Redescubrir el valor semántico de אמן in qal
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Oct 9, 2017
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Dempsey Rosales-Acosta
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-5569
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-5569
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Resumo
El estudio presenta un ensayo filológico y semántico del verbo אמן con el fin de resaltar el valor semántico de su Wortfeld en la conjugación qal. La mayoría de los estudios filológicos y exegéticos ha omitido el análisis de este lexema en qal al haberlo considerado marginal, ya que sus investigaciones enfatizan las formas nifal e hifil del lexema como la plataforma semántica básica que impregna todas las formas gramaticales del shoresh אמן. En este ensayo se propone una opinión diversa. La conjugación qal presentaría el sustrato semántico primitivo que impregna todas las formas gramaticales del lexema אמן , que se convierte en la plataforma semántica sobre la cual se construyen los significados de las formas nifal y hifil de la raíz en estudio.
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References
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Andrason, Alexander, and Christo H. J. Van Der Merwe. “The Semantic Potential of Verbal Conjugations as a set of Polysemous Senses: The Qatal in Genesis.” Hebrew Studies 56 (2015): 71-88.
Arnold, T. Bill and John H. Choi. A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Beal, Timothy. Esther. Berit Olam. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 1999.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Isaiah 40–55. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2000.
_____. Isaiah 56–66. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2003.
Brown, Francis, Samuel Rolles Driver, and Charles Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906 (1951).
Bruckner, James K. Exodus. Peabody (MA): Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.
Brueggermann, Walter. Deuteronomy. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 2001.
Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. The Evolution of Grammar. Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago (IL)-London: Chicago University Press, 1994.
Bultmann, Rudolf. “πιστεύω.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. edited by G. Friedrich, Vol. VI, 174-182. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1973.
Campbell, Anthony and Mark O’Brien. Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2000.
Childs, Brevard S. Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2010.
_____. Isaiah. Louisville (KY)-London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge (MA)-London (UK): Harvard University Press, 1997.
Durham, John. Exodus. Waco (TX): Word Books, 1987.
Eichrodt, Walther. Theology of the Old Testament. Vol. II. Old Testament Library. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1967.
Evans, Vyvyan and Melanie Green. Cognitive Linguistics. An Introduction. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 2006.
Fitch, Tecumseh W. The Evolution of Language. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Friedberg, Albert D., and Vincent De Caen. “Dating the Composition of the Book of Esther. A Response to Larsson”. Vetus Testamentum 53, No. 3 (2003): 427-429.
Gerleman, Gillis. Esther. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1982.
Gesenius, Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm. “ מן א”. In Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon of the Old Testament, 58-59. Grand Rapids (MI): Baker Books, 2000.
Gomola, Aleksander. “From God is a Father to God is a Friend. Conceptual Integration in Metaphors for God in Christian Discourse.” In Applications of Cognitive Linguistics: Cognitive Linguistics in Action: From Theory to Application and Back, edited by Elzbieta Tabakowska, Michal Choinski, and Lukasz Wiraszka, 387-407. Berlin-New York (NY): Mouton de Gruyter, 2010.
Gray, John. I-II Kings. A Commentary. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1970.
Janda, Laura A. “Cognitive Linguistics in the Year 2015.” Cognitive Semantics 1, No. 1 (2015): 131-154.
Jepsen, Alfred. “ מן א”. In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. I, edited by J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, 292-323. (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1974.
טח“ ._____ בּ.” In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. II, edited by J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, 88-94. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977.
Joüon, Paul. Ruth. Commentaire philologique et exégétique. Roma: Biblical Institute Press, 1986.
Joüon, Paul and Takamitsu Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2 vols. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2000.
Kaiser, Otto. Der Prophet Jesaja Kapitel 13–19. Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983.
Knierim, Rolf and George W. Coats. Numbers. The Forms of the Old Testament Literature. Vol. IV. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2005.
Koehler, Ludwig, Walter Baumgartner and Johann Jakob Stamm. “ אמן .” The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol. I, 63-64. Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill, 2001.
Lakoff, George. “Conceptual Metaphor. Contemporary Theory of Mataphor.” In Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, René Dirven, and John R. Taylor, 185-238. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago, 1980.
