Keywords
citizenship
political marketing
policy
social programs
How to Cite
Abstract
Venezuelan and Latin American cities are characterized by hybridity-miscegenation of formalinformal urban fabric and its unsustainability resulting from the urbanization of poverty, dispersion, asymmetry in quality of life and citizenship deficit. To overcome these deficits Venezuela runs in policies - social programs such as Full Citizenship (PCP), programs for the governorship of Zulia and missions of the national government. The article reviews briefly the potential of these programs to build citizenship and sustainable cities from its formulation as policy-program. The programs are characterized and compared considering: objectives, actors involved, management models and values.It is concluded that the three programs agree on the diagnosis of the problem and differ in the management model applied, in the actors involved and the values assumed. The PCP strengthens the social capital, empowering citizens and national and state programs through marketing results, increase the legitimacy and political capital by using subsidies, differentially reinforce dependency and hinder the formation of citizenship and sustainable cities.
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