Intención emprendedora de estudiantes de educación media: extendiendo la teoría de comportamiento planificado mediante el efecto exposición
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feb 10, 2016
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Resumen
El modelo de intención basado en la teoría del comportamiento planificado
(TCP) ha sido evaluado empíricamente en la formación de intenciones
emprendedoras, más que todo, en estudiantes universitarios de diferentes
orígenes culturales. Este artículo prueba la TCP en una muestra de
estudiantes de colegios de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, a través de un
modelo con cuadrados mínimos parciales y se encontró que la exposición
previa en actividades de emprendimiento tiene un efecto positivo sobre los
determinantes de la intención emprendedora. Esta línea de investigación
se puede continuar con un estudio longitudinal que brindará resultados
más sólidos y con mayor extensión de cara a las diferencias culturales..
Keywords
teoría de comportamiento planificado, educación, efecto de exposición, intención emprendedora
References
Ajzen, I., and Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, Trait and Actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. In L. Berkowitz (ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1-63.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Armitage, C., and Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40 (4), 471-499.
Baggozi, R., Baumgartner, H., and Yi, Y. (1989). An Investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10 (1), 35-62.
Bandura, A. (1982). Sel-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13 (3), 442-453.
Bollen, K. A., and Davis, W. R. (2009). Causal indicator models: Identification, estimation, and testing. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16, 498-522.
Brannback, M., Carsrud, A., Elfvin, J., Kickul, J., and Krueger, N. (2007). Why replicate entrepreneurial intentionality studies? Prospects, perils and academic reality. available at: www.entrepreneurship.fiu.edu/downloads/publications/papers.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Second edn. Hillsdale, New Jersey. U.S.A.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Chin, W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares. First edn. Berlin: Springer, 655-690.
Chin, W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling.Methodology for business and management. En G. Marcoulides. NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Davis, F. D., and Warshaw, P. R. (1992). What do intention scales measure? The Journal of General Psychology, 119, 391-407.
Diamantopoulos, A. a. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (2), 269-277.
Diamantopoulos, A., Riefler, P., and Roth, K. P. (2008). Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research, 61, 1203-1218.
Donckels, R. (1991). Education and entrepreneuship experiences from secondary and university education in Belgium. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 9 (1), 35-42.
Drennan, J., Kennedy, J., and Renfrow, P. (2005). Impact of childhood experiences on the development of entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation, 6 (4), 231-8.
European Commission (2006). Entrepreneurship Education in Europe: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning. Oslo: In:Final Proceedings of the conference on Entrepreneurship Education.
Falk, R. a. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., and Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: A new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30 (9), 701-720.
Filion, L. (1994). Ten Steps to Entrepreneurial Teaching. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 11 (3), 68-78.
Fornell, C., and Bookstein, F. L. (1982). Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing Research, 440.
Fornell, C. a. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (3), 382-388.
Gasse, Y. (1985). A Strategy for the promotion and identification of potencial entrepreneurs at the secondary school level. Paper presented at the Frontiers of Entrepreneuship Research. Babson College: Wellesley.
Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., and Rigdon, E. E. (2011). An update and extension to SEM guidelines for admnistrative and social science research. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 35, iii-xiv.
Geisser, S. (1975). The predictive sample reuse method with applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70 (350), 320-328.
Gist, M. (1987). Self- efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 12 (3), 472-485.
Godin, G. y Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11 (2), 87-98.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., and Biddle, S. J. (2002). A meta-analytic review of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in physical activity: Predictive validity and the contribution of additional variables. Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 24 (1), 3-32.
Hair, J. R. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19 (2), 139-152.
Harris, M., and Gibson, S. (2008). Examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of US business students. Education+Training, 50 (7), 568-581.
Harrison, A. (1977). Mere exposure. En L. Berkowitz, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
Herron, L., & Sapienza, H. (1992). The entrepreneur and the initiation of new venture launch activities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1), 49-55.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (2), 195-204.
Jarvis, C. B., Mackenzie, S. B., and Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 30, 199.
Julien, P.-A. (2005). Emprendimiento Regional y Economía del Conocimiento. Una metáfora de las novelas policiacas. Cali: Sello Editorial Javeriano.
Kolvereid, L. (1996). Prediction of employment status choice intention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21 (1), 47-57.
Kolvereid, L., and Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21,
866-885.