Levenson, Jon. Esther. A Commentary. Louisville (KY): Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.
Lundbom, Jack. Jeremiah 37–52. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2004.
_____. Deuteronomy. A Commentary. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2013.
Mabee, Charles. “Judicial Instrumentality in the Ahimelech Story.” In Early Jewish and Christian Exegesis: Studies in memory of William H. Brownlee, edited by Craig A. Evans and William F. Stinespring, 17-32. Atlanta (GA): Scholars Press, 1987.
Mandelkern, Solomon. Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae Hebraicae atque Chaldaicae. Royal Oak (MI): ReInk Books, 2017 (1909).
McCarter, Peter K. I Samuel: A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary. Anchor Bible 8. Garden City (NY): Doubleday, 1980.
McKeown, James. Ruth. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2015.
Meyers, Carol. Exodus. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Moberly, Walter. “ אמן .” In New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Vol. I, edited by W. Van Gemeren, 427-433. Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 1997.
טח“ ._____ בּ.” In New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Vol. I, edited by W. Van Gemeren, 644-649. Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 1997.
Motyer, Alec J. Isaiah. An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove (IL): Inter-Varsity Press, 2009.
Nelson, Richard. Deuteronomy. A Commentary. Louisville (KY)-London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002.
Niskanen, Paul V. Isaiah 56-66. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 2014.
Noth, Martin. Numbers. A Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1968.
Nöth, Winfried. Handbook of Semiotics. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press, 1995.
Oswalt, John N. The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 40-66. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998.
Reid, Debra. Esther. An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove (IL): Inter-Varsity Press, 2008.
Richter, Sandra. “Deuteronomistic History.” In Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books, edited by Bill T. Arnold and Hugh G. M. Williamson, 219-230. Downers Grove (IL)-Leicester (UK): InterVarsity Press, 2005.
Sasson, Jack. Ruth. A New Translation with a Philological Commentary and a Formalist-Folklorist Interpretation. Baltimore (MD)-London (U.K.): John Hopkins University Press, 1979.
Schaefer, Konrad. Psalms. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 2001.
Seebass, Horst. Numeri. Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament. 2 vols. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukircherner Verlag, 2003.
Sharp, Carolyn J. Prophecy and Ideology in Jeremiah. Struggles for Authority in the Deutero-Jeremianic Prose. London (U.K.)-New York (NY): T&T Clark, 2003.
Sneed, Mark R. The Social World of the Sages. An Introduction to Israelite and Jewish Wisdom Literature. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2015.
Soulen, Richard and Kendall Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. Louisville (KY)-London (U.K.): Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
Stuhlmuller, Carroll. “Deutero-Isaiah and Trito-Isaiah”. In The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, edited by Raymond Brown. Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 2011.
Thompson, Michael. Isaiah 40-66. Eugene (OR): Wipf and Stock, 2001.
Tsumura, David Toshio. The First Book of Samuel. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans, 2007.
Vatican Council II. “Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum on Divine Revelation.” Vatican, http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/
documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html (accessed February 28, 2017).
Verburg, Pieter. Language and its Functions. Amsterdam-Philadelphia (PA): John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.
Von Rad, Gerhard. Genesis. A Commentary. Old Testament Library. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1972.
_____. Teologia dell’Antico Testamento. Vol. 1. Teologia delle tradizioni storiche d’Israele. Brescia: Paideia Editrice, 1972.
_____. Teologia dell’Antico Testamento. Vol 2. Teologia delle tradizioni profetiche d’Israele. Brescia: Paideia Editrice, 1974.
Weiser, Alfons. “πιστεύω.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Vol. VI, edited by G. Friedrich, 182-196. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1973.
Weiser, Arthur. The Psalms. A Commentary. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1962.
Westermann, Claus. Isaiah 40–66. A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1969.
Wildberger, Hans. “ אמן .” In Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol. I, edited by E. Jenni and C. Westermann, 134-157. Peabody (MA): Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.
