Apoyo social, resiliencia y región de origen en la salud mental y la satisfacción vital de los inmigrantes
Publicado
ene 29, 2018
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Resumen
Se analiza la relación del apoyo social y la resiliencia con la satisfacción vital y la salud mental de los inmigrantes, y las diferencias en dichas variables según la región de origen (África, Europa, Latinoamérica y Asia). En el estudio han participado 1094 inmigrantes que residen en España. Los resultados de la regresión por pasos muestran que la tenacidad, el apoyo social de la familia y de los autóctonos, y el control personal son los mejores predictores de la satisfacción vital. La tenacidad, el apoyo de la familia y el control lo son de la salud mental.
Keywords
immigrants, social support, resilience, life satisfaction, mental healthinmigrantes, apoyo social, resiliencia, satisfacción vital, salud mental.
References
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Ayyash-Abdo, H., & Alamuddin, R. (2007). Predictors of subjective well-being among college youth in Lebanon. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(3), 265-284. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.3.265-284
Barudy, J., & Dantagnan, M. (2005). Los buenos tratos a la infancia: Parentalidad, apego y resiliencia. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Checa, J. C., & Monserrat, M. (2015). La integración social de los hijos de inmigrantes africanos, europeos del este y latinoamericanos: un estudio de caso en España. Universitas Psychologica, 14(2), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-2.lish
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9000
Domínguez, J. M., & Hombrados, M. I. (2012). Social support and happiness in immigrant women in Spain. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 977-990. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.02.20.21.PR0.110.3.977-990
Escobar, J. I. (1998). Immigration and mental health: Why are immigrants better off? Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(9), 781-782. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.781
Gagnon, A. J., & Stewart, D. E. (2014). Resilience in international migrant women following violence associated with pregnancy. Archives of women's mental health, 17(4), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-013-0392-5.
García, A., Jiménez, B., & Redondo, A. (2009). La inmigración latinoamericana en España en el siglo XXI. Investigaciones geográficas, 70, 55-70.
García, M. A., Hombrados-Mendieta, I., & Gómez-Jacinto, L. (2016). A Multidimensional Approach to Social Support: The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS). Anales de Psicología, 32(2), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.2.201941
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-bases approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Hernández, S., Alonso, E., & Pozo, C. (2006). Social support interventions in migrant populations. British Journal of Social Work, 36(7), 1151-1169. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch396
Herrero, J., & Gracia, E. (2011). Covariates of Subjective well‐being among Latin American immigrants in Spain: the role of social integration in the community. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(7), 761-775. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20468
Herrero, J., Gracia, E., Fuente, A., & Lila, M. (2012). Desorden social, integración social y bienestar subjetivo en inmigrantes latinoamericanos en España. Anales de psicología, 28(2), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.28.2.148721
Herrman, H., Stewart, D. E., Diaz-Granados, N., Berger. E. L., Jackson, B., & Yuen, T. (2011). What is resilience? Can J Psychiatry 56(5), 258. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105600504
Hombrados-Mendieta, I., Gómez-Jacinto, L., Domínguez-Fuentes, J. M., & García-Leiva, P. (2013). Sense of community and satisfaction with life among immigrants and the native population. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(5), 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21559
Hovey, J. D., & Magana, C. G. (2002). Psychosocial predictors of anxiety among immigrant Mexican migrant farmworkers. Implications for prevention and treatment. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(3), 274-289. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.274
Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., Jaakkola, M., & Reuter, A. (2006). Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106286925
Khan, R. L., & Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: attachment, roles and social support. In P. Baltes & O. Brim (Eds.), Life span development and behavior, 3, 253-286. San Diego CA: Academic Press.
Kiang, L., Grzywacz, J., Marín, A., Arcury, T., & Quandt, S. (2010). Mentalhealth in immigrants from nontraditional receiving sites. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(3), 386-394. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019907
Lai, D. W., & McDonald, R. (1995). Life satisfaction of Chinese elderly immigrants in Calgary. Canadian Journal of Aging, 14(3), 536-552. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980800009107
Lin, N., Dean, A., & Ensel, W. M. (1986). Social support, life events and depression. Nueva York: Academic Press.
Llop-Gironés, A., Vargas Lorenzo, I., Garcia-Subirats, I., Aller, M. B., & Vázquez Navarrete, M. L. (2014). Acceso a los servicios de salud de la población inmigrante en España. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 88(6), 715-734. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272014000600005
Luthar, S.S., & Cichetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004156
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
Mahendra, V., & Agarwal, G. (2016). Quality of life, psychological impairment, and resilience among employment-restricted immigrants. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 7(11), 1042-1047.
