Publicado may 12, 2022



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Dominik Opatrný

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Resumen

Las investigaciones recientes sobre el trasfondo neuronal de la toma de decisiones humanas llevadas a cabo por Joshua Greene desafían varias partes de la ética cristiana tradicional: el principio del doble efecto, la deontología y la ética de la virtud. El principio del doble efecto es un principio estándar utilizado en la bioética y en otros campos éticos. A veces se ilustra con dos experimentos mentales: los dilemas del tranvía (Trolley dilemma) y del puente peatonal (Footbridge dilema). Greene afirma que “desde un punto de vista psicológico, la diferencia fundamental entre el dilema del tranvía y el del puente peatonal radica en la tendencia de este último a involucrar las emociones de las personas de una manera que el primero no hace”. Además, está convencido de que la deontología de Kant no es más que la racionalización de nuestra moral tribal, mientras que la ética de la virtud es una mera descripción de la moral tribal de Aristóteles.
Aunque los experimentos y posiciones de Greene se han reflejado en la ética teológica protestante, hasta ahora prácticamente no ha habido respuesta del lado de la teología moral católica. En este artículo se argumenta que los experimentos de Greene son compatibles con la tradición moral católica. Por una parte, no conducen necesariamente a subvertir la doctrina del doble efecto ni la ética deontológica. La distinción medios/efectos secundarios, que es la esencia del principio del doble efecto, puede estar condicionada evolutivamente, pero esto solo significaría que forma parte de nuestra naturaleza.
De manera similar, el utilitarismo propuesto por Greene no es más imparcial que el juicio deontológico “intuitivo”. De hecho, a menudo se espera que el análisis utilitario sea tan imparcial como el libre mercado, pero los mercados libres no siempre son tan libres como los economistas liberales quieren hacernos creer. Por otra parte, la investigación de Greene puede ayudar a entender mejor ciertos aspectos de nuestra tradición, especialmente la necesidad de una opción preferencial por los pobres y la búsqueda de la verdad a través del diálogo.

Keywords

Trolley Dilemma, Principle of Double Effect, Metamorality, Joshua Green, Dual Process Theory of Moral JudgementsDilema del tranvía, principio de doble efecto, metamoralidad, Joshua Green, teoría del proceso dual de los juicios morales

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Cómo citar
Opatrný, D. . (2022). La moralidad de la cámara de modo dual: perspectivas teológicas católicas sobre la teoría del proceso dual de Joshua Greene. Theologica Xaveriana, 72. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx72.mdmcct
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