Implicación del padre no custodio y autoestima infantil tras el divorcio parental en España
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dic 15, 2021
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Este trabajo pretende (1) estudiar la implicación del padre no residente tras el divorcio y, (2) analizar si esta se relaciona con la autoestima infantil. Se entrevistaron a 83 madres divorciadas y 96 niños y niñas de Sevilla (España). Estos tenían entre 6 y 14 años (M = 9.21; SD = 1.94). Se accedió a las familias a través de las escuelas. Los resultados mostraron heterogeneidad en la implicación del padre no residente: la frecuencia de contactos variaba entre los que no tenían relación con él y los que lo veían semanal o diariamente; el 88% valoraba positivamente la relación con su padre; el 38.5% pernoctaba con él; el 80.2% de los padres no participaba en las decisiones de sus hijos e hijas; y el 46,8% no pagaba la pensión establecida por el juez. Los resultados indicaron que los niños y niñas presentaban una buena autoestima (M = 2.96; SD = 0.53). Finalmente, mostraron una relación significativa entre la autoestima infantil y la calidad de la relación padre-hijo (F(1,73) = 5.92, p <0.01). Estos resultados ofrecen claves para mejorar la autoestima infantil tras el divorcio parental, considerando el papel que juega sobre la misma la implicación del padre no residente.
Keywords
divorce, nonresident father, involvement, self-esteem, childrendivorcio, padre no custodio, implicación, autoestima, infantil
References
Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. K. (2013). An updated and expanded meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033786
Amato, P. R., & Gilbreth, J. G. (1999). Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(3), 557-574. https://doi.org/10.2307/353560
Amato, P. R., Meyer, C. E., & Emery, R. E. (2009). Changes in nonresident father-child contact from 1976 to 2002. Family Relations 58(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00533.x
Bailey, S. J. (2003). Challenges and strengths in nonresidential parenting following divorce. Marriage & Family Review, 35(1), 29- 44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v35n01_03
Bastaits, K., & Mortelmans, D. (2014). Does the Parenting of Divorced Mothers and Fathers Affect Children’s Well-Being in the Same Way? Child Indicators Research, 7(2), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9228-0
Bastaits, K., Ponnet, K., & Mortelmans, D. (2012). Parenting of divorced fathers and the association with children’s self-esteem. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 41(12), 1643-1656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9783-6
Beckmeyer, J. J., Troilo, J., & Markham, M. S. (2020). Parental Academic Involvement and Youth Well-Being in Post-Divorce Families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 61(6), 443-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2020.1768491
Booth, A., & Scott, M. (2006, July). Post-divorce father-adolescent relationship quality [Paper. International Conference of Children and Divorce, Norwich, U.K. https://archive.uea.ac.uk/swp/iccd2006/Presentations/Booth7.pdf
Cabrera, N. J., Tanis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71(1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00126
Cantón, J., & Justicia, M. D. (2005, September 6). Percepción de los hijos del divorcio, de los conflictos y de las relaciones con los padres [Children’s perception of divorce, conflicts and their relationship with their parents] [Paper. IV Jornadas de Desarrollo Humano y Educación [Human Development and Education Workshop]. Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Cashmore, J., & Parkinson, P. (2008). Overnight stays and children’s relationships with resident and nonresident parents after divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 29(6), 707-733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2007.00185.x
Castillo, J., & Fenzl-Crossman, A. (2010). The relationship between non-marital fathers´ social networks and social capital and father involvement. Child & Family Social Work, 15(1), 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00644.x
Choi, J. K., & Pyun, H. S. (2013). Nonresident fathers’ financial support, informal instrumental support, mothers’ parenting, and child development in single mother families with low income. Journal of Family Issues, 35(4), 526-546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13478403
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Suppl.), S95-S120. http://0-www.jstor.org.fama.us.es/stable/2780243
Cooley, C. H. (1922). Human nature and the social order. Scribner’s Sons.