_____. “Glauben im AT.” Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 65 (1968): 129-159.
_____. Isaiah 1–12. A Continental Commentary. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1990.
_____. Isaiah 28–39. A Continental Commentary. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1990.
Wilson, Andrew. The Nations in Deutero-Isaiah. A Study on Composition and Structure. Queenston (ON)-Lewiston (NY): Edwin Mellen Press, 1986.
Alfaro, Juan. “Fides in terminologia biblica.” Gregorianum 42, No.3 (1961): 463-505.
Andrason, Alexander, and Christo H. J. Van Der Merwe. “The Semantic Potential of Verbal Conjugations as a set of Polysemous Senses: The Qatal in Genesis.” Hebrew Studies 56 (2015): 71-88.
Arnold, T. Bill and John H. Choi. A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Beal, Timothy. Esther. Berit Olam. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 1999.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Isaiah 40–55. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2000.
_____. Isaiah 56–66. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2003.
Brown, Francis, Samuel Rolles Driver, and Charles Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906 (1951).
Bruckner, James K. Exodus. Peabody (MA): Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.
Brueggermann, Walter. Deuteronomy. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 2001.
Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. The Evolution of Grammar. Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago (IL)-London: Chicago University Press, 1994.
Bultmann, Rudolf. “πιστεύω.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. edited by G. Friedrich, Vol. VI, 174-182. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1973.
Campbell, Anthony and Mark O’Brien. Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2000.
Childs, Brevard S. Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2010.
_____. Isaiah. Louisville (KY)-London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge (MA)-London (UK): Harvard University Press, 1997.
Durham, John. Exodus. Waco (TX): Word Books, 1987.
Eichrodt, Walther. Theology of the Old Testament. Vol. II. Old Testament Library. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1967.
Evans, Vyvyan and Melanie Green. Cognitive Linguistics. An Introduction. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 2006.
Fitch, Tecumseh W. The Evolution of Language. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Friedberg, Albert D., and Vincent De Caen. “Dating the Composition of the Book of Esther. A Response to Larsson”. Vetus Testamentum 53, No. 3 (2003): 427-429.
Gerleman, Gillis. Esther. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1982.
Gesenius, Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm. “ מן א”. In Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon of the Old Testament, 58-59. Grand Rapids (MI): Baker Books, 2000.
Gomola, Aleksander. “From God is a Father to God is a Friend. Conceptual Integration in Metaphors for God in Christian Discourse.” In Applications of Cognitive Linguistics: Cognitive Linguistics in Action: From Theory to Application and Back, edited by Elzbieta Tabakowska, Michal Choinski, and Lukasz Wiraszka, 387-407. Berlin-New York (NY): Mouton de Gruyter, 2010.
Gray, John. I-II Kings. A Commentary. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1970.
Janda, Laura A. “Cognitive Linguistics in the Year 2015.” Cognitive Semantics 1, No. 1 (2015): 131-154.
Jepsen, Alfred. “ מן א”. In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. I, edited by J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, 292-323. (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1974.
טח“ ._____ בּ.” In Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol. II, edited by J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, 88-94. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977.
Joüon, Paul. Ruth. Commentaire philologique et exégétique. Roma: Biblical Institute Press, 1986.
Joüon, Paul and Takamitsu Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2 vols. Roma: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2000.
Kaiser, Otto. Der Prophet Jesaja Kapitel 13–19. Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983.
Knierim, Rolf and George W. Coats. Numbers. The Forms of the Old Testament Literature. Vol. IV. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2005.
Koehler, Ludwig, Walter Baumgartner and Johann Jakob Stamm. “ אמן .” The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol. I, 63-64. Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill, 2001.
Lakoff, George. “Conceptual Metaphor. Contemporary Theory of Mataphor.” In Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, René Dirven, and John R. Taylor, 185-238. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago, 1980.
Levenson, Jon. Esther. A Commentary. Louisville (KY): Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.
Lundbom, Jack. Jeremiah 37–52. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York-London-Toronto: Doubleday, 2004.
_____. Deuteronomy. A Commentary. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2013.
Mabee, Charles. “Judicial Instrumentality in the Ahimelech Story.” In Early Jewish and Christian Exegesis: Studies in memory of William H. Brownlee, edited by Craig A. Evans and William F. Stinespring, 17-32. Atlanta (GA): Scholars Press, 1987.