Malone, M. E., & Dooley, J. P. (2006). ‘DWELLING IN DISPLACEMENT’ Meanings of ‘community’ and sense of community for two generations of Irish people living in North-West London. Community, work and family, 9(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800500420947
Moreno, M. P., & Hidalgo, M. C. (2011). Medición y predicción de la satisfacción con la vida en inmigrantes empleados en España. Diferencias según su situación administrativa. Anales de psicología, 27(1), 179-185.
Newman, R. (2005). APA’s resilience initiative. Professional Psychology-Research and Practice, 36(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.227
Obrist, B., & Büchi, S. (2008). Stress as an idiom for resilience: health and migration among sub- Saharan Africans in Switzerland. Anthropology & medicine, 15(3), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470802357596.
Panchang, S., Dowdy, H., Kimbro, R., & Gorman, B. (2016). Self-rated health, gender, and acculturative stress among immigrants in the US: New roles for social support. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 55, 120-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.10.0
Patiño, C., & Kirchner, T. (2008): Estrés y coping en inmigrantes latinoamericanos residentes en Barcelona. Revista Iberoamericana de psicología: Ciencia y tecnología 1(1), 29-38.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction With life scale. Psychological assessment, 5(2), 164-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4 5
Pereda, E., & Pereira, R. (2006). Resiliencia e inmigración. Tercer Curso de Terapéutica Familiar. Escuela Vasco-Navarra de Terapia Familiar.
Roth, J. O. (2007). Lengua y migraciones: aspectos culturales de la inmigración latinoamericana en España. Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI), 36, 1.
Rudmin, F. (2009). Constructs, measurements and models of acculturation and acculturative stress. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.12.001
Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Socolar, R. R., Amaya-Jackson, L., English, D., Landsverk, J., & Mathew, R. M. (1998). Children who prosper in unfavorable environments: the relationship to social capital. Pediatrics, 101(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.1.12
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626-631. New York: Society for Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V
Safi, M. (2010). Immigrants’ life satisfaction in Europe: Between assimilation and discrimination. European Sociological Review, 26(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp013
Serrano-Parra, M.D., Garrido-Abejara, M., Notario-Pacheco, B., Bartolomé-Gutierrez, R., Solera- Martínez, M., & Martínez-Vizcaino, V. (2012). Validity of the Connor Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) in people from 60-to-75 years old. International Journal of Psychological Research, 5(2), 49-57.
Shavitt, S., Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., Jiang, D., Holbrook, A., & Stavrakantonaki, M. (2016). Culture moderates the relation between perceived stress, social support, and mental and physical health. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(7), 956-980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116656132
Shoval, G., Schoen, G., Vardi, N., & Zalsman, G. (2007). Suicide in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: a case for study of the genetic-environmental relation in suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 11(3), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110701402603
Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: who seeks it and why? Journal of personality and social psychology, 87(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.354
Tormo, M., Salmerón, D., Colorado-Yohar, S., Ballesta, M., Dios, S., Martínez- Fernández, C., Pérez- Flores, D., García-Pérez, V., Palomar, J., Torres, A., & Navarro, C. (2015). Resultados de dos encuestas dirigidas a inmigrantes y nativos del sureste español: salud, uso de servicios y necesidad de asistencia médica. Salud pública de México, 57(1), 38-49.
Tunstall, H., Shortt, N. K., Pearce, J. R., & Mitchell, R. J. (2015). Difficult Life Events, Selective Migration and Spatial Inequalities in Mental Health in the UK. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0126567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126567
Ugalde-Watson, K., Smith-Castro, V., Moreno-Salas, M., & Rodríguez-García, J. M. (2011). Estructura, correlatos y predictores del estrés por aculturación. El caso de personas refugiadas colombianas en Costa Rica. Universitas Psychologica, 10(3), 759.
Vélez, M. G., Aguado, O. V., & Pérez, P. Á. (2013). El análisis de la resiliencia en personas que constituyen parejas mixtas en Andalucía/Analysis of Resilience in Members of Mixed Couples in Andalusia. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 26(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CUTS.2013.v26.n2.41474
Villa, I., Zuluaga, C., & Restrepo, L. (2013). Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg GHQ-12 en una institución hospitalaria de la ciudad de Medellín. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana/Bogotá, 31(3), 532-545.
