Brain Activation Follows Adding-Type Integration Laws: Brain and Rating Responses in an Integration Task with pairs of Emotional Faces
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oct 7, 2016
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Resumen
This study was designed to investigate the relation between rating responses and the patterns of cortical activation in an integration task using pairs of emotional faces. Participants judged on a graphic rating scale the overall affective intensity conveyed by two emotional faces, each presented to one of the two hemispheres via a Divided Visual Field technique (DVF). While they performed the task, EEG was recorded from 6 scalp locations. Three discrete emotions were considered (Joy, Fear, and Anger) and varied across three levels of expression intensity. Some face pairs portrayed the same emotion (same-emotion pairs), others two different emotions (distinct-emotions pairs). The patterns of integration of the two sources of information were examined both at the level of the ratings and of the brain response (event-related-#-desynchronization: ERD) recorded at each EEG lead. Adding-type rules were found for the ratings of both same-emotion and different-emotions pairs. Addingtype integration was also commonly found when #-ERD was taken as a response. Outcomes are discussed with a link to the lateralization of emotional processing and the relations between the observable R (e.g., ratings) and possible implementational aspects of the implicit R posited by Information Integration Theory (IIT).
Keywords
Campo visual dividido, expresión facial de emociones, medidas funcionales, organización cerebralDivided Visual Field, Facial Expressions of Emotion, Functional Measurement, Cerebral Organization
References
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Anderson, N. H. (1981). Foundations of information integration theory . New York: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1982). Methods of information integration theory . New York: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1989). Information integration approach to emotions and their measurement. In R. Plutchik & H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience. Volume 4: The measurement of emotions (pp. 133-186). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1996). A functional theory of cognition . Mahwha, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anderson, N. H. (2001). Empirical directions in design and analysis . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Eralbaum Associates.
Anderson, N. H. (2008). Unified social cognition . New York: Psychology Press.
Anes M. D., & Kruer, J.L. (2004). Investigating hemispheric specialization in a novel face-word Stroop task. Brain and Language , 89 (1), 136-141.
Bagiella, E., Sloan, R., & Heitjan, D. (2000). Mixed-effects models in psychophysiology. Psychophysiology , 37 , 13-20.
Borod, J. C., Cicero, B. A., Obler, L.K., Welkowitz, J., Erhan, H.M., Santschi, C., … Whalen, J.R. (1998). Right hemisphere emotional perception: Evidence across multiple channels. Neuropsychology , 12 (3), 446-458.
Bourne, V. (2006). The divided visual field paradigm: Methodological Considerations. Laterality , 11 (4), 373-393
Bourne, V. (2008). Examining the Relationship between Degree of Handedness and Degree of Cerebral Lateralization for Processing Facial Emotion. Neuropsychology , 22 (3), 350–356.
Bourne, V. (2010). How are emotions lateralised in the brain? Contrasting existing hypotheses using the chimeric faces test. Cognition and Emotion , 24 , 903-911
Chiarello, C., & Maxfield, L. (1996). Varieties of Interhemispheric Inhibition, or How to Keep a Good Hemisphere Down. Brain and Cognition , 30 , 81-108.
Compton, R.J. (2002). Inter-hemispheric interaction facilitates face processing. Neuropsychologia , 40 (13), 2409-2419.
Davidson, R. J., Schwartz, G. E., Saron, C., Bennett, J., & Goleman, D. J. (1979). Frontal versus parietal EEG asymmetry during positive and negative affect. Psychophysiology , 16 , 202-203.
Davidson, R. J. (1992). Emotion and afective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science , 3 , 39-43.
Davidson, R. J. (1995). Cerebral asymmetry, emotion, and affective style. In R. J. Davidson (Ed.), Brain Asymmetry (pp. 735). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Davidson, R.J. (2003). Affective neuroscience and psychophysiology: toward a synthesis. Psychophysiology , 40 (5), 655-665.
Davidson, R. J. (2004). What does the prefrontal cortex “do” in affect: perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology , 67 , 219-233.