Culp, R., Schadle, S., Robinson, L., & Culp, A. (2000). Relationships among parental involvement and young children’s perceived self-competence and educational problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009455514587
Demo, D. H. (2000). Children’s experience of family diversity. National Forum, 80, 16-23.http://nadaskysnest.com/Childrens%20Experience%20and%20Family%20Diversity%20Article.pdf
Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlatos of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653
DuBois, D. L., & Flay, B. R. (2004). The healthy pursuit of self-esteem: Comment on an alternative to the Crocker and Park (2004) formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.415
Eurostat (2020). Crude marriage rate and crude divorce rate. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00206/default/table?lang=en
Furstenberg, F. F., & Hughes, M. E. (1995). Social capital and successful development among at-risk youth. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57(3), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.2307/353914
Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Child Development, 53(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129640
Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: a developmental perspective. Guilford press.
Havermans, N., Vanassche, S., & Matthijs, K. (2015). Methodological Challenges of Including Children in Family Research: Measurement Equivalence, Selection Bias and Social Desirability. Child Indicators Research, 8, 975-997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9275-1
Hetherington, E. M. (2003). Social support and the adjustment of children in divorced and remarried families. Childhood, 10, 217-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568203010002007
Hetherington, E. M., & Kelly, J. (2002). For better or for worse. Divorce reconsidered.. Norton y Co.
King, V. (2006, July). Nonresident father involvement and child well-being [Paper. International Conference of Children and Divorce. Norwich, UK.
Leite, R., & McKenry, P. (2002). Aspects of father status and post-divorce father involvement with children. Journal of Family Issues, 23(5), 601-623. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X02023005002
Marsiglio, W., Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. (2000). Exploring fatherhood diversity: implications for conceptualizing father involvement. Marriage and Family Review, 29(4), 269-293. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v29n04_03
Maundeni, T. (2000). The consequences of parental separation and divorce for the economic, social and emotional circumstances of children in Botswana. Childhood- A global journal of child research, 7(2), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568200007002006
Morgado, B., (2008). Experiencia del divorcio parental y ajuste psicológico infantil [Experience of parental divorce and child psychological adjustment] [Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de Sevilla]. https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/15479/Y_TD_PS-PROV5.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
Morgado, B. (2010). La relación con el padre tras el divorcio: la mirada de niños y niñas [The relationship with the father following divorce]. Estudios de Psicología, 31(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1174/021093910790744554
Moura, O., & Mena, P. (2004, September). Vinculaςao aos pais e divórcio em adolescentes. [Link to country and divorce in adolescents] [Paper. 2º Congreso Hispano – Portugués [2nd Spanish-Portuguese Congress]. Lisbon, Portugal.
Moxnes, K. (2003). Risk factors in divorce. Perceptions by children involved. Childhood, 10(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568203010002002
Pagani-Kurtz, L., & Derevensky, J. L. (1997). Access by noncustodial parents affect upon children’s postdivorce coping resources. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 27, 43 - 55. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v27n01_03
Pons, G., & Del Barrio, V. (1995). El efecto del divorcio sobre la ansiedad de los hijos [The effect of divorce on the anxiety of the children]. Psicothema, 7(3), 489-497. http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=996
Rosenberg, M. (1973). La autoestima del adolescente y la sociedad [Society and the adolescent self-image]. Paidós.
