Keywords
securitization
social mobilization
United States-Mexico border
How to Cite
Abstract
This article reflects on the border between Mexico and the United States and the need to rethink the transit migrations that happen there. The situation on this border has been changing since 2018. That year saw the first migrant caravans with thousands of people moving massively from Central America to the United States. Subsequently, this situation was impacted by the declaration of a global pandemic by COVID-19 and since the beginning of the year 2021 by the change in the presidency of the United States. These events resulted in new governmental containment measures and social activism on the part of different social organizations. Based on a qualitative methodology and supported by studies on forced migration from below and critical security studies; the text warns about the tension between two points of view: the perspective of securitization and, in contrast, the perspective of social mobilization, demonstrating that in order to advance in a more inclusive understanding of migrations in transit on this border, it is necessary to assume approaches that affect the possibilities of participation and agency of the migrant population in transit, as necessary conditions to guarantee their human rights.
Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer. El poder soberano y la nuda vida. Pre-textos.
Astles, J. (enero 31, 2020). Las caravanas migrantes explicadas. Organzación Internacional para las Migraciones –OIM–. https://rosanjose.iom.int/site/es/blog/las-caravanas-migrantes-explicadas#:~:text=La%20primera%20de%20las%20grandes,Guatemala%20se%20unieron%20al%20grupo
Bauman, Z. (2002). En busca de la política. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
BBC (enero 17, 2021). Caravana de migrantes: la violenta represión en Guatemala contra grupos que se dirigen caminando a EE.UU. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-55698861
Beristain, C. (2000). Al lado de la gente: acompañamiento a comunidades en medio del conflicto armado. Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular (Cinep).
Betts, A. (2009). Foced Migration and Global Politics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315868
Bourbeau, P. (2011). Securitization of Migration: A Study of Movement and Order. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829349
Buzan, B., Waever, O., y Wilde, J. D. (1998). Security. A New Framework For Analysis. Lynne Rienner.
Castles, S. (2003). The age of migration. Palgrave Macmillan.
Castles, S. (2017). Migration policies are problematic–because they are about migration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 9(40), 1538-1543. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1308532
Collyer, M., y Haas, H. (2012). Developing dynamic categorisations of transit migration. Population, Space and Place, 18(4), 468-481. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.635
Contreras, Y. (2019). Trayectorias migratorias. Entre trayectorias directas, azarosas y nómades. Investigaciones Geográficas, (58), 4-20. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2019.55729
Department of Homeland Security –DHS– (2021). Border Security. https://www.dhs.gov/topic/border-security
Donato, K., y Perez, S. (2017). Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border: Illegality and Children's Migration to the United States. The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 3(4), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2017.3.4.07
Düvell, F., Molodikova, I., y Collyer, M. (2014). Introduction. Transit Migrations in the European Migration Spaces. En F. Düvell, I. Molodikova, y M. Collyer (eds.), Transit Migration in Europe, pp. 13-36. Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt12877m5
EFE (mayo 4, 2021). Biden eleva a 62.500 la cuota anual de refugiados que acoge. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/inmigracion/biden-eleva-a-62-500-la-cuota-anual-de-refugiados-que-acoge/50000098-4527392
Elie, J. (2014). Histories of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. En E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G. Loescher, K. Long y N. Sigona (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, pp. 23-35. Oxford University Press.
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., Loescher, G., Long, K., y Sigona, N. (2014). Introduction: Refugee and Forced Migration Studies in Transition. En E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G. Loescher, K. Long y N. Sigona (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, pp. 1-19. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199652433.013.0001
Flores, J. (noviembre 13, 2018). El origen de la caravana de migrantes. Theconversation. https://theconversation.com/el-origen-de-la-caravana-de-migrantes-106825
Galvan, A. (julio 25, 2019). By the numbers: Migration to the US-Mexico border. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/cbba8ede5436460ab4f792f981ee32e2
Giorguli, S., Masferrer, C. y García-Guerrero, V. (2021). How Did We Get to the Current Mexico-US Migration System, and How Might It Look in the Near Future?. En R. Hinojosa-Ojeda y T. Edward (eds.), The Trump Paradox: Migration, Trade, and Racial Politics in US-Mexico Integration, pp. 49-62. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h9dksg.9
Gross, N. (agosto 30, 2016). Crossing International Borders for a Better Education. Education Writers Association –EWA– https://www.ewa.org/blog-latino-ed-beat/crossing-international-borders-better-education
Hammerstadt, A. (2014). The Securitization of Forced Migration. En G. L. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, pp. 265-277. Oxford University Press.
Hernández Hernández, A. (2020). La frontera México-Estados Unidos: asimetrías y transgresiones. Nueva Sociedad (289), 59-69.
Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., y Telles, E. (2021). Introduction. En The Trump Paradox: Migration, Trade, and Racial Politics in US-Mexico Integration, pp. 1-12. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520972513-004
Huysmans, J., y Squire, V. (2009). Migration and Security. En M. Dunn Cavelty y V. Mauer (eds.), Handbook of Security Studies. Routledge.
IOM's Missing Migrants Project (febrero 15, 2021). Missing Migrants Project. https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/americas
Lozano, F., y Muñoz, K. (2018). Tres décadas de desarraigos: historias y explicaciones. Editorial Bonaventuriana.
Massey, D. (2016). The Mexico-U.S. Border in the American Imagination. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 160(2), 160-77.
Medina Carrillo, A. (2018). Despolitización y resistencias en la paradoja del refugio Experiencias de colombianos en Ecuador y Canadá. Universidad del Rosario, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. https://doi.org/10.12804/tj9789587841732
Moulin, C. (2009). Borders of Solidarity: Life in Displacement in the Amazon Tri-Border Region. Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 26(2), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.32077
Mutimer, D. (2009). Critical security studies. En M. Dunn Cavelty y V. Mauer (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Security Studies. Routledge.
Nyers, P. (2006). Rethinking refugees. Beyond states of emergency. Routledge.
Osorio, F. E. (2009). Territorialidades en suspenso. Desplazamiento forzado, identidades y resistencias. Codhes, Antropos Ltda.
Santos, B. R. (2007). El derecho, la política y lo subalterno en la globalización contrahegemónica. En El derecho y la globalización desde abajo. Hacia una legalidad Cosmopolita, pp. 7-26. Anthropos.
Schapendonk, J., Liempt, I. V., Schwarz, I., y Steel, G. (2020). Re-routing migration geographies: Migrants, trajectories and mobility regimes. Geoforum, (116), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.06.007
Sigona, N. (2014). The Politics of Refugee Voices: Representations, Narratives, and Memories. En E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G. Loescher, K. Long, y N. Sigona, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, pp. 369-382. Oxford University Press.
Tarrow, S. (1998). Power in Movement. Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813245
Treviño Rangel, J. (2016). ¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de la “securitización” de la migración internacional en México?: una crítica. Foro internacional, 2(56), 253-291. https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v56i2.2316
Varela Huerta, A. (2016). Luchas migrantes en contextos de tránsito migratorio, el caso del movimiento migrante centroamericano. Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana,24(48), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880004803
Vega Higuera, D. (2013). Implicaciones, en materia de derechos humanos, del proceso de securitización de la agenda bilateral México-Guatemala frente a la migración centroamericana de tránsito irregular por México (2008-2010). Repositorio Institucional EdocUR.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Adriana Marcela Medina Carrillo