Wang, S. W., & Lau, A. S. (2015). Mutual and non-mutual social support: cultural differences in the psychological, behavioral, and biological effects of support seeking. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(7), 916-929. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115592967
Xu, L., & Chi, I. (2013). Acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among Asian immigrants in the United States: The roles of social support and negative interaction. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(3), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030167
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Arenas, P., & Alfonso, U. (2016). Estrategias de aculturación e identidad étnica: un estudio en migrantes sur-sur en el norte de Chile. Universitas Psychologica, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-1.eaie
Ayyash-Abdo, H., & Alamuddin, R. (2007). Predictors of subjective well-being among college youth in Lebanon. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(3), 265-284. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.3.265-284
Barudy, J., & Dantagnan, M. (2005). Los buenos tratos a la infancia: Parentalidad, apego y resiliencia. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Checa, J. C., & Monserrat, M. (2015). La integración social de los hijos de inmigrantes africanos, europeos del este y latinoamericanos: un estudio de caso en España. Universitas Psychologica, 14(2), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-2.lish
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9000
Domínguez, J. M., & Hombrados, M. I. (2012). Social support and happiness in immigrant women in Spain. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 977-990. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.02.20.21.PR0.110.3.977-990
Escobar, J. I. (1998). Immigration and mental health: Why are immigrants better off? Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(9), 781-782. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.781
Gagnon, A. J., & Stewart, D. E. (2014). Resilience in international migrant women following violence associated with pregnancy. Archives of women's mental health, 17(4), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-013-0392-5.
García, A., Jiménez, B., & Redondo, A. (2009). La inmigración latinoamericana en España en el siglo XXI. Investigaciones geográficas, 70, 55-70.
García, M. A., Hombrados-Mendieta, I., & Gómez-Jacinto, L. (2016). A Multidimensional Approach to Social Support: The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS). Anales de Psicología, 32(2), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.2.201941
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-bases approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Hernández, S., Alonso, E., & Pozo, C. (2006). Social support interventions in migrant populations. British Journal of Social Work, 36(7), 1151-1169. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch396
Herrero, J., & Gracia, E. (2011). Covariates of Subjective well‐being among Latin American immigrants in Spain: the role of social integration in the community. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(7), 761-775. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20468
Herrero, J., Gracia, E., Fuente, A., & Lila, M. (2012). Desorden social, integración social y bienestar subjetivo en inmigrantes latinoamericanos en España. Anales de psicología, 28(2), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.28.2.148721
Herrman, H., Stewart, D. E., Diaz-Granados, N., Berger. E. L., Jackson, B., & Yuen, T. (2011). What is resilience? Can J Psychiatry 56(5), 258. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105600504
Hombrados-Mendieta, I., Gómez-Jacinto, L., Domínguez-Fuentes, J. M., & García-Leiva, P. (2013). Sense of community and satisfaction with life among immigrants and the native population. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(5), 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21559
Hovey, J. D., & Magana, C. G. (2002). Psychosocial predictors of anxiety among immigrant Mexican migrant farmworkers. Implications for prevention and treatment. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(3), 274-289. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.274
Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., Jaakkola, M., & Reuter, A. (2006). Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106286925
Khan, R. L., & Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: attachment, roles and social support. In P. Baltes & O. Brim (Eds.), Life span development and behavior, 3, 253-286. San Diego CA: Academic Press.
Kiang, L., Grzywacz, J., Marín, A., Arcury, T., & Quandt, S. (2010). Mentalhealth in immigrants from nontraditional receiving sites. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(3), 386-394. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019907
Lai, D. W., & McDonald, R. (1995). Life satisfaction of Chinese elderly immigrants in Calgary. Canadian Journal of Aging, 14(3), 536-552. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980800009107
Lin, N., Dean, A., & Ensel, W. M. (1986). Social support, life events and depression. Nueva York: Academic Press.
Llop-Gironés, A., Vargas Lorenzo, I., Garcia-Subirats, I., Aller, M. B., & Vázquez Navarrete, M. L. (2014). Acceso a los servicios de salud de la población inmigrante en España. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 88(6), 715-734. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272014000600005
Luthar, S.S., & Cichetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004156
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
Mahendra, V., & Agarwal, G. (2016). Quality of life, psychological impairment, and resilience among employment-restricted immigrants. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 7(11), 1042-1047.
Malone, M. E., & Dooley, J. P. (2006). ‘DWELLING IN DISPLACEMENT’ Meanings of ‘community’ and sense of community for two generations of Irish people living in North-West London. Community, work and family, 9(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800500420947
Moreno, M. P., & Hidalgo, M. C. (2011). Medición y predicción de la satisfacción con la vida en inmigrantes empleados en España. Diferencias según su situación administrativa. Anales de psicología, 27(1), 179-185.
