Hacia una conceptualización de la Psicología Cultural: significado y práctica como elementos clave
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Un gran número de destacados autores en Ciencias Sociales han defendido la necesidad de una nueva forma de estudiar la relación entre la cultura y el individuo. A lo largo de las últimas tres décadas, han sido muchos los estudios desarrollados bajo la denominación de Psicología Cultural (PC), que se han venido centrando en el papel de la cultura en el desarrollo histórico y ontogenético. Sin embargo, entre los defensores de la PC ha habido ciertos desacuerdos sobre los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos de este proyecto. Esta falta de acuerdo se ha centrado fundamentalmente en las diferentes concepciones del papel del significado y la práctica social en el funcionamiento psicológico humano. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos enfoques diferentes de PC y el papel del significado en su constitución. A nuestro juicio, la afirmación central de la PC es que la mente humana debería verse como interpenetrada por mundos intencionales que están cultural e históricamente situados. De este modo, esta psicología debe estudiar las formas en las que la psique y la cultura; la persona y el contexto, el yo y el otro, el practicante y la práctica se construyen mutuamente el uno al otro. Así mismo, esta PC destaca la noción de mediación simbólica de la mente y la cultura como su principal interés analítico. Se defiende así que la cultura y la mente deben ser entendidas como formas de prácticas de significado culturalmente diferenciadas. Finalmente, se propone la noción de acción mediada y situada como unidad de análisis de la PC.
cultural psychology, social practice, meaning, artifact, culturepsicología cultural, práctica social, significado, artefacto, cultura
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