Do stronger intellectual property rights stimulate innovation? An exploratory analysis of patenting dynamics by industrial sectors in Colombia, 1980-2010
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Nov 4, 2020
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Abstract
Intellectual property rights IPR and patents as mechanisms for promoting innovation have special relevance and debate in Colombia. This paper aims to explore the behavior of resident and non-resident patents during 1980 and 2010. In particular, it shows how this behavior could be related to the strengthening of intellectual property legislation and the process of economic liberalization and de-industrialization. The evidence suggests that IPRs have not incentivized local innovation but has only boosted patent applications from non-residents owned by a few multinational companies in some technological fields. Instead, firms resort to the use of alternative intellectual property mechanisms such as confidentiality agreements and industrial secrecy to manage their knowledge and appropriate the rents associated with their innovation efforts, which are characterized by the imitation and adaptation of foreign technologies. This evidence allows us to discuss the policy of strengthening IPRs and the incentives of invention patents as a mechanism to encourage innovation in Colombia.
Keywords
Patentes, propriedade intelectual, inovaçãoPatents, intellectual property, innovationPatentes, propiedad intelectual, innovación
References
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Biadgleng, E. T. & Maur, J.C. (2011). The Influence of Preferential Trade Agreements on the implementation of intellectual property rights in developing countries: A first look. UNCTAD-ICTSD Project on IPRs and Sustainable Development Paper No. 33. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1962832.
Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against intellectual monopoly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511510854
Brando, C. (2019). La industria en el siglo XX. En S. Kalmanovitz (ed.), Breve historia económica de Colombia. Bogotá: Taurus.
Campi, M., Dueñas, M., & Lachman, J. (2017). Acuerdos comerciales y derechos de propiedad intelectual. Evidencias para reflexionar sobre el caso argentino. Ministerio de Producción, República Argentina. https://mercedescampi.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/word_ministerio_final.pdf.
Campi, M., & Dueñas, M. (2019). Intellectual property rights, trade agreements, and international trade. Research Policy, 48(3), 531-545. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.011
Campi, M., & Nuvolari, A. (2015). Intellectual property protection in plant varieties: A worldwide index (1961-2011). Research Policy, 44(4), 951-964. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.003
Campi, M., & Nuvolari, A. (2020). Intellectual property rights and agricultural development: Evidence from a worldwide index of IPRs in agriculture, 1961-2018. Journal of Development Studies, Ahead- of-print, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1817395.
Chaudhuri, S., Goldberg, P. K., & Jia, P. (2006). Estimating the effects of global patent protection in Pharmaceuticals: A case study of Quinolones in India. American Economic Review, 96(5), 1477-1514. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.5.1477
Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not), No. w7552. National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/w7552
Danzon, P. M., Epstein, A., & Nicholson, S. (2007). Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Managerial and Decision Economics, 28(4-5), 307-328. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.468301
Deardorff, A.V. (1992). Welfare Effects of Global Patent Protection. Economica, 59, 35-51. DOI: 10.2307/2555064
Dür, A., Baccini, L., & Elsig, M. (2014). The design of international trade agreements: Introducing a new dataset. The Review of International Organizations, 9(3), 353-375. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-013-9179-8
Echavarría, J. J. & Villamizar, M. (2007). El proceso Colombiano de desindustrialización. En J. Robinson & M. Urrutia (eds.), Economía Colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo. Bogotá: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Eslava, M., Haltiwanger, J., Kugler, A., & Kugler, M. (2004). The effects of structural reforms on productivity and profitability enhancing reallocation: evidence from Colombia. Journal of Development Economics, 75(2), 333-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.06.002
Forero-Pineda, C., Laureiro-Martínez, D. & Marín, A. (2011). Innovation patterns and intellectual property in SMEs of a developing country. Innovar, 21(42), 113-127. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-50512011000400010
Frankel, S. (2011). Legitimidad y finalidad de los capítulos de propiedad intelectual en los tratados de libre comercio (TLC). Revista Propiedad Inmaterial, 15, 169-187. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/propin/article/view/3004
García, V. M. (2017). Los medicamentos genéricos en Colombia: industria, políticas de salud y farmaceutización durante la década de 1960. Historia Crítica, 65, 115-137. DOI: 10.7440/histcrit65.2017.06
Ginarte, J. C., & Park, W. G. (1997). Determinants of patent rights: A cross-national study. Research Policy, 26(3), 283-301. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00022-X
González-Gélvez, D.M. & Jaime, A. (2013). El patentamiento universitario en Colombia. Journal of Technology, Management & Innovation, 8, 233-245. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27242013000300050
Hall, B. H., Helmers, C., Rogers, M., & Sena, V. (2013). The importance (or not) of patents to UK firms. Oxford Economic Papers-New Series, 65(3), 603-629. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt012
Helpman, E. (1993). Innovation, imitation, and intellectual property rights. Econometrica, 61(6), 1247-1280. DOI: 10.2307/2951642
Henry, C., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). Intellectual property, dissemination of innovation and sustainable development. Global Policy, 1(3), 237-251. DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5899.2010.00048.x
Hofmann, C., Osnago, A., & Ruta, M. (2017). “Horizontal depth: a new database on the content of preferential trade agreements”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7981, World Bank.