Newman, R. (2005). APA’s resilience initiative. Professional Psychology-Research and Practice, 36(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.227
Obrist, B., & Büchi, S. (2008). Stress as an idiom for resilience: health and migration among sub- Saharan Africans in Switzerland. Anthropology & medicine, 15(3), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470802357596.
Panchang, S., Dowdy, H., Kimbro, R., & Gorman, B. (2016). Self-rated health, gender, and acculturative stress among immigrants in the US: New roles for social support. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 55, 120-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.10.0
Patiño, C., & Kirchner, T. (2008): Estrés y coping en inmigrantes latinoamericanos residentes en Barcelona. Revista Iberoamericana de psicología: Ciencia y tecnología 1(1), 29-38.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction With life scale. Psychological assessment, 5(2), 164-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4 5
Pereda, E., & Pereira, R. (2006). Resiliencia e inmigración. Tercer Curso de Terapéutica Familiar. Escuela Vasco-Navarra de Terapia Familiar.
Roth, J. O. (2007). Lengua y migraciones: aspectos culturales de la inmigración latinoamericana en España. Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI), 36, 1.
Rudmin, F. (2009). Constructs, measurements and models of acculturation and acculturative stress. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.12.001
Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Socolar, R. R., Amaya-Jackson, L., English, D., Landsverk, J., & Mathew, R. M. (1998). Children who prosper in unfavorable environments: the relationship to social capital. Pediatrics, 101(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.1.12
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626-631. New York: Society for Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V
Safi, M. (2010). Immigrants’ life satisfaction in Europe: Between assimilation and discrimination. European Sociological Review, 26(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp013
Serrano-Parra, M.D., Garrido-Abejara, M., Notario-Pacheco, B., Bartolomé-Gutierrez, R., Solera- Martínez, M., & Martínez-Vizcaino, V. (2012). Validity of the Connor Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) in people from 60-to-75 years old. International Journal of Psychological Research, 5(2), 49-57.
Shavitt, S., Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., Jiang, D., Holbrook, A., & Stavrakantonaki, M. (2016). Culture moderates the relation between perceived stress, social support, and mental and physical health. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(7), 956-980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116656132
Shoval, G., Schoen, G., Vardi, N., & Zalsman, G. (2007). Suicide in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: a case for study of the genetic-environmental relation in suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 11(3), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110701402603
Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: who seeks it and why? Journal of personality and social psychology, 87(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.354
Tormo, M., Salmerón, D., Colorado-Yohar, S., Ballesta, M., Dios, S., Martínez- Fernández, C., Pérez- Flores, D., García-Pérez, V., Palomar, J., Torres, A., & Navarro, C. (2015). Resultados de dos encuestas dirigidas a inmigrantes y nativos del sureste español: salud, uso de servicios y necesidad de asistencia médica. Salud pública de México, 57(1), 38-49.
Tunstall, H., Shortt, N. K., Pearce, J. R., & Mitchell, R. J. (2015). Difficult Life Events, Selective Migration and Spatial Inequalities in Mental Health in the UK. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0126567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126567
Ugalde-Watson, K., Smith-Castro, V., Moreno-Salas, M., & Rodríguez-García, J. M. (2011). Estructura, correlatos y predictores del estrés por aculturación. El caso de personas refugiadas colombianas en Costa Rica. Universitas Psychologica, 10(3), 759.
Vélez, M. G., Aguado, O. V., & Pérez, P. Á. (2013). El análisis de la resiliencia en personas que constituyen parejas mixtas en Andalucía/Analysis of Resilience in Members of Mixed Couples in Andalusia. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 26(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CUTS.2013.v26.n2.41474
Villa, I., Zuluaga, C., & Restrepo, L. (2013). Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg GHQ-12 en una institución hospitalaria de la ciudad de Medellín. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana/Bogotá, 31(3), 532-545.
Wang, S. W., & Lau, A. S. (2015). Mutual and non-mutual social support: cultural differences in the psychological, behavioral, and biological effects of support seeking. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(7), 916-929. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115592967
Xu, L., & Chi, I. (2013). Acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among Asian immigrants in the United States: The roles of social support and negative interaction. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(3), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030167
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Cómo citar
García-Cid, A., Hombrados-Mendieta, I., Gómez-Jacinto, L., Palma-García, M. D. las O., & Millán-Franco, M. (2018). Apoyo social, resiliencia y región de origen en la salud mental y la satisfacción vital de los inmigrantes. Universitas Psychologica, 16(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-5.asrr
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