Palavras-chave
jornalismo investigativo
calamidades
conflitos socioambientais
extrativismo
calamidades
conflitos socioambientais
extrativismo
Como Citar
As três W do jornalismo de profundidade que retratam os conflitos socioambientais na televisão chilena: O Que (a agenda), Quem (as fontes) e Onde (os locais). (2022). Sinal E Pensamento, 40(79). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp40-79.twdj
Resumo
Este artigo oferece um estudo de caso do telejornalismo investigativo chileno na descoberta de desastres e conflitos socioambientais. A partir de análise de 17 histórias de longa-metragem veiculadas pelos dois principais programas de televisão sobre questões de atualidade no país, mostramos que as reportagens aprofundadas na televisão chilena narraram alguns dos problemas ambientais mais agudos desde a década de 1990. De fato, quase 13 horas de material compõem uma memória visual dos conflitos numa sociedade alimentada por uma economia de base extrativista. É notável a diversidade geográfica tanto na hora de cobrir o meio-ambiente, quanto na hora de cobrir a produção de resíduos e a poluição. Apesar de uma relativa diversidade nas fontes, há forte desequilíbrio na representação de género. Este artigo aborda a pesquisa muito necessária sobre o meio ambiente e a comunicação, enquanto a maioria destes estudos dá atenção às nações industrializadas.
Ananías, Cecilia, and Karen Vergara. 2016. “Tratamiento Informativo Del Feminicidio En Los Medios de Comunicación Digitales Chilenos En Marzo de 2016: Una Aproximación Al Horizonte Actual Desde La Perspectiva de Género.” Comunicación y Medios, no. 34: 52–69.
Andersson, L. 2017. “Where Technology Goes to Die: Representations of Electronic Waste in Global Television News.” Environmental Communication 11 (2): 263–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1233127.
Antezana, Lorena. 2007. “Los Jóvenes ‘En’ Los Noticieros Televisivos Chilenos.” Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias de La Comunicación, no. 5: 154–63.
Arriagada, Arturo, Teresa Correa, Andrés Scherman, and Josefina Abarzúa. 2014. “Diarios de Vida de Las Audiencias Chilenas.” Santiago de Chile.
Bailey, A., L. Giangola, and M. Boykoff. 2014. “How Grammatical Choice Shapes Media Representations of Climate (Un)Certainty.” Environmental Communication 8 (2): 197–215.
Boycoff, M. 2009. “We Speak for the Trees: Media Reporting on the Environment.” Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., no. 34: 431–457.
Bresnahan, Rosalind. 2003. “The Media and the Neoliberal Transition in Chile: Democratic Promise Unfulfilled.” Latin American Perspectives 30 (6): 39–68.
Brown, Kendall W. 2012. A History of Mining in Latin America : From the Colonial Era to the Present. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Campbell, V. 2014. “Framing Environmental Risks and Natural Disasters in Factual Entertainment Television.” Environmental Communication 8 (1): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.848222.
Carabaza, J., J.C. Lozano, J. González, L. Pasco, L. Reyes, A. Berumen, and P. Álvarez. 2007. “Cobertura Del Medio Ambiente En La Televisión Mexicana.” Comunicación y Sociedad, no. 7: 45–76.
Carson, Andrea. 2014. “The Political Economy of the Print Media and the Decline of Corporate Investigative Journalism in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 726–42. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.963025 The.
Castillo, O. 2014. “La Construcción Social y Los Imaginarios Sociopolíticos Del Desastre: Una Reflexión Sobre Las Inundaciones En Zona Diamante.” El Cotidiano, no. 187: 249–63.
Christensen, M., A. Åberg, S. Lidström, and K. Larsen. 2018. “Environmental Themes in Popular Narratives.” Environmental Communication 12 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1421802.
CNTV. 2014. “Cobertura Televisiva Del Terremoto En La Zona Norte e Incendio En Valparaíso. Percepciones de La Audiencia.” Santiago de Chile.
———. 2015. “Cobertura Televisiva de Desastres. La Visión de Periodistas En Terreno y Editores.” Santiago de Chile.
