This article discusses the theological, ecclesiastic and social response to the Liberation Theology in Mexico between 1968 and 2012, in the context of the conciliar renewal experienced by Latin American churches. It highlights the role played by various actors: bishops, professional theologians, higher education centers, theological journals, and civil organizations of Christian inspiration. Since direct bibliographical sources on the topic are scarce, the article gives an overview of a period in the history of Mexican theology on which little research has been done.