Demaree, H. A., Everhart, D. E., Youngstrom, E. A., & Harrison, D. W. (2005). Brain lateralization of emotional processing: historical roots and a future incorporating ‘dominance’. Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Review , 4 , 3–20.
Fonseca, I., Oliveira, A., Teixeira, M., Santos, E. J. R., & Simões, F. (2005). Comparing Oddball and Free Context ERP Paradigms in Evaluative Tasks . In J. Monahan, J. Townsend & S. Sheffert (Eds.), Fechner Day 2005 (pp. 97-100). Mt. Pleasant, MI The International Society for Psychophysics.
Fox, N. A., & Davidson, R. J. (1986). Taste-elicited changes in facial signs of emotion and the asymmetry of brain electrical activity in human newborns. Neuropsychologia , 24 (3), 417-422.
Heilman, K. M., & Valenstein, E. (2012). Clinical Neuropsychology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Hellige, J. (1993). Hemispheric Asymmetry . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jansari, A., Tranel, D., & Adolphs, R. (2000). A valence-specific lateral bias for discriminating emotional facial expressions in free field. Cognition and Emotion , 14 , 341-353.
Jones, N.A., & Fox, N. (1992). Electroencephalogram asymmetry during emotionally evocative films and its relation to positive and negative affectivity. Brain Cognition , 20 , 280-299.
Keselman, H. (1998). Testing treatment effects in repeated measures designs: an update for psychophysiological researchers. Psychophysiology , 35 , 470-478.
Keselman, H., & Keselman, J. (1988). Comparing repeated measures means in factorial designs. Psychophysiology , 25 , 612-618.
Killgore, W., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2007). The right-hemisphere and valence hypothesis: could they both be right (and sometimes left)? Social Cognitive and Affective Neurosciences , 2 (3), 240-250.
Klatzky, R.L., & Atkinson, R.C. (1971). Specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in scanning for information in short-term memory. Attention Perception & Psychophysics , 10 (5), 335-338.
Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) . San Francisco, CA: San Francisco State University, Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory.
Mishkin, M., & Forgays, D.G. (1952). Word recognition as a function of retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology , 43 , 43-48.
Narumoto, J., Okada, T., Sadato, N., Fukui, K., & Yonekura, Y. (2001). Attention to emotion modulates fMRI activity in human right superior temporal sulcus. Cognitive Brain Research , 12 (2), 225-231.
Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia , 9 , 97-113.
Oliveira, A. M., Fonseca, I. B., Teixeira, M., & Santos, E. J. R. (2003). Do valence and arousal prompt the same or different ERP components? Pointing towards an inner psychophysics. In B. Berglund & E. Borg, (Eds), Fechner Day 2003 (pp.217-222). Stockholm: International Society For Psychophysics.
Pereira, T., Fonseca, I., & Oliveira, A. (2005). Influence of emotion category and intensity on affective brain processing: CNS and ANS indices. In J. Monahan, J. Townsend & S. Sheffert (Eds.), Fechner Day 2005 (pp. 267-272). Mt. Pleasant, MI: The International Society of Psychophysics.
Pereira, T. S., Oliveira, A. M., & Fonseca, I. B. (2012). The observable R and the unobservable r: Brain and rating responses in a free viewing task with pairs of emotional faces . In Craig Leth-Steensen (Eds.) Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (209-213). Otawa, CAN: International Society for Psychophysics.
Reuter-Lorenz, P., & Davidson, R.J. (1981). Differential contributions of the two cerebral hemispheres to the perception of happy and sad faces. Neuropsychologia , 19 (4), 609-613.
Rodway P., Wright L., & Hardie S. (2003). The valence-specific laterality effect in free viewing conditions: The influence of sex, handedness, and response bias. Brain and Cognition , 53 , 452-463.
Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Yoshikawa, S., Naito, E., & Matsumura, M. (2004). Enhanced neural activity in response to dynamic facial expressions of emotion: an fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research , 20 (1), 81-91.