———. 2019. “Anuario Estadístico: Oferta y Consumo de Televisión 2019.” Santiago de Chile.
Cottle, Simon. 2005. “In Defence of ‘Thick’ Journalism; or How Television Journalism Could Be Good for Us.” In Journalism: Critical Issues, edited by Stuart Allan, 109–24. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Cox, R. 2007. “Nature’s ‘Crisis Disciplines’: Does Environmental Communication Have an Ethical Duty?” Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture 1 (1): 5–20.
Cunningham, S. 2018. “The Story of an Emerging Energy Issue: National Television News Coverage of Fracking in the United States.” Environmental Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1548370.
Dotson, D., S. Jacobson, L. Kaid, and J.S. Carlton. 2012. “Media Coverage of Climate Change in Chile: A Content Analysis of Conservative and Liberal Newspapers.” Environmental Communication 6 (1): 64–81.
Echegoyemberry, N. 2018. “Grietas En La Ciudadanía: Interseccionalidad de Género, Ambiente y Territorios y Derechos Humanos.” Revista Uruguaya de Antropología y Etnografía 3 (2): 23–41.
Eckstein, D., M. Hutfils, and M. Winges. 2018. “Global Climate Risk Index 2019: Why Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-Related Loss Events in 2017 and 1998 to 2017.” Berlin.
Ettema, J., and T. Glasser. 1998. Custodians of Conscience. Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. New York: Columbia University Press.
Evans, S., and Y.E. Park. 2018. “On the Field of Environmental Communication: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature.” Environmental Communication 12 (7): 862–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1514315.
Figueroa, Víctor. 2013. Industrial Colonialism in Latin America : The Third Stage. Leiden: Brill.
Fuentes, Carola. 2006. “¿Es Viable El Periodismo Investigativo?” Cuadernos de Información, no. 19: 70–75.
Fuenzalida, Valerio. 1991. Televisión, Pobreza y Desarrollo. Santiago de Chile: CPU Corporación de Promoción Universitaria.
Geertz, C. 2008. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In The Cultural Geography Reader, edited by T. Oakes and P. Price, 29–40. New York: Routledge.
Giannoulis, C., I. Botetzagias, and C. Skanavis. 2010. “Newspaper Reporters’ Priorities and Beliefs About Environmental Journalism: An Application of Q-Methodology.” Science Communication 32 (4): 425–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547010364927.
Gibson, T., R. Craig, A. Harper, and J. Alpert. 2015. “Covering Global Warming in Dubious Times: Environmental Reporters in the New Media Ecosystem.” Journalism 17 (4): 1/18.
Godoy, Sergio, and Ma. Elena Gronemeyer. 2012. “Mapping Digital Media: Chile.” London.
Gordon, J., T. Deines, and J. Havice. 2010. “Global Warming Coverage in the Media: Trends in a Mexico City Newspaper.” Science Communication 32 (2): 143–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547009340336.
Gordon, Todd, and Jeffery R. Webber. 2016. Blood of Extraction Canadian Imperialism in Latin America. Black Point: Fernwood Publishing.
Hamilton, James T. 2016. Democracy’s Detectives. The Economics of Investigative Journalism. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.
Hanitzsch, Thomas. 2007. “Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory.” Communication Theory, no. 17: 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x.
Hugues, Sallie. 2006. Newsrooms in Conflict. Journalism and the Democratization of Mexico. Pitts: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Hurtado, María de la Luz. 1989. Historia de La Televisión En Chile (1958-1973). Santiago de Chile: Ceneca.
INE-CNCA. 2015. “Cultura y Tiempo Libre. Informe Anual 2014.” Santiago de Chile.
Jenkins, Rhys. 2000. Industry and Environment in Latin America. London, New York: Routledge.
Klein, Naomi. 2007. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. 1st ed. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Knowles, S. 2014a. “Engineering Risk and Disaster: Disaster-STS and the American History Technology.” Engineering Studies 6 (33): 227–48.
———. 2014b. “Learning from Disaster? The History of Technology and the Future of Disaster Research.” Technology and Culture 55 (4): 773–84.