Kourilsky, M. (1995). Entrepreneurship Education: Opportunity in search of curriculum. Business Education Forum. October.
Krueger, N. (1993). The Impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice, 18 (1), 5-21.
Krueger, N., Reilly, M., and Casrund, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (5/6), 411-432.
Li, J., Wu, S., and Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15, 752-774.
Liñan, F. (2004). Intention based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3, 11-35.
Liñan, F., and Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the Entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. Working Paper No 06/07, Department of Business Economics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
Mcclelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence". American psychologist, 28, 1.
Mcclelland, D. C. & Boyatzis, R. E. (1980). Opportunities for counselors from the competency assessment movement. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 58, 368-372.
Mitchell, R., Busenitz, L., Bird, B., Gaglio, C., McMullen, J., Morse, E. et al. (2007). The central cuestion in entrepreneurial cognition research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), 1-27.
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Peterman, N., and Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (17), 129-144.
Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., and Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26, 332.
Rhodes, R. E., and Courneya, K. S. (2003). Investigating multiple components of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control: An examination of the theory of planned behaviour in the exercise domain. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 129-146.
Ringle, C. W. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) Beta. Hamburg: http://www.smartpls.de
Shapero, A., and Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. En C. S. en Kent, Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Sheppard, B.H, Hartwick, J., and Warshaw, P.R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: a meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of consumer research, 15 (3), 325-343.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., and Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22 (4), 566-591.
Sparks, P., Shepherd, R., Wieringa, N., and Zimmermans, N. (1995). Perceived behavioural control, unrealistic optimism and dietary change: an exploratory study. Appetite, 24 (3), 243-255.
Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.Series B (Methodological), 36 (2), 111-147.
Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of applied social psychology, 28, 1317-1338.
Tkachev, A., and Kolvereid, L. (1999). Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11 (3), 269-280.
Van Den Putte, B. (1991). 20 years of the theory of reasoned action of Fishbein and Ajzen: a meta-analysis. Unpublished manuscript, university of Amsterdam.
Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., and Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13 (6), 538-559.
Van Praag y Versloot. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research. Small Business Economics, 4 (29), 351-382.
Veciana, J., Aponte, M., and Urbano, D. (2005). University student´s attitudes towards entrepreneurship: a two countries comparison. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 165-182.
Wood, R., and Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), 361-384.
Wu, S., and Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15 (4), 752-774.
Zajonc, R. (1968). The attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph, 9 (2 parte 2), 1-27.
Zajonc, R. (2001). Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10 (6), 224-228.
Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, Trait and Actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. In L. Berkowitz (ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1-63.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Armitage, C., and Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40 (4), 471-499.
Baggozi, R., Baumgartner, H., and Yi, Y. (1989). An Investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10 (1), 35-62.
Bandura, A. (1982). Sel-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13 (3), 442-453.
Bollen, K. A., and Davis, W. R. (2009). Causal indicator models: Identification, estimation, and testing. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16, 498-522.
Brannback, M., Carsrud, A., Elfvin, J., Kickul, J., and Krueger, N. (2007). Why replicate entrepreneurial intentionality studies? Prospects, perils and academic reality. available at: www.entrepreneurship.fiu.edu/downloads/publications/papers.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Second edn. Hillsdale, New Jersey. U.S.A.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Chin, W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares. First edn. Berlin: Springer, 655-690.
Chin, W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling.Methodology for business and management. En G. Marcoulides. NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Davis, F. D., and Warshaw, P. R. (1992). What do intention scales measure? The Journal of General Psychology, 119, 391-407.
Diamantopoulos, A. a. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (2), 269-277.
Diamantopoulos, A., Riefler, P., and Roth, K. P. (2008). Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research, 61, 1203-1218.
Donckels, R. (1991). Education and entrepreneuship experiences from secondary and university education in Belgium. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 9 (1), 35-42.
Drennan, J., Kennedy, J., and Renfrow, P. (2005). Impact of childhood experiences on the development of entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation, 6 (4), 231-8.
European Commission (2006). Entrepreneurship Education in Europe: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning. Oslo: In:Final Proceedings of the conference on Entrepreneurship Education.
Falk, R. a. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., and Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: A new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30 (9), 701-720.
Filion, L. (1994). Ten Steps to Entrepreneurial Teaching. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 11 (3), 68-78.
Fornell, C., and Bookstein, F. L. (1982). Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing Research, 440.
