Genealogy of the Concept of Therapy from a Nietzschean Perspective. A Look at the Hellenistic Schools and Their Relationship with Christianity
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-3152
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
The present article deals with Nietzsche’s ambivalent relationship with the Hellenistic philosophers in order to find out why, despite the extraordinary influence that these schools exerted on his thought, Nietzsche opposed them so violently in his later work. We will verify that Nietzsche’s main criticisms of these schools are very similar to those he will address to Christianity, and to the very idea of therapy, as a critique of the traditional way of conceiving it, which these schools seem to inaugurate and strengthen. Nietzsche identifies the Hellenistic philosophers as the fundamental promoters of nihilism, which he diagnoses as the major disease of Western culture, for which a suitable physician and effective treatment is required. Christian therapy was not the only one and, mainly, it was not the first, for it has the Hellenistic philosophers as clear predecessors and precursors. They also did not escape Nietzsche’s critical scrutiny, who, in his reconstruction of the clinical history of Western culture, identifies them as fundamental promoters of the disease he diagnoses, particularly for having created the necessary conditions and framework for the emergence of Christian therapy, preparing the ground and sowing the seeds without which Christianity could not have emerged and, above all, triumphed. The central reference for the development of this reflection will be paragraph 120 of The Gay Science, crucial for the argumentative thread.
estoicismo, epicureísmo, filosofía como terapia, enfermedad, cristianismostoicism, epicureanism, philosophy as therapy, illness, Christianity
Annas, J. (1993). The Morality of Happiness. Oxford University Press.
Ansell- Pearson, K. (2009). Companion to Nietzsche. Pearson (eds). Oxford – London. Editorial Wiley Blackwell.
Ansell-Pearson, K. (2013). Fiel a la tierra: el cuidado epicúreo de sí mismo y del mundo de Nietzsche. En H. Hutter & E. Friedland (Eds.). Enseñanza terapéutica de Nietzsche (pp. 97-116). Bloomsbury Academic. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472548115.ch-009.
Aristóteles (1985). Ética a Nicómaco (E. Lledó Iñigo, Trad.). Gredos.
Beland, M. (2012). Kulturkritik et philosophie thérapeutique chez le jeune Nietzsche. Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
Berry, J. (2011). Nietzsche and the Ancient Skeptical Tradition. Oxford University Press.
Bertino, A. C. (2007). Nietzsche und die hellenistische Philosophie. Der Übermensch und der Weise. Nietzsche-Studien, 36(1) 108-143.
Bilheran, A. (2005). La maladie, critère des valeurs chez Nietzsche. Prémices d’une psychanalyse des affects. L’Harmattan.
Cherlonneix, L. (2002a). Nietzsche : santé et maladie, l’art. L’Harmattan.
Cherlonneix, L. (2002b). Philosophie médicale de Nietzsche : la connaissance, la nature. L’Harmattan.
Cicero (1914). De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum (H. Rackham, Trad.). Harvard University Press.
Diógenes Laercio (2010). Vidas y opiniones de los filósofos ilustres (L. A. Bredlox, Trad.). Lucina.
Epicteto (1995a). Manual. En Manual; Fragmentos (P. Ortiz García, Trad.) (pp. 183-215). Gredos.
Epicuro (1995b). Fragmentos. En Obras completas (J. Vara, Trad., Ed.) (pp. 99-120). Cátedra.
Epicuro (1989). Epicurus to Menoeceus [Carta a Menoceu] (C Bailey, Trad.). En C. Bailey (Ed.), Epicurus: The Extant Remains (pp. 83-93). Georg Olms Verlag Hildelsheim.
Faustino, M. (2014). Da grande saúde. A transvaloração nietzschiana do conceito de saúde. Estudos Nietzsche, 5(2), 257-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/estudosnietzsche.05.002.AO03
Faustino, M. (2017). Nietzsche e as terapias helenistas: estóicos e epicuristas como precursores do cristianismo. Philósophos. Revista de Filosofia, 21(2), 161-196. https://doi.org/10.5216/PHI.V21I2.43133
Foucault, M. (2001). La hermenéutica del sujeto. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Gerhardt, V. (2005). Ein Arzt der Kultur. Laudatio auf Durs Grünbein anlässlich der Verleihung des Nietzsche-Preises des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt am 27. August 2004. Nietzscheforschung, 12(JG), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1524/nifo.2005.12.jg.13
Hadot, P. (1995). ¿Qué es la filosofía antigua?. Madrid, Fondo de cultura económica.
Hadot, P. (1998). ¿Qué es la filosofía antigua? Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Hadot, P. (2021). La Philosophie comme manière de vivre. Albin Michel.
Long, A. A. (1974). Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics. Duckworth.
Long, A. A. & Sedley, D. N. (1987) (Eds.). The Hellenistic Philosophers: Translations of the Principal Sources, With Philosophical Commentary. Cambridge University Press.
Long, T. A. (1990). Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Medicine. Nietzsche-Studien, 19(1), 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110244380.112
Müller, E. (2005). Die Griechen im Denken Nietzsches: Dissertationsschrif (Monographien und Texte zur
Nietzsche-Forschung, Bd. 50). Walter de Gruyter.
Nietzsche, F. (2008a). Fragmentos póstumos (1875-1882), vol. II (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2008b). Fragmentos póstumos (1885-1889), vol. IV (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2010a). Fragmentos póstumos (1869-1874), vol. I (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2010b). Fragmentos póstumos (1882-1885), vol. III (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2011a). El nacimiento de la tragedia. En Obras completas I (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 323-461). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2011b). La filosofía en la época trágica de los griegos. En Obras completas I (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 571-604). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2011c). Consideraciones intempestivas. En Obras completas I (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 641-686). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2014a). Humano demasiado humano. En Obras completas III (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 749-7976). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2014b). Aurora. En Obras completas III (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 469-648). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2014c). La gaya ciencia. En Obras completas III (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (705-895). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2016a). Más allá del bien y del mal. En Obras completas IV (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 283-435). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2016b). De la genealogía de la moral. En Obras completas IV (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 441-513). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2016c). El crepúsculo de los ídolos. En Obras completas IV (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 611-691). Tecnos.
Nietzsche, F. (2016d). Ecce Homo. En Obras completas IV (D. Sánchez Meca, Ed.) (pp. 775-853). Tecnos.
Nussbaum, M. (1994). Pity and Mercy: Nietzsche’s Stoicism. En R. Schacht (Ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals (pp. 139-167). University of California Press.
Nussbaum, M. (2013). La terapia del deseo. Teoría y práctica en la ética helenística. Paidós.
Pasley, M. (1978). Nietzsche’s Use of Medical Terms. En M. Pasley, Ed., Nietzsche: Imagery and Thought – A Collection of Essays (pp. 123-158). Methuen.
Pérez, D. O. (Org.). (2007). Filósofos e terapeutas em torno da questão da cura. Escuta.
Sánchez Meca, D. (1989). En torno al superhombre. Nietzsche y la modernidad. Anthropos.
Séneca (2010). Cartas filosóficas (I. Roca Melia, Trad.). Gredos.
Schipperges, H. (1975). Am Leitfaden des Leibes. Zur Anthropologik und Therapeutik Friedrich Nietzsches. Ernst Klett Verlag.
Wotling, P. (1995). Nietzsche et le probléme de la civilization. P.U.F.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.