Jaramillo, H., Lugones, G., & Salazar, M. (2000). Manual para la normalización de indicadores de innovación tecnológica en América Latina y el Caribe, Manual de Bogotá. Bogotá, OEA/RICyT, Tres Culturas.
Kalmanovitz, S. (2011). Nueva historia económica de Colombia. Bogotá: Taurus.
Koenig, M. E., & Mezick, E. M. (2004). Impact of mergers & acquisitions on research productivity within the pharmaceutical industry. Scientometrics, 59(1), 157-169. DOI: 10.1023/B:SCIE.0000013304.40957.0d
Kohl, T., Brakman, S., & Garretsen, H. (2016). “Do trade agreements stimulate international trade differently? Evidence from 296 trade agreements”. The World Economy, 39 (1), 97-131. DOI: 10.1111/twec.12272
Kashcheeva, M. (2013). The role of foreign direct investment in the relation between intellectual property rights and growth. Oxford Economic Papers, 65(3), 699-720. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt015
Langebaek, A., & Vásquez, D. (2007). Determinantes de la actividad innovadora en la industria manufacturera colombiana. Borradores de Economía, 433. Bogotá: Banco de la República.
Liu, M., & La Croix, S. (2015). A cross-country index of intellectual property rights in pharmaceutical inventions. Research Policy, 44(1), 206-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.07.004
McCalman, P. (2001). Reaping what you sow: An empirical analysis of international patent harmonization. Journal of International Economics, 55(1), 161-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(01)00091-5
Malaver Rodríguez, F., & Vargas Pérez, M. (2004). El comportamiento innovador en la industria colombiana: una exploración de sus recientes cambios. Cuadernos de Administración, 17(27), 33-61. https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/cuadernos_admon/article/view/5428
Malaver Rodríguez, F., & Vargas Pérez, M. (2013). Formas de innovar y sus implicaciones de política: lecciones de una experiencia. Cuadernos de Economía, 32(60), 499-532. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/40123
Mani, S. (2020). India’s patenting record since TRIPS compliance of her patent regime. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2020.1829977
Mansfield, E. (1986). Patents and innovation: An empirical study. Management Science, 32(2), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.2.173
Mayor, A. (2005). Inventos y patentes en Colombia, 1930-2000: de los límites de las herramientas a las fronteras del conocimiento. Medellín: ITM.
Mercurio, B. (2006). TRIPS-plus Provisions in FTAs: Recent Trends, en F. Lorand Bartels (ed.). Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moreno, J.C.C. (2015). Cambio técnico en sector industrial en Colombia: hechos estilizados de veinte años de apertura económica. Revista Científica Horizonte Empresarial, 2(1), 1-29. http://revistas.uss.edu.pe/index.php/EMP/article/view/127
Ortiz, C. H., Uribe, J. I., & Vivas, H. (2009). Transformación industrial, autonomía tecnológica y crecimiento económico: Colombia 1925-2005. Archivos de Economía, 352, 1-57. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000118/005283.html
Papageorgiadis, N., & Sharma, A. (2016). Intellectual property rights and innovation: A panel analysis. Economics Letters, 141, 70-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.01.003
Park, W.G. (2008). International patent protection: 1960-2005. Research Policy, 37(4), 761-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.006
Robinson, J., & Urrutia, M. (eds.) (2007). Economía Colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo. Bogotá: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Sánchez, J. M., Medina, J. E., & León, A. M. (2007). Publicación internacional de patentes por organizaciones inventores de origen colombiano. Cuadernos de Economía, 26(47), 247-270. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/1085
Sweet, C., & Eterovic, D. (2019). Do patent rights matter? 40 years of innovation, complexity and productivity. World Development, 115, 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.10.009
Sweet, C., & Maggio, D. (2015). Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase Innovation? World Development, 66, 665-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.025
Biadgleng, E. T. & Maur, J.C. (2011). The Influence of Preferential Trade Agreements on the implementation of intellectual property rights in developing countries: A first look. UNCTAD-ICTSD Project on IPRs and Sustainable Development Paper No. 33. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1962832.
Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against intellectual monopoly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511510854
Brando, C. (2019). La industria en el siglo XX. En S. Kalmanovitz (ed.), Breve historia económica de Colombia. Bogotá: Taurus.
Campi, M., Dueñas, M., & Lachman, J. (2017). Acuerdos comerciales y derechos de propiedad intelectual. Evidencias para reflexionar sobre el caso argentino. Ministerio de Producción, República Argentina. https://mercedescampi.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/word_ministerio_final.pdf.
Campi, M., & Dueñas, M. (2019). Intellectual property rights, trade agreements, and international trade. Research Policy, 48(3), 531-545. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.011
Campi, M., & Nuvolari, A. (2015). Intellectual property protection in plant varieties: A worldwide index (1961-2011). Research Policy, 44(4), 951-964. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.003
Campi, M., & Nuvolari, A. (2020). Intellectual property rights and agricultural development: Evidence from a worldwide index of IPRs in agriculture, 1961-2018. Journal of Development Studies, Ahead- of-print, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1817395.
Chaudhuri, S., Goldberg, P. K., & Jia, P. (2006). Estimating the effects of global patent protection in Pharmaceuticals: A case study of Quinolones in India. American Economic Review, 96(5), 1477-1514. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.5.1477
Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not), No. w7552. National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/w7552
Danzon, P. M., Epstein, A., & Nicholson, S. (2007). Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Managerial and Decision Economics, 28(4-5), 307-328. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.468301
Deardorff, A.V. (1992). Welfare Effects of Global Patent Protection. Economica, 59, 35-51. DOI: 10.2307/2555064
Dür, A., Baccini, L., & Elsig, M. (2014). The design of international trade agreements: Introducing a new dataset. The Review of International Organizations, 9(3), 353-375. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-013-9179-8
Echavarría, J. J. & Villamizar, M. (2007). El proceso Colombiano de desindustrialización. En J. Robinson & M. Urrutia (eds.), Economía Colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo. Bogotá: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Eslava, M., Haltiwanger, J., Kugler, A., & Kugler, M. (2004). The effects of structural reforms on productivity and profitability enhancing reallocation: evidence from Colombia. Journal of Development Economics, 75(2), 333-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.06.002
Forero-Pineda, C., Laureiro-Martínez, D. & Marín, A. (2011). Innovation patterns and intellectual property in SMEs of a developing country. Innovar, 21(42), 113-127. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-50512011000400010
Frankel, S. (2011). Legitimidad y finalidad de los capítulos de propiedad intelectual en los tratados de libre comercio (TLC). Revista Propiedad Inmaterial, 15, 169-187. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/propin/article/view/3004
García, V. M. (2017). Los medicamentos genéricos en Colombia: industria, políticas de salud y farmaceutización durante la década de 1960. Historia Crítica, 65, 115-137. DOI: 10.7440/histcrit65.2017.06
Ginarte, J. C., & Park, W. G. (1997). Determinants of patent rights: A cross-national study. Research Policy, 26(3), 283-301. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00022-X
González-Gélvez, D.M. & Jaime, A. (2013). El patentamiento universitario en Colombia. Journal of Technology, Management & Innovation, 8, 233-245. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27242013000300050
Hall, B. H., Helmers, C., Rogers, M., & Sena, V. (2013). The importance (or not) of patents to UK firms. Oxford Economic Papers-New Series, 65(3), 603-629. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt012
Helpman, E. (1993). Innovation, imitation, and intellectual property rights. Econometrica, 61(6), 1247-1280. DOI: 10.2307/2951642
Henry, C., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). Intellectual property, dissemination of innovation and sustainable development. Global Policy, 1(3), 237-251. DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5899.2010.00048.x
Hofmann, C., Osnago, A., & Ruta, M. (2017). “Horizontal depth: a new database on the content of preferential trade agreements”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7981, World Bank.