Fornell, C. a. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (3), 382-388.
Gasse, Y. (1985). A Strategy for the promotion and identification of potencial entrepreneurs at the secondary school level. Paper presented at the Frontiers of Entrepreneuship Research. Babson College: Wellesley.
Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., and Rigdon, E. E. (2011). An update and extension to SEM guidelines for admnistrative and social science research. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 35, iii-xiv.
Geisser, S. (1975). The predictive sample reuse method with applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70 (350), 320-328.
Gist, M. (1987). Self- efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 12 (3), 472-485.
Godin, G. y Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11 (2), 87-98.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., and Biddle, S. J. (2002). A meta-analytic review of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in physical activity: Predictive validity and the contribution of additional variables. Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 24 (1), 3-32.
Hair, J. R. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19 (2), 139-152.
Harris, M., and Gibson, S. (2008). Examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of US business students. Education+Training, 50 (7), 568-581.
Harrison, A. (1977). Mere exposure. En L. Berkowitz, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
Herron, L., & Sapienza, H. (1992). The entrepreneur and the initiation of new venture launch activities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1), 49-55.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (2), 195-204.
Jarvis, C. B., Mackenzie, S. B., and Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 30, 199.
Julien, P.-A. (2005). Emprendimiento Regional y Economía del Conocimiento. Una metáfora de las novelas policiacas. Cali: Sello Editorial Javeriano.
Kolvereid, L. (1996). Prediction of employment status choice intention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21 (1), 47-57.
Kolvereid, L., and Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21,
866-885.
Kourilsky, M. (1995). Entrepreneurship Education: Opportunity in search of curriculum. Business Education Forum. October.
Krueger, N. (1993). The Impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice, 18 (1), 5-21.
Krueger, N., Reilly, M., and Casrund, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (5/6), 411-432.
Li, J., Wu, S., and Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15, 752-774.
Liñan, F. (2004). Intention based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3, 11-35.
Liñan, F., and Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the Entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. Working Paper No 06/07, Department of Business Economics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
Mcclelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence". American psychologist, 28, 1.
Mcclelland, D. C. & Boyatzis, R. E. (1980). Opportunities for counselors from the competency assessment movement. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 58, 368-372.
Mitchell, R., Busenitz, L., Bird, B., Gaglio, C., McMullen, J., Morse, E. et al. (2007). The central cuestion in entrepreneurial cognition research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), 1-27.
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Peterman, N., and Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (17), 129-144.
Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., and Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26, 332.
Rhodes, R. E., and Courneya, K. S. (2003). Investigating multiple components of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control: An examination of the theory of planned behaviour in the exercise domain. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 129-146.
Ringle, C. W. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) Beta. Hamburg: http://www.smartpls.de
Shapero, A., and Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. En C. S. en Kent, Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Sheppard, B.H, Hartwick, J., and Warshaw, P.R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: a meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of consumer research, 15 (3), 325-343.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., and Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22 (4), 566-591.
Sparks, P., Shepherd, R., Wieringa, N., and Zimmermans, N. (1995). Perceived behavioural control, unrealistic optimism and dietary change: an exploratory study. Appetite, 24 (3), 243-255.
Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.Series B (Methodological), 36 (2), 111-147.
Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of applied social psychology, 28, 1317-1338.
Tkachev, A., and Kolvereid, L. (1999). Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11 (3), 269-280.
Van Den Putte, B. (1991). 20 years of the theory of reasoned action of Fishbein and Ajzen: a meta-analysis. Unpublished manuscript, university of Amsterdam.
Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., and Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13 (6), 538-559.
Van Praag y Versloot. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research. Small Business Economics, 4 (29), 351-382.
Veciana, J., Aponte, M., and Urbano, D. (2005). University student´s attitudes towards entrepreneurship: a two countries comparison. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 165-182.
Wood, R., and Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), 361-384.
Wu, S., and Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15 (4), 752-774.
Zajonc, R. (1968). The attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph, 9 (2 parte 2), 1-27.
Zajonc, R. (2001). Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10 (6), 224-228.
Cómo citar
Osorio, F., & Londoño Roldán, J. C. (2016). Intención emprendedora de estudiantes de educación media: extendiendo la teoría de comportamiento planificado mediante el efecto exposición. Cuadernos De Administración, 28(51), 103–131. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao28-51.ieee
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