Mandelkern, Solomon. Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae Hebraicae atque Chaldaicae. Royal Oak (MI): ReInk Books, 2017 (1909).
McCarter, Peter K. I Samuel: A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary. Anchor Bible 8. Garden City (NY): Doubleday, 1980.
McKeown, James. Ruth. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2015.
Meyers, Carol. Exodus. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Moberly, Walter. “ אמן .” In New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Vol. I, edited by W. Van Gemeren, 427-433. Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 1997.
טח“ ._____ בּ.” In New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Vol. I, edited by W. Van Gemeren, 644-649. Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 1997.
Motyer, Alec J. Isaiah. An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove (IL): Inter-Varsity Press, 2009.
Nelson, Richard. Deuteronomy. A Commentary. Louisville (KY)-London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002.
Niskanen, Paul V. Isaiah 56-66. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 2014.
Noth, Martin. Numbers. A Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1968.
Nöth, Winfried. Handbook of Semiotics. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press, 1995.
Oswalt, John N. The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 40-66. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998.
Reid, Debra. Esther. An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove (IL): Inter-Varsity Press, 2008.
Richter, Sandra. “Deuteronomistic History.” In Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books, edited by Bill T. Arnold and Hugh G. M. Williamson, 219-230. Downers Grove (IL)-Leicester (UK): InterVarsity Press, 2005.
Sasson, Jack. Ruth. A New Translation with a Philological Commentary and a Formalist-Folklorist Interpretation. Baltimore (MD)-London (U.K.): John Hopkins University Press, 1979.
Schaefer, Konrad. Psalms. Collegeville (MN): Liturgical Press, 2001.
Seebass, Horst. Numeri. Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament. 2 vols. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukircherner Verlag, 2003.
Sharp, Carolyn J. Prophecy and Ideology in Jeremiah. Struggles for Authority in the Deutero-Jeremianic Prose. London (U.K.)-New York (NY): T&T Clark, 2003.
Sneed, Mark R. The Social World of the Sages. An Introduction to Israelite and Jewish Wisdom Literature. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2015.
Soulen, Richard and Kendall Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. Louisville (KY)-London (U.K.): Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
Stuhlmuller, Carroll. “Deutero-Isaiah and Trito-Isaiah”. In The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, edited by Raymond Brown. Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 2011.
Thompson, Michael. Isaiah 40-66. Eugene (OR): Wipf and Stock, 2001.
Tsumura, David Toshio. The First Book of Samuel. Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK): Eerdmans, 2007.
Vatican Council II. “Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum on Divine Revelation.” Vatican, http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/
documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html (accessed February 28, 2017).
Verburg, Pieter. Language and its Functions. Amsterdam-Philadelphia (PA): John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.
Von Rad, Gerhard. Genesis. A Commentary. Old Testament Library. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1972.
_____. Teologia dell’Antico Testamento. Vol. 1. Teologia delle tradizioni storiche d’Israele. Brescia: Paideia Editrice, 1972.
_____. Teologia dell’Antico Testamento. Vol 2. Teologia delle tradizioni profetiche d’Israele. Brescia: Paideia Editrice, 1974.
Weiser, Alfons. “πιστεύω.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Vol. VI, edited by G. Friedrich, 182-196. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1973.
Weiser, Arthur. The Psalms. A Commentary. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1962.
Westermann, Claus. Isaiah 40–66. A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1969.
Wildberger, Hans. “ אמן .” In Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Vol. I, edited by E. Jenni and C. Westermann, 134-157. Peabody (MA): Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.
_____. “Glauben im AT.” Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 65 (1968): 129-159.
_____. Isaiah 1–12. A Continental Commentary. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1990.
_____. Isaiah 28–39. A Continental Commentary. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 1990.
Wilson, Andrew. The Nations in Deutero-Isaiah. A Study on Composition and Structure. Queenston (ON)-Lewiston (NY): Edwin Mellen Press, 1986.
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Rosales-Acosta, D. (2017). Redescubrir el valor semántico de אמן in qal. Theologica Xaveriana, 67(184). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx67-184.rsq
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