Larrosa-Fuentes, J. 2018. “Narrativas Periodísticas y Memoria Colectiva de Una Catástrofe Urbana: El Caso de Las Explosiones Del 22 de Abril En La Prensa de Guadalajara.” Comunicación y Sociedad, no. 31: 123–45.
McChesney, Robert W. 1999. Rich Media, Poor Democracy. Communication Politics in Dubious Times. 1ts. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois.
Mellado, Claudia, and Claudia Lagos. 2014. “Professional Roles in News Content: Analyzing Journalistic Performance in the Chilean National Press.” International Journal of Communication 8: 2090–2112. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2651.
Mercado, M.T. 2012. “Media Representations of Climate Change in the Argentinean Press.” Journalism Studies 13 (2): 193–209.
Mihelj, Sabina, and Simon Huxtable. 2018. From Media Systems to Media Cultures. Understanding Socialist Television. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mioli, Teresa, and Ismael Nafría, eds. 2017. “Innovative Journalism in Latin America.” Austin. https://knightcenter.utexas.edu/books/IJENGLISH1.pdf.
Mujica, Constanza, and I. Bachmann. 2013. “Melodramatic Profiles of Chilean Newscasts: The Case of Emotionalization.” International Journal of Communication, no. 7: 1801–20.
Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2020. “Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020.” London.
Newson, D. 1988. “Manejo de La Información.” Chasqui, no. 28: 54/58.
O’Donnell, Guillermo. 2007. Dissonances. Democratic Critiques of Democracy. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame.
Orgeret, Kristin Skare. 2018. “Cheap Clothes: Distant Disasters. Journalism Turning Suffering into Practical Action.” Journalism 19 (7): 976–93.
Paley, J. 2001. Marketing Democracy. Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Palma Millanao, Karla. 2015. “Technologies of Mining Production: Space, Discourse, New Materialities, and Media.” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Porath, William, Constanza Mujica, and Francisco Maldonado. 2009. “Desde Las Trincheras: Las Noticias Extranjeras En La Televisión Chilena y La Emoción de Ver Actuaciones Deportivas Nacionales.” Comunicación y Pluralismo, no. 8: 29–63.
Protess, D., F. Cook, J. Doppelt, J. Ettema, M. Gordon, D. Leff, and P. Miller. 1991. The Journalism of Outrage. Investigative Reporting and Agenda Building in America. New York: The Guildofrd Press.
Puente, S., S. Pellegrini, and D. Grassau. 2013. “How to Measure Professional Journalistic Standards in Television News Coverage of Disasters? 27-F Earthquake in Chile.” International Journal of Communication, no. 7: 1896–1911.
Rose, Gillian. 2016. Visual Methodologies. An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. 4th. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Saldaña, Magdalena, and Rachel R. Mourão. 2018. “Reporting in Latin America: Issues and Perspectives on Investigative Journalism in the Region.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23 (3): 299–323. https://doi.org/i.org/10.1177/1940161218782397.
Sassen, S. 1991. The Global City. Princeton.: Princeton University Press.
SERNAGEOMIN. 2020. “Anuario de La Minería.” Santiago de Chile. https://www.sernageomin.cl/pdf/anuario_2019_act100720.pdf.
Skoknic, Francisca. 2013. “El Nuevo Periodismo de Investigación: Digital y Sin Fines de Lucro.” In Intermedios: Medios de Comunicación y Democracia En Chile, edited by Arturo Arriagada and Patricio Navia, 225–41. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales.
Stein, Sarah. 2001. “Legitimating TV Journalism in 60 Minutes: The Ramifications of Subordinating the Visual to the Primacy of the Word.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 18 (3): 249–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393180128087.
Szeman, I. 2017. “On the Politics of Extraction.” Cultural Studies 31 (2–3): 440–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2017.1303436.
Takahashi, B., and M. Meisner. 2012. “Climate Change in Peruvian Newspapers: The Role of Foreign Voices in a Context of Vulnerability.” Public Understanding of Science 22 (4): 427–42.
Temper, Leah, Daniela del Bene, and Joan Martinez-Alier. 2015. “Mapping the Frontiers and Front Lines of Global Environmental Justice: The EJAtlas.” Journal of Political Ecology, no. 255–278: 255–78. http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_22/Temper.pdf.
