Cultura, experiencias negativas y diferencias en la percepción de la expresión facial de ira
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mar 15, 2018
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Rafael Manuel López Pérez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-8232
Fernando Gordillo León
Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto
Lilia Mestas Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-8232
Fernando Gordillo León
Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto
Lilia Mestas Hernández
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Resumen
En el contexto del debate de la universalidad de la expresión y reconocimiento de la expresión facial, se estudió cómo las personas perciben diferentes emociones en una misma expresión facial y el papel de la experiencia, dentro de diferentes culturas, en este proceso. Se utilizaron doce expresiones faciales obtenidas del Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-Adult Faces (DANVA), administrando una tarea de reconocimiento emocional a 90 sujetos (mexicanos y españoles). Ante la expresión de ira, la muestra mexicana percibió en menor grado las emociones no predominantes, respecto a la muestra española. Se discuten los resultados dentro de las teorías neodarwinianas de la emoción, entendiendo que podría derivarse del sesgo generado por la mayor experiencia negativa que la población mexicana tiene.
Keywords
emotion, facial expression, sociocultural contextEmoción, expresión facial, contexto sociocultural
References
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Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2013). Affective facial expression processing in 15-month-old infants who have experienced maltreatment : An event-related potential study. Child Maltreatment, 18(3), 140-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559513487944
Ekman, P. (1973). Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review. Nueva York: Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48(4), 384-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.4.384
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 124-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0030377
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hagar, J. C. (1978). Facial action coding system investigators guide. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus.
Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164(3875), 86-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.86
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Matsumoto, D., & Wilson, J. (2008). Culture, emotion, and motivation. En R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 1-15). San Diego: Academic Press.
Niedenthal, P. M., & Setterlund, M. B. (1994). Emotion congruence in perception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(2), 401-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167294204007
Nowicki, S., & Carton, J. (1993). The measurement of emotional intensity from facial expressions. Journal of Social Psychology, 133(5), 749-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9713934
Öhman, A. (1996). [Reseña del libro The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions. P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.)]. Biological Psychology, 44(1), 62-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(96)05205-2
Pears, K. C., & Fisher, P. A. (2005). Emotion understanding and theory of mind among maltreated children in foster care: Evidence of deficits. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 47-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050030
Pollak, S. D., Cicchetti, D., Hornung, K., & Reed, A. (2000). Recognizing emotion in faces: Developmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 679-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.36.5.679
Pollak, S. D., Messner, M., Kistler, D. J., & Cohn, J. F. (2009). Development of perceptual expertise in emotion recognition. Cognition, 110(2), 242-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.10.010
Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect, imagery and consciousness: Vol. 1: The positive affects. Nueva York: Springer.
Umiltà, M. A., Wood, R., Loffredo, F., Ravera, R., & Gallese, V. (2013). Impact of civil war on emotion recognition: The denial of sadness in Sierra Leone. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1-10. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00523
Wismer Fries, A. B., & Pollak, S. D. (2004). Emotion understanding in postinstitutionalized Eastern European children. Development and Psychopathology, 16(2), 355-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579404044554
Anaki, D., Brezniak, T., & Shalom, L. (2012). Faces in the face of death: Effects of exposure to life-threatening events and mortality salience on facial expression recognition in combat and noncombat military veterans. Emotion, 12(4), 860-867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029415
Consulta Mitofsky. (2014). Décima tercer encuesta nacional sobre percepción de inseguridad ciudadana en México. México: Autor. Recuperado de http://www.mucd.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/BoletinMitofsky2014-Marzo1.pdf
Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2011). Affective facial expression processing in young children who have experienced maltreatment during the first year of life: An event-related potential study. Development and Psychopathology, 23(2), 373-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000125
Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2013). Affective facial expression processing in 15-month-old infants who have experienced maltreatment : An event-related potential study. Child Maltreatment, 18(3), 140-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559513487944
Ekman, P. (1973). Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review. Nueva York: Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48(4), 384-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.4.384
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 124-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0030377
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hagar, J. C. (1978). Facial action coding system investigators guide. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus.
Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164(3875), 86-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.86
Hassin, R. R., Aviezer, H., & Bentin, S. (2013). Inherently ambiguous: Facial expressions of emotions, in context. Emotion Review, 5(1), 60-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451331
Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. Nueva York: Appleton Century Crofts.
Izard, C. E., Haynes, O. M., Chisholm, G., & Baak, K. (1991). Emotional determinants of infant-mother attachment. Child Development, 62(5), 906-917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467–8624.ep9112161636
Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G., & Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions are not universal. Current Biology, 19(18), 1543-1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.051
Jack, R. E., Garrod, O., Yu, H., Caldara, R., & Schyns, P. G. (2012). Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(19), 7241-7244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200155109
López, R. M., Pérez-Nieto, M. A., & Gonzalez Ordí, H. (2011). El efecto de la experiencia sobre el reconocimiento de la expresión emocional facial de ira y miedo por parte de Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado. EduPsykhé, 10(2), 215-229. Recuperado de https://repositorio.ucjc.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12020/44/C00043700.pdf?sequence=1
Matsumoto, D. (2009). Culture and emotional expression. En R. S. Wyer, C. Chiu & Y. Hong (Eds.), Understanding culture : Theory, research, and application (pp. 263-279). Nueva York: Psychology Press.
Matsumoto, D., & Sung Hwang, H. (2010). Judging faces in context. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(6), 393-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00271.x
Matsumoto, D., & Wilson, J. (2008). Culture, emotion, and motivation. En R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 1-15). San Diego: Academic Press.
Niedenthal, P. M., & Setterlund, M. B. (1994). Emotion congruence in perception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(2), 401-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167294204007
Nowicki, S., & Carton, J. (1993). The measurement of emotional intensity from facial expressions. Journal of Social Psychology, 133(5), 749-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9713934
Öhman, A. (1996). [Reseña del libro The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions. P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.)]. Biological Psychology, 44(1), 62-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(96)05205-2
Pears, K. C., & Fisher, P. A. (2005). Emotion understanding and theory of mind among maltreated children in foster care: Evidence of deficits. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 47-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050030
Pollak, S. D., Cicchetti, D., Hornung, K., & Reed, A. (2000). Recognizing emotion in faces: Developmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 679-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.36.5.679
Pollak, S. D., Messner, M., Kistler, D. J., & Cohn, J. F. (2009). Development of perceptual expertise in emotion recognition. Cognition, 110(2), 242-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.10.010
Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect, imagery and consciousness: Vol. 1: The positive affects. Nueva York: Springer.
Umiltà, M. A., Wood, R., Loffredo, F., Ravera, R., & Gallese, V. (2013). Impact of civil war on emotion recognition: The denial of sadness in Sierra Leone. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1-10. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00523
Wismer Fries, A. B., & Pollak, S. D. (2004). Emotion understanding in postinstitutionalized Eastern European children. Development and Psychopathology, 16(2), 355-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579404044554
Cómo citar
López Pérez, R. M., Gordillo León, F., Pérez Nieto, M. Ángel, & Mestas Hernández, L. (2018). Cultura, experiencias negativas y diferencias en la percepción de la expresión facial de ira. Universitas Psychologica, 17(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.cend
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