Tamietto, M., Corazzini, L., de Gelder, B., & Geminiani, G. (2006). Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from facial expressions. Experimental Brain Research , 171 , 389-404.
van der Knaap, L. J., & van der Ham, I. J. (2011). How does the corpus callosum mediate interhemispheric transfer? A review. Behavioral Brain Research , 223 (1), 211-221.
Wager, T. D., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., & Taylor, S. F. (2003). Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: a meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging. Neuroimage , 19 , 513-531.
Weiss, D. (2006). Analysis of variance and functional measurement: A practical guide . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1981). Foundations of information integration theory . New York: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1982). Methods of information integration theory . New York: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1989). Information integration approach to emotions and their measurement. In R. Plutchik & H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience. Volume 4: The measurement of emotions (pp. 133-186). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Anderson, N. H. (1996). A functional theory of cognition . Mahwha, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anderson, N. H. (2001). Empirical directions in design and analysis . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Eralbaum Associates.
Anderson, N. H. (2008). Unified social cognition . New York: Psychology Press.
Anes M. D., & Kruer, J.L. (2004). Investigating hemispheric specialization in a novel face-word Stroop task. Brain and Language , 89 (1), 136-141.
Bagiella, E., Sloan, R., & Heitjan, D. (2000). Mixed-effects models in psychophysiology. Psychophysiology , 37 , 13-20.
Borod, J. C., Cicero, B. A., Obler, L.K., Welkowitz, J., Erhan, H.M., Santschi, C., … Whalen, J.R. (1998). Right hemisphere emotional perception: Evidence across multiple channels. Neuropsychology , 12 (3), 446-458.
Bourne, V. (2006). The divided visual field paradigm: Methodological Considerations. Laterality , 11 (4), 373-393
Bourne, V. (2008). Examining the Relationship between Degree of Handedness and Degree of Cerebral Lateralization for Processing Facial Emotion. Neuropsychology , 22 (3), 350–356.
Bourne, V. (2010). How are emotions lateralised in the brain? Contrasting existing hypotheses using the chimeric faces test. Cognition and Emotion , 24 , 903-911
Chiarello, C., & Maxfield, L. (1996). Varieties of Interhemispheric Inhibition, or How to Keep a Good Hemisphere Down. Brain and Cognition , 30 , 81-108.
Compton, R.J. (2002). Inter-hemispheric interaction facilitates face processing. Neuropsychologia , 40 (13), 2409-2419.
Davidson, R. J., Schwartz, G. E., Saron, C., Bennett, J., & Goleman, D. J. (1979). Frontal versus parietal EEG asymmetry during positive and negative affect. Psychophysiology , 16 , 202-203.
Davidson, R. J. (1992). Emotion and afective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science , 3 , 39-43.
Davidson, R. J. (1995). Cerebral asymmetry, emotion, and affective style. In R. J. Davidson (Ed.), Brain Asymmetry (pp. 735). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Davidson, R.J. (2003). Affective neuroscience and psychophysiology: toward a synthesis. Psychophysiology , 40 (5), 655-665.
Davidson, R. J. (2004). What does the prefrontal cortex “do” in affect: perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology , 67 , 219-233.
Demaree, H. A., Everhart, D. E., Youngstrom, E. A., & Harrison, D. W. (2005). Brain lateralization of emotional processing: historical roots and a future incorporating ‘dominance’. Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Review , 4 , 3–20.
Fonseca, I., Oliveira, A., Teixeira, M., Santos, E. J. R., & Simões, F. (2005). Comparing Oddball and Free Context ERP Paradigms in Evaluative Tasks . In J. Monahan, J. Townsend & S. Sheffert (Eds.), Fechner Day 2005 (pp. 97-100). Mt. Pleasant, MI The International Society for Psychophysics.
Fox, N. A., & Davidson, R. J. (1986). Taste-elicited changes in facial signs of emotion and the asymmetry of brain electrical activity in human newborns. Neuropsychologia , 24 (3), 417-422.