Ulloa, María José. 2020. “Tras Denuncia Del CNTV: Confirman Multa a TVN Tras Reportaje ‘Sensacionalista’ Sobre Fernanda Maciel.” El Desconcierto, July 6, 2020.
Valdés, Juan Gabriel. 1989. La Escuela de Chicago: Operación Chile. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Zeta.
Zamith, R., J. Pinto, and M.E. Villar. 2012. “Constructing Climate Change in the Americas: An Analysis of News Coverage in U.S. and South American Newspapers.” Science Communication 35 (3): 334–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012457470.
Zelizer, Barbie, and Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt, eds. 2014. Journalism and Memory. England, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
Andersson, L. 2017. “Where Technology Goes to Die: Representations of Electronic Waste in Global Television News.” Environmental Communication 11 (2): 263–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1233127.
Antezana, Lorena. 2007. “Los Jóvenes ‘En’ Los Noticieros Televisivos Chilenos.” Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias de La Comunicación, no. 5: 154–63.
Arriagada, Arturo, Teresa Correa, Andrés Scherman, and Josefina Abarzúa. 2014. “Diarios de Vida de Las Audiencias Chilenas.” Santiago de Chile.
Bailey, A., L. Giangola, and M. Boykoff. 2014. “How Grammatical Choice Shapes Media Representations of Climate (Un)Certainty.” Environmental Communication 8 (2): 197–215.
Boycoff, M. 2009. “We Speak for the Trees: Media Reporting on the Environment.” Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., no. 34: 431–457.
Bresnahan, Rosalind. 2003. “The Media and the Neoliberal Transition in Chile: Democratic Promise Unfulfilled.” Latin American Perspectives 30 (6): 39–68.
Brown, Kendall W. 2012. A History of Mining in Latin America : From the Colonial Era to the Present. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Campbell, V. 2014. “Framing Environmental Risks and Natural Disasters in Factual Entertainment Television.” Environmental Communication 8 (1): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.848222.
Carabaza, J., J.C. Lozano, J. González, L. Pasco, L. Reyes, A. Berumen, and P. Álvarez. 2007. “Cobertura Del Medio Ambiente En La Televisión Mexicana.” Comunicación y Sociedad, no. 7: 45–76.
Carson, Andrea. 2014. “The Political Economy of the Print Media and the Decline of Corporate Investigative Journalism in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 726–42. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.963025 The.
Castillo, O. 2014. “La Construcción Social y Los Imaginarios Sociopolíticos Del Desastre: Una Reflexión Sobre Las Inundaciones En Zona Diamante.” El Cotidiano, no. 187: 249–63.
Christensen, M., A. Åberg, S. Lidström, and K. Larsen. 2018. “Environmental Themes in Popular Narratives.” Environmental Communication 12 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1421802.
CNTV. 2014. “Cobertura Televisiva Del Terremoto En La Zona Norte e Incendio En Valparaíso. Percepciones de La Audiencia.” Santiago de Chile.
———. 2015. “Cobertura Televisiva de Desastres. La Visión de Periodistas En Terreno y Editores.” Santiago de Chile.
———. 2019. “Anuario Estadístico: Oferta y Consumo de Televisión 2019.” Santiago de Chile.
Cottle, Simon. 2005. “In Defence of ‘Thick’ Journalism; or How Television Journalism Could Be Good for Us.” In Journalism: Critical Issues, edited by Stuart Allan, 109–24. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Cox, R. 2007. “Nature’s ‘Crisis Disciplines’: Does Environmental Communication Have an Ethical Duty?” Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture 1 (1): 5–20.
Cunningham, S. 2018. “The Story of an Emerging Energy Issue: National Television News Coverage of Fracking in the United States.” Environmental Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1548370.
Dotson, D., S. Jacobson, L. Kaid, and J.S. Carlton. 2012. “Media Coverage of Climate Change in Chile: A Content Analysis of Conservative and Liberal Newspapers.” Environmental Communication 6 (1): 64–81.
