Un modelo de procesamiento motivacional dual de las conductas de aculturación y resultados de la adaptación
Publicado
ene 29, 2018
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Claudia Recker
Taciano L. Milfont
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-6307
Colleen Ward
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-6307
Colleen Ward
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Resumen
La investigación en aculturación no ha prestado suficiente atención a las motivaciones subyacentes a los comportamientos de los inmigrantes, las cuales influyen en la adaptación a su nuevo país de residencia. Los autores sugieren que la motivación para la conservación cultural (MCC) y la motivación para la exploración cultural (MEC) inciden en los comportamientos de aculturación de los inmigrantes y que estos a su vez afectan su adaptación psicológica y sociocultural. La presente investigación explora un modelo de procesamiento dual basado en las relaciones entre las motivaciones propuestas, los comportamientos de aculturación en relación con personas autóctonas/etnicidad semejante y la adaptación sociocultural y psicológica, en una muestra de inmigrantes en Nueva Zelanda (N = 280; 64.6 % mujeres; Media = 39 años). Usando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, los resultados apoyan el modelo dual propuesto y muestran la capacidad predictiva de las distintas motivaciones. La MCC predijo la adaptación psicológica a través de la conexión con personas de etnicidad semejante, mientras la MEC y la conexión con personas autóctonas predijeron la adaptación sociocultural de forma directa. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados, así como la utilidad del modelo propuesto.
Keywords
adaptation, motivation, immigrants, cultural maintenance, cultural explorationadaptación, motivación, inmigrantes, conservación cultural, exploración cultural
References
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Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697-712. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55, 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.116
Chirkov, V., Vansteenkiste, M., Tao, R., & Lynch, M. (2007). The role of self-determined goals for study abroad in the adaptation of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.03.002
DeYoung, Colin G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the Big Five in a multi-informant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 1138-1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
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Gezentsvey, M., & Ward, C. (2008). Unveiling agency: A motivational perspective on acculturation and adaptation. In R. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguichi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 213-235). London: Academic Press.
Gouveia, V. V., Milfont, T. L., Fonseca, P. N., & Coelho, J. A. P. M. (2009). Life satisfaction in Brazil: Testing the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in five Brazilian samples. Social Indicators Research, 90, 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9257-0
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
Jasinskaja-Lathi, I., Liebkind, K., Jaakkola, M., & Reuter, A. (2006). Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106286925
Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing”. Psychological Review, 103, 263-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
Li, A., & Gasser, M. B. (2005). Predicting Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment: A test of two mediation models. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 561-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.06.003
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Pearson, P. H. (1970). Relationships between global and specified measures of novelty seeking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029010
Recker, C. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of cross-cultural adaptation (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Rothbaum, F., Pott, M., Azuma, H., Miyake, K., & Weisz, J. (2000). The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Development, 71, 1121-1142. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00214
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-006X.55.1.6
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(90)90030-Z
Sorrentino, R. M., & Yamaguchi, S. (2008). Motivation and cognition across cultures. In R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 1-15). London: Academic Press.
