. Roma: Meltemi Editore.
Brint, S. (2001). Gemeinschaft Revisited: a critique and reconstruction of the community concept. Sociological theory, 19(1), 1-23.
Bryant, C. G. A. & Jary, D. (Eds.). (1997). Anthony Giddens: critical assessments (Vol. 4). London/New York: Routledge.
Castells, M. (2000). The information age: economy, society and culture. The rise of the network society (Vol.1). Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (2001). The internet galaxy. Oxford: University Press.
Castells, M. (2008). Afterword. In J. E. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of mobile communication studies (pp. 447-451). Cambridge/Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Catalbianco, C. (2005). Introduzione. In C. Catalbianco & G. Gianturco, Giovani oltre confine (pp.15-40). Rome, Italy: Carocci.
Cohen, A. P. (1985). The symbolic construction of community. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.
Colella, F. (2009). Biografie Atipiche. Milano: Guerini Scientifica.
Comunello, F. (2010). Networked Sociability. Milano: Guerini Scientifica.
Corbetta, P. (1999). Metodologie e tecniche della ricerca sociale. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Delanty, G. (2003). Community. London: Routledge.
Fabietti, U. (1999). Comunità “dense”, comunità “immaginate”, comunità “virtuali“. In P. Carbone & P. Ferri (Eds.), Comunità virtuali (pp. 43-60). Milano, Italy: Mimesis Edizioni.
Fabietti, U. (2002). Il traffico delle culture. In U. Fabietti, R. Malighetti & V. Matera, Dal tribale al globale: introduzione all'antropologia (pp. 91-136). Milano, Italy: Bruno Mondadori.
Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Majchrzak, A. (2011). Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization science, 22(5), 1224-1239. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0614
Farci, M., Boccia-Artieri, G., Giglietto, F. & Rossi, L. (2016). Networked intimacy. Intimacy and friendship among Italian Facebook users. Information, Communication & Society 20(5), 784-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1203970
Fernback, J. (2007). Beyond the diluted community concept: a symbolic interactionist perspective on online social relations. New media & society, 9(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807072417
Frisby, D. & Featherstone, M. (Eds.). (1997). Simmel on Culture. Selected Writings. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: SAGE Publication.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: a critical introduction. Los Angeles/London/New Delhi/Singapore: SAGE.
Gianturco, G. (2005). L’intervista qualitativa. Dal discorso al testo scritto. Milano: Guerini Studio.
Gergen, K. J. (2002). The challenge of absent presence. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp. 227-241). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Giordano, V. & Parisi, S. (2007). Premessa. In V. Giordano & S. Parisi (Eds.), Chattare: scenari della relazione in rete (pp. 19-24). Rome, Italy: Meltemi.
Goleman, D. (2006). Inteligencia social: la nueva ciencia de las relaciones humanas. Editorial Kairós.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
Hampton, K. N. & Wellman, B. (1999). Netville online and offline: observing and surveying a wired suburb. American behavioral scientist, 43(3), 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955290
Hillery, G. A. Jr. (1955). Definitions of community: areas of agreement. Rural sociology, 20, 111-123.
Hootsuite. (2017). New Research Reveals Global Social Media Use Increased by 21 Percent in 2016. Retrieved from https://hootsuite.com/newsroom/press-releases/digital-in-2017-report
Howard, P. N. & Jones, S. (2004). Society online. The internet in context. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Katz, J. E. (2003). A nation of ghosts? Choreography of mobile communication in public spaces. In K. Nyíri (Ed.), Mobile democracy: essays on society, self and politics (pp. 21-31). Vienna, Austria: Passagen Verlag.
Katz J. E. & Aakhus M. A. (2002). Conclusion: Making meaning of mobiles – a theory of Apparatgeist. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp.301-318). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Katz, J. E., Rice, R. E., Acord, S., Dasgupta, K. & David, K. (2004). Personal mediated communication and the concept of community in theory and practice. In P. Kalbfleisch (Ed.), Communication and community, communication yearbook 28 (pp. 315-371). Mahwah, NJ, United States: Erlbaum.
Kavanaugh, A., Carroll, J. M., Rosson, M. B., Zin, T. T., & Reese, D. D. (2005). Community networks: Where offline communities meet online. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00266.x
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-1032.
Kim, S. D. (2002). Korea: personal meanings. In J. Katz & M. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual Contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp. 63-79). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Jones, Q. (1997). Virtual-communities, virtual settlements & cyber-archaeology: a theoretical outline. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00075.x.
Lazar, J. & Preece, J. (1998). Classification schema for online communities. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1457&context=amcis1998.
Lee, F. S. L., Vogel, D., & Limayem, M. (2003). Virtual community informatics: a review and research agenda. The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 5(1), 47-61.
Lévy, P. (1995). Qu’est-ce que le virtuel? Paris: La Découverte.
Lewins, A. & Silver, C. (2007). Using software in qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications.
Longboan, L. C. (2011). E-gorots: exploring indigenous identity in translocal spaces. South East Asia Research, 19(2), 319-341. https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2011.0042.
Losito, G. (2004). L’intervista nella ricerca sociale. Rome/Bari: Laterza.
McMillan, D. W. & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: a definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I.
Markus, U. (2002). Characterizing the virtual community (5th edition). SAP Design Guild.
Mascheroni, G. (2007). Le comunità viaggianti. Socialità reticolare e mobile dei viaggiatori indipendenti. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Matzat, U. (2004). Cooperation and community on the internet: past issues and present perspectives for theoretical-empirical internet research. Analyse & Kritik, 26, 63-90. https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-2004-0104
Merton, R. K. (1946). Mass persuasion. The social psychology of a war bond drive. New York/London: Harper & Brothers Publishers.
Miles, M. & Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. London: SAGE.
Nancy, J. L. (1991). The inoperative community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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