Echegoyemberry, N. 2018. “Grietas En La Ciudadanía: Interseccionalidad de Género, Ambiente y Territorios y Derechos Humanos.” Revista Uruguaya de Antropología y Etnografía 3 (2): 23–41.
Eckstein, D., M. Hutfils, and M. Winges. 2018. “Global Climate Risk Index 2019: Why Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-Related Loss Events in 2017 and 1998 to 2017.” Berlin.
Ettema, J., and T. Glasser. 1998. Custodians of Conscience. Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. New York: Columbia University Press.
Evans, S., and Y.E. Park. 2018. “On the Field of Environmental Communication: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature.” Environmental Communication 12 (7): 862–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1514315.
Figueroa, Víctor. 2013. Industrial Colonialism in Latin America : The Third Stage. Leiden: Brill.
Fuentes, Carola. 2006. “¿Es Viable El Periodismo Investigativo?” Cuadernos de Información, no. 19: 70–75.
Fuenzalida, Valerio. 1991. Televisión, Pobreza y Desarrollo. Santiago de Chile: CPU Corporación de Promoción Universitaria.
Geertz, C. 2008. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In The Cultural Geography Reader, edited by T. Oakes and P. Price, 29–40. New York: Routledge.
Giannoulis, C., I. Botetzagias, and C. Skanavis. 2010. “Newspaper Reporters’ Priorities and Beliefs About Environmental Journalism: An Application of Q-Methodology.” Science Communication 32 (4): 425–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547010364927.
Gibson, T., R. Craig, A. Harper, and J. Alpert. 2015. “Covering Global Warming in Dubious Times: Environmental Reporters in the New Media Ecosystem.” Journalism 17 (4): 1/18.
Godoy, Sergio, and Ma. Elena Gronemeyer. 2012. “Mapping Digital Media: Chile.” London.
Gordon, J., T. Deines, and J. Havice. 2010. “Global Warming Coverage in the Media: Trends in a Mexico City Newspaper.” Science Communication 32 (2): 143–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547009340336.
Gordon, Todd, and Jeffery R. Webber. 2016. Blood of Extraction Canadian Imperialism in Latin America. Black Point: Fernwood Publishing.
Hamilton, James T. 2016. Democracy’s Detectives. The Economics of Investigative Journalism. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.
Hanitzsch, Thomas. 2007. “Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory.” Communication Theory, no. 17: 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x.
Hugues, Sallie. 2006. Newsrooms in Conflict. Journalism and the Democratization of Mexico. Pitts: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Hurtado, María de la Luz. 1989. Historia de La Televisión En Chile (1958-1973). Santiago de Chile: Ceneca.
INE-CNCA. 2015. “Cultura y Tiempo Libre. Informe Anual 2014.” Santiago de Chile.
Jenkins, Rhys. 2000. Industry and Environment in Latin America. London, New York: Routledge.
Klein, Naomi. 2007. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. 1st ed. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Knowles, S. 2014a. “Engineering Risk and Disaster: Disaster-STS and the American History Technology.” Engineering Studies 6 (33): 227–48.
———. 2014b. “Learning from Disaster? The History of Technology and the Future of Disaster Research.” Technology and Culture 55 (4): 773–84.
Larrosa-Fuentes, J. 2018. “Narrativas Periodísticas y Memoria Colectiva de Una Catástrofe Urbana: El Caso de Las Explosiones Del 22 de Abril En La Prensa de Guadalajara.” Comunicación y Sociedad, no. 31: 123–45.
McChesney, Robert W. 1999. Rich Media, Poor Democracy. Communication Politics in Dubious Times. 1ts. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois.
Mellado, Claudia, and Claudia Lagos. 2014. “Professional Roles in News Content: Analyzing Journalistic Performance in the Chilean National Press.” International Journal of Communication 8: 2090–2112. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2651.
Mercado, M.T. 2012. “Media Representations of Climate Change in the Argentinean Press.” Journalism Studies 13 (2): 193–209.