Jaramillo, H., Lugones, G., & Salazar, M. (2000). Manual para la normalización de indicadores de innovación tecnológica en América Latina y el Caribe, Manual de Bogotá. Bogotá, OEA/RICyT, Tres Culturas.
Kalmanovitz, S. (2011). Nueva historia económica de Colombia. Bogotá: Taurus.
Koenig, M. E., & Mezick, E. M. (2004). Impact of mergers & acquisitions on research productivity within the pharmaceutical industry. Scientometrics, 59(1), 157-169. DOI: 10.1023/B:SCIE.0000013304.40957.0d
Kohl, T., Brakman, S., & Garretsen, H. (2016). “Do trade agreements stimulate international trade differently? Evidence from 296 trade agreements”. The World Economy, 39 (1), 97-131. DOI: 10.1111/twec.12272
Kashcheeva, M. (2013). The role of foreign direct investment in the relation between intellectual property rights and growth. Oxford Economic Papers, 65(3), 699-720. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt015
Langebaek, A., & Vásquez, D. (2007). Determinantes de la actividad innovadora en la industria manufacturera colombiana. Borradores de Economía, 433. Bogotá: Banco de la República.
Liu, M., & La Croix, S. (2015). A cross-country index of intellectual property rights in pharmaceutical inventions. Research Policy, 44(1), 206-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.07.004
McCalman, P. (2001). Reaping what you sow: An empirical analysis of international patent harmonization. Journal of International Economics, 55(1), 161-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(01)00091-5
Malaver Rodríguez, F., & Vargas Pérez, M. (2004). El comportamiento innovador en la industria colombiana: una exploración de sus recientes cambios. Cuadernos de Administración, 17(27), 33-61. https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/cuadernos_admon/article/view/5428
Malaver Rodríguez, F., & Vargas Pérez, M. (2013). Formas de innovar y sus implicaciones de política: lecciones de una experiencia. Cuadernos de Economía, 32(60), 499-532. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/40123
Mani, S. (2020). India’s patenting record since TRIPS compliance of her patent regime. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2020.1829977
Mansfield, E. (1986). Patents and innovation: An empirical study. Management Science, 32(2), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.2.173
Mayor, A. (2005). Inventos y patentes en Colombia, 1930-2000: de los límites de las herramientas a las fronteras del conocimiento. Medellín: ITM.
Mercurio, B. (2006). TRIPS-plus Provisions in FTAs: Recent Trends, en F. Lorand Bartels (ed.). Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moreno, J.C.C. (2015). Cambio técnico en sector industrial en Colombia: hechos estilizados de veinte años de apertura económica. Revista Científica Horizonte Empresarial, 2(1), 1-29. http://revistas.uss.edu.pe/index.php/EMP/article/view/127
Ortiz, C. H., Uribe, J. I., & Vivas, H. (2009). Transformación industrial, autonomía tecnológica y crecimiento económico: Colombia 1925-2005. Archivos de Economía, 352, 1-57. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000118/005283.html
Papageorgiadis, N., & Sharma, A. (2016). Intellectual property rights and innovation: A panel analysis. Economics Letters, 141, 70-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.01.003
Park, W.G. (2008). International patent protection: 1960-2005. Research Policy, 37(4), 761-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.006
Robinson, J., & Urrutia, M. (eds.) (2007). Economía Colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo. Bogotá: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Sánchez, J. M., Medina, J. E., & León, A. M. (2007). Publicación internacional de patentes por organizaciones inventores de origen colombiano. Cuadernos de Economía, 26(47), 247-270. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/1085
Sweet, C., & Eterovic, D. (2019). Do patent rights matter? 40 years of innovation, complexity and productivity. World Development, 115, 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.10.009
Sweet, C., & Maggio, D. (2015). Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase Innovation? World Development, 66, 665-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.025
How to Cite
Campi, M., Dueñas Esterling, M. A. ., & Zuluaga Jimenez, J. C. (2020). Do stronger intellectual property rights stimulate innovation? An exploratory analysis of patenting dynamics by industrial sectors in Colombia, 1980-2010. Cuadernos De Administración, 33. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao33.fdpi
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