Heilman, K. M., & Valenstein, E. (2012). Clinical Neuropsychology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Hellige, J. (1993). Hemispheric Asymmetry . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jansari, A., Tranel, D., & Adolphs, R. (2000). A valence-specific lateral bias for discriminating emotional facial expressions in free field. Cognition and Emotion , 14 , 341-353.
Jones, N.A., & Fox, N. (1992). Electroencephalogram asymmetry during emotionally evocative films and its relation to positive and negative affectivity. Brain Cognition , 20 , 280-299.
Keselman, H. (1998). Testing treatment effects in repeated measures designs: an update for psychophysiological researchers. Psychophysiology , 35 , 470-478.
Keselman, H., & Keselman, J. (1988). Comparing repeated measures means in factorial designs. Psychophysiology , 25 , 612-618.
Killgore, W., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2007). The right-hemisphere and valence hypothesis: could they both be right (and sometimes left)? Social Cognitive and Affective Neurosciences , 2 (3), 240-250.
Klatzky, R.L., & Atkinson, R.C. (1971). Specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in scanning for information in short-term memory. Attention Perception & Psychophysics , 10 (5), 335-338.
Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) . San Francisco, CA: San Francisco State University, Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory.
Mishkin, M., & Forgays, D.G. (1952). Word recognition as a function of retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology , 43 , 43-48.
Narumoto, J., Okada, T., Sadato, N., Fukui, K., & Yonekura, Y. (2001). Attention to emotion modulates fMRI activity in human right superior temporal sulcus. Cognitive Brain Research , 12 (2), 225-231.
Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia , 9 , 97-113.
Oliveira, A. M., Fonseca, I. B., Teixeira, M., & Santos, E. J. R. (2003). Do valence and arousal prompt the same or different ERP components? Pointing towards an inner psychophysics. In B. Berglund & E. Borg, (Eds), Fechner Day 2003 (pp.217-222). Stockholm: International Society For Psychophysics.
Pereira, T., Fonseca, I., & Oliveira, A. (2005). Influence of emotion category and intensity on affective brain processing: CNS and ANS indices. In J. Monahan, J. Townsend & S. Sheffert (Eds.), Fechner Day 2005 (pp. 267-272). Mt. Pleasant, MI: The International Society of Psychophysics.
Pereira, T. S., Oliveira, A. M., & Fonseca, I. B. (2012). The observable R and the unobservable r: Brain and rating responses in a free viewing task with pairs of emotional faces . In Craig Leth-Steensen (Eds.) Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (209-213). Otawa, CAN: International Society for Psychophysics.
Reuter-Lorenz, P., & Davidson, R.J. (1981). Differential contributions of the two cerebral hemispheres to the perception of happy and sad faces. Neuropsychologia , 19 (4), 609-613.
Rodway P., Wright L., & Hardie S. (2003). The valence-specific laterality effect in free viewing conditions: The influence of sex, handedness, and response bias. Brain and Cognition , 53 , 452-463.
Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Yoshikawa, S., Naito, E., & Matsumura, M. (2004). Enhanced neural activity in response to dynamic facial expressions of emotion: an fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research , 20 (1), 81-91.
Tamietto, M., Corazzini, L., de Gelder, B., & Geminiani, G. (2006). Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from facial expressions. Experimental Brain Research , 171 , 389-404.
van der Knaap, L. J., & van der Ham, I. J. (2011). How does the corpus callosum mediate interhemispheric transfer? A review. Behavioral Brain Research , 223 (1), 211-221.
Wager, T. D., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., & Taylor, S. F. (2003). Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: a meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging. Neuroimage , 19 , 513-531.
Weiss, D. (2006). Analysis of variance and functional measurement: A practical guide . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cómo citar
Pereira, T., Oliveira, A., & Fonseca, I. B. (2016). Brain Activation Follows Adding-Type Integration Laws: Brain and Rating Responses in an Integration Task with pairs of Emotional Faces. Universitas Psychologica, 15(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-3.bafa
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