Mihelj, Sabina, and Simon Huxtable. 2018. From Media Systems to Media Cultures. Understanding Socialist Television. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mioli, Teresa, and Ismael Nafría, eds. 2017. “Innovative Journalism in Latin America.” Austin. https://knightcenter.utexas.edu/books/IJENGLISH1.pdf.
Mujica, Constanza, and I. Bachmann. 2013. “Melodramatic Profiles of Chilean Newscasts: The Case of Emotionalization.” International Journal of Communication, no. 7: 1801–20.
Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2020. “Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020.” London.
Newson, D. 1988. “Manejo de La Información.” Chasqui, no. 28: 54/58.
O’Donnell, Guillermo. 2007. Dissonances. Democratic Critiques of Democracy. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame.
Orgeret, Kristin Skare. 2018. “Cheap Clothes: Distant Disasters. Journalism Turning Suffering into Practical Action.” Journalism 19 (7): 976–93.
Paley, J. 2001. Marketing Democracy. Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Palma Millanao, Karla. 2015. “Technologies of Mining Production: Space, Discourse, New Materialities, and Media.” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Porath, William, Constanza Mujica, and Francisco Maldonado. 2009. “Desde Las Trincheras: Las Noticias Extranjeras En La Televisión Chilena y La Emoción de Ver Actuaciones Deportivas Nacionales.” Comunicación y Pluralismo, no. 8: 29–63.
Protess, D., F. Cook, J. Doppelt, J. Ettema, M. Gordon, D. Leff, and P. Miller. 1991. The Journalism of Outrage. Investigative Reporting and Agenda Building in America. New York: The Guildofrd Press.
Puente, S., S. Pellegrini, and D. Grassau. 2013. “How to Measure Professional Journalistic Standards in Television News Coverage of Disasters? 27-F Earthquake in Chile.” International Journal of Communication, no. 7: 1896–1911.
Rose, Gillian. 2016. Visual Methodologies. An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. 4th. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Saldaña, Magdalena, and Rachel R. Mourão. 2018. “Reporting in Latin America: Issues and Perspectives on Investigative Journalism in the Region.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23 (3): 299–323. https://doi.org/i.org/10.1177/1940161218782397.
Sassen, S. 1991. The Global City. Princeton.: Princeton University Press.
SERNAGEOMIN. 2020. “Anuario de La Minería.” Santiago de Chile. https://www.sernageomin.cl/pdf/anuario_2019_act100720.pdf.
Skoknic, Francisca. 2013. “El Nuevo Periodismo de Investigación: Digital y Sin Fines de Lucro.” In Intermedios: Medios de Comunicación y Democracia En Chile, edited by Arturo Arriagada and Patricio Navia, 225–41. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales.
Stein, Sarah. 2001. “Legitimating TV Journalism in 60 Minutes: The Ramifications of Subordinating the Visual to the Primacy of the Word.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 18 (3): 249–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393180128087.
Szeman, I. 2017. “On the Politics of Extraction.” Cultural Studies 31 (2–3): 440–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2017.1303436.
Takahashi, B., and M. Meisner. 2012. “Climate Change in Peruvian Newspapers: The Role of Foreign Voices in a Context of Vulnerability.” Public Understanding of Science 22 (4): 427–42.
Temper, Leah, Daniela del Bene, and Joan Martinez-Alier. 2015. “Mapping the Frontiers and Front Lines of Global Environmental Justice: The EJAtlas.” Journal of Political Ecology, no. 255–278: 255–78. http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_22/Temper.pdf.
Ulloa, María José. 2020. “Tras Denuncia Del CNTV: Confirman Multa a TVN Tras Reportaje ‘Sensacionalista’ Sobre Fernanda Maciel.” El Desconcierto, July 6, 2020.
Valdés, Juan Gabriel. 1989. La Escuela de Chicago: Operación Chile. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Zeta.
Zamith, R., J. Pinto, and M.E. Villar. 2012. “Constructing Climate Change in the Americas: An Analysis of News Coverage in U.S. and South American Newspapers.” Science Communication 35 (3): 334–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012457470.
Zelizer, Barbie, and Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt, eds. 2014. Journalism and Memory. England, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Claudia Lagos Lira, Karla Palma, Florencia Limonado