Abstract
The subway is a public transportation where the control and freedom of passengers must be regulated to create a peaceful and harmonious environment. Social transgression imposes an environment of discomfort and tension between passengers. This study aims to describe the regulations that Buenos Aires subway passengers know, to investigate the perception of (non)compliance with them, to analyze how the interaction among the passengers in the subway is perceived and how it is related to (non)compliance with the norms of coexistence and safety. The results indicated that the participants perceived a high degree of normative noncompliance. Generalized noncompliance accounts for the existence of informal rules that organize the behavior of passengers in contradiction with the guidelines of formal rules. This double standard causes problems of coexistence and safety in the subway. Normative transgressions negatively affect the interactions among passengers, bringing about a social climate of discomfort and tension.
Beramendi, M. (2014). Percepción del sistema normativo, transgresión y sus correlatos psicosociales en Argentina [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Beramendi, M., & Romero Gianotti, M. de los Á. V. (2019). Un análisis exploratorio sobre las experiencias de viajar en el subterráneo de Buenos Aires. Psicodebate, 19(2), 69-84. https://www.doi.org/10.18682/pd.v19i2.960
Böhmer, M. (2010). Una Orestíada para la Argentina. Entre la fraternidad y el estado de derecho. En M. Böhmer, R. Moguillansky & R. Rimoldi (Eds.), Por qué el mal (pp. 103-146). Editorial Teseo.
Brauer, M., & Chaurand, N. (2010). Descriptive norms, prescriptive norms, and social control: An intercultural comparison of people´s reactions to uncivil behaviors. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 490-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.640
Burger, J., Sanchez, J., Imberi, J., & Grande, L. (2009). The norm of reciprocity as an internalized social norm: Returning favors even when no one finds out. Social Influence, 4(1), 11-17. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/15534510802131004
Chaurand, N., & Brauer, M. (2008). What determines social control? People’s reactions to counternormative behaviors in urban environments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 1689-1715. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00365.x
Chekroun, P., & Brauer, M. (2002). The bystander effect and social control behaviour: the effect of the presence of others on people’s reactions to norm violations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 853-867. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.126
Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallegren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026. https://www.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
Cialdini, R. B. (2007). Descriptive social norms as underappreciated sources of social control. Psychometrika, 72(2), 263-268. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-006-1560-6
Cook, K. (2005). Networks, Norms, and Trust: The Social Psychology of Social Capital. Social Psychology Quarterly, 68(1), 4-14. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/019027250506800102
Domínguez Sánchez-Pinilla, M., & Davila Legerén, A. (2008). La práctica conversacional del grupo de discusión: jóvenes, ciudadanía y nuevos derechos. En A. Gordo y A. Serrano (Eds.), Estrategias y prácticas cualitativas de investigación social (pp. 97-125). Pearson Educación.
Evans, G. W., & Wener, R. E. (2007). Crowding and personal space invasion on the train: Please don’t make me sit in the middle. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 90-94. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.10.002
Friman, M. (2010). Affective dimensions of the waiting experience. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(3), 197-205. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.006
Helmke, G., & Levitsky, S. (2004). Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda. Perspectives on Politics, 2(4), 725-740. https://www.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592704040472
Heritage, J. (2004). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: Analyzing data. En D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method, and practice (pp. 222-245). Sage.
Jain, S., Aggarwal, P., Kumar, P., Singhal, S., & Sharma, P. (2014). Identifying public preferences using multi-criteria decision making for assessing the shift of urban commuters from private to public transport: A case study of Delhi. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 24, 60-70. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.03.007
Kenyon, S., & Lyons, G. (2003). The value of integrated multimodal traveller information and its potential contribution to modal change. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(1), 1-21. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-8478(02)00035-9
Maister, D. (1985). The psychology of waiting lines. http://davidmaister.com/articles/the-psychology-of-waiting-lines/
Mohd Mahudin, N. D., Cox, T., & Griffiths, A. (2012). Measuring rail passenger crowding: Scale development and psychometric properties. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(1), 38-51. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2011.11.006
Morris, E. A., & Guerra, E. (2015). Are we there yet? Trip duration and mood during travel. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 33, 38-47. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.06.00.3
Muñoz Justicia, J. (2005). Análisis cualitativo de datos textuales con ATLAS TI. 5. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Nelissen, R. M. A., & Mulder, L. B. (2013). What makes a sanction “stick”? The effects of financial and social sanctions on norm compliance. Social Influence, 8(1), 70-80. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2012.729493
Nésis, J. (2005, septiembre). El comportamiento en el tránsito a propósito de la relación entre los argentinos y la ley. XIV Congreso Argentino de Vialidad y Tránsito, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Oceja, L. V., Fernández-Dols, J. M., González, A., Jiménez, I., & Berenguer, J. (2001). ¿Por qué cumplimos las normas? Un análisis psicosocial del concepto de legitimidad. Revista de Psicología Social, 16(1), 21-41. https://www.doi.org/10.1174/021347401317351189
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Dickinson, W. B., Leech, N. L., & Zoran, A. G. (2011). Un marco cualitativo para la recolección y análisis de datos en la investigación basada en grupos focales. Paradigmas, 3, 127-157. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3798215
Sposato, R. G., Röderer, K., & Cervinka, R. (2012). The influence of control and related variables on commuting stress. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(5), 581-587. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2012.05.003
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
Trinkner, R., & Tyler, T. R. (2016). Legal Socialization: Coercion versus Consent in an Era of Mistrust. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 12(1), 417-439. https://www.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-085141
Welch, M., Rivera, R., Conway, B., Yonkoski, J., Lupton, P., & Giancola R. (2005). Determinants and Consequences of Social Trust. Sociological Inquiry, 75(4), 453-473. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2005.00132.x
Zaporozhets, O. (2014). Becoming a Subway User: Managing Affects and Experiences. SSRN Electronic Journal, WP BRP 52/HUM/2014. https://www.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2433951
Zhao, T., & Siu, K. W. M. (2014). Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space. Facilities, 32(11-12), 606-623. https://www.doi.org 10.1108/f-08-2012-0064

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.