Tepper, K., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996). Latent variable models of need for uniqueness. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31, 467-494. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3104_4
Vedder, P., & van de Vijver (2006). Methodological aspects: Studying adolescents in 13 countries. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 47-70). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vedder, P., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Liebkind, K. (2006). Predicting immigrant youth’s adaptation across countries and ethnocultural groups. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 143-165). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vedder, P., & Virta, E. (2005). Language, ethnic identity, and the adaptation of Turkish immigrant youth in the Netherlands and Sweden. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 317-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.05.006
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1994). Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18, 329-343. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0147-1767(94)90036-1
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1993). Where’s the “culture‟ in cross-cultural transition? Comparative studies of sojourner adjustment. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 221-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022193242006
Ward, C., & Kus, L. (2012). Back to and beyond Berry’s basics: The conceptualization, operationalization and classification of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 472-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.02.002
Ward, C., Okura, Y., Kennedy, A., & Kojima, T. (1998). The U-curve on trial: A longitudinal study of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transition. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(98(00008-X
WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health. (1998). WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (1998 version). Hillerød, DE: Frederiksborg General Hospital, Psychiatric Research Unit. Retrieved from http://www.who-5.org/
Wilson, J., & Ward, C. (2010). Revision and expansion of the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Wilson, J., Ward, C., & Fischer, R. (2013). Beyond culture learning theory: What can personality tell us about cultural competence? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 900-927. doi: 10.1177/0022022113492889
2022113492889
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697-712. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55, 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.116
Chirkov, V., Vansteenkiste, M., Tao, R., & Lynch, M. (2007). The role of self-determined goals for study abroad in the adaptation of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.03.002
DeYoung, Colin G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the Big Five in a multi-informant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 1138-1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Fiske, S. T. (2008). Core social motivations. Views from the couch, consciousness, classroom, computers, and collectives. In J. Y. Shah & W. L. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook of motivation science (pp. 3-22). New York: Guildford Press.
Gezentsvey, M., & Ward, C. (2008). Unveiling agency: A motivational perspective on acculturation and adaptation. In R. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguichi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 213-235). London: Academic Press.
Gouveia, V. V., Milfont, T. L., Fonseca, P. N., & Coelho, J. A. P. M. (2009). Life satisfaction in Brazil: Testing the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in five Brazilian samples. Social Indicators Research, 90, 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9257-0
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
Jasinskaja-Lathi, I., Liebkind, K., Jaakkola, M., & Reuter, A. (2006). Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106286925
Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing”. Psychological Review, 103, 263-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
Li, A., & Gasser, M. B. (2005). Predicting Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment: A test of two mediation models. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 561-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.06.003
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction with Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
Pearson, P. H. (1970). Relationships between global and specified measures of novelty seeking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029010
Recker, C. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of cross-cultural adaptation (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Rothbaum, F., Pott, M., Azuma, H., Miyake, K., & Weisz, J. (2000). The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Development, 71, 1121-1142. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00214
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-006X.55.1.6
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(90)90030-Z
Sorrentino, R. M., & Yamaguchi, S. (2008). Motivation and cognition across cultures. In R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 1-15). London: Academic Press.
Tepper, K., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996). Latent variable models of need for uniqueness. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31, 467-494. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3104_4
Vedder, P., & van de Vijver (2006). Methodological aspects: Studying adolescents in 13 countries. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 47-70). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vedder, P., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Liebkind, K. (2006). Predicting immigrant youth’s adaptation across countries and ethnocultural groups. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 143-165). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vedder, P., & Virta, E. (2005). Language, ethnic identity, and the adaptation of Turkish immigrant youth in the Netherlands and Sweden. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 317-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.05.006
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1994). Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18, 329-343. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0147-1767(94)90036-1
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1993). Where’s the “culture‟ in cross-cultural transition? Comparative studies of sojourner adjustment. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 221-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022193242006
Ward, C., & Kus, L. (2012). Back to and beyond Berry’s basics: The conceptualization, operationalization and classification of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 472-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.02.002
Ward, C., Okura, Y., Kennedy, A., & Kojima, T. (1998). The U-curve on trial: A longitudinal study of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transition. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(98(00008-X
WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health. (1998). WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (1998 version). Hillerød, DE: Frederiksborg General Hospital, Psychiatric Research Unit. Retrieved from http://www.who-5.org/
Wilson, J., & Ward, C. (2010). Revision and expansion of the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Wilson, J., Ward, C., & Fischer, R. (2013). Beyond culture learning theory: What can personality tell us about cultural competence? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 900-927. doi: 10.1177/0022022113492889
2022113492889
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Recker, C., Milfont, T. L., & Ward, C. (2018). Un modelo de procesamiento motivacional dual de las conductas de aculturación y resultados de la adaptación. Universitas Psychologica, 16(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-5.dmma
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