Sano, Y., Smith, S., & Lanigan, J. (2011). Predicting presence and level of nonresident fathers´ involvement in infants´ lives: Mothers´ perspective. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 52(5), 350-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2011.586613
Sharona, M., & Shlomo, A. (2006). The non-custodial father. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(1-2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v45n01_05
Stahlschmidt, M. J., Threlfall, J., Seay, K. D., Lewis, E., & Kohl, P. L. (2013). Recruiting fathers to parenting programs: Advice from dads and fatherhood program providers. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(10), 1734-1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.07.004
Statistical National Institute. (2020). Divorcios entre cónyuges de diferente sexo [Divorces between spouses of different sex]. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=20692
Stone, G. (2006). An exploration of factors influencing the quality of children´s relationships with their father following divorce. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 46(1-2), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v46n01_02
Storksen, I., Roysamb, E., Moum, T., & Tambs, K. (2005). Adolescents with a childhood experience of parental divorce: A longitudinal study of mental health and adjustment. Journal of Adolescence, 28(6), 725- 739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.001
Topete, M. (2020). The relationship between self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement in adults whose parents divorced during their childhood. Thesis. California State University, Northridge. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/216065
Yuk-King, L. (2008). Parent-child relationships, parental relationships and children's self-esteem in post-divorce families in Hong Kong, Marriage & Family Review, 42(4), 87-103, https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v42n04_05
Yuk-King, L. (2017). Postdivorce coparenting and children’s well-being in Hong Kong. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(5), 329- 346, https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2017.1302237
Amato, P. R., & Gilbreth, J. G. (1999). Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(3), 557-574. https://doi.org/10.2307/353560
Amato, P. R., Meyer, C. E., & Emery, R. E. (2009). Changes in nonresident father-child contact from 1976 to 2002. Family Relations 58(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00533.x
Bailey, S. J. (2003). Challenges and strengths in nonresidential parenting following divorce. Marriage & Family Review, 35(1), 29- 44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v35n01_03
Bastaits, K., & Mortelmans, D. (2014). Does the Parenting of Divorced Mothers and Fathers Affect Children’s Well-Being in the Same Way? Child Indicators Research, 7(2), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9228-0
Bastaits, K., Ponnet, K., & Mortelmans, D. (2012). Parenting of divorced fathers and the association with children’s self-esteem. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 41(12), 1643-1656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9783-6
Beckmeyer, J. J., Troilo, J., & Markham, M. S. (2020). Parental Academic Involvement and Youth Well-Being in Post-Divorce Families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 61(6), 443-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2020.1768491
Booth, A., & Scott, M. (2006, July). Post-divorce father-adolescent relationship quality [Paper. International Conference of Children and Divorce, Norwich, U.K. https://archive.uea.ac.uk/swp/iccd2006/Presentations/Booth7.pdf
Cabrera, N. J., Tanis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71(1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00126
Cantón, J., & Justicia, M. D. (2005, September 6). Percepción de los hijos del divorcio, de los conflictos y de las relaciones con los padres [Children’s perception of divorce, conflicts and their relationship with their parents] [Paper. IV Jornadas de Desarrollo Humano y Educación [Human Development and Education Workshop]. Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Cashmore, J., & Parkinson, P. (2008). Overnight stays and children’s relationships with resident and nonresident parents after divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 29(6), 707-733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2007.00185.x
Castillo, J., & Fenzl-Crossman, A. (2010). The relationship between non-marital fathers´ social networks and social capital and father involvement. Child & Family Social Work, 15(1), 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00644.x
Choi, J. K., & Pyun, H. S. (2013). Nonresident fathers’ financial support, informal instrumental support, mothers’ parenting, and child development in single mother families with low income. Journal of Family Issues, 35(4), 526-546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13478403
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Suppl.), S95-S120. http://0-www.jstor.org.fama.us.es/stable/2780243
Cooley, C. H. (1922). Human nature and the social order. Scribner’s Sons.
Culp, R., Schadle, S., Robinson, L., & Culp, A. (2000). Relationships among parental involvement and young children’s perceived self-competence and educational problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009455514587
Demo, D. H. (2000). Children’s experience of family diversity. National Forum, 80, 16-23.http://nadaskysnest.com/Childrens%20Experience%20and%20Family%20Diversity%20Article.pdf
Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlatos of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653
DuBois, D. L., & Flay, B. R. (2004). The healthy pursuit of self-esteem: Comment on an alternative to the Crocker and Park (2004) formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.415
Eurostat (2020). Crude marriage rate and crude divorce rate. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00206/default/table?lang=en
Furstenberg, F. F., & Hughes, M. E. (1995). Social capital and successful development among at-risk youth. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57(3), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.2307/353914
Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Child Development, 53(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129640
Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: a developmental perspective. Guilford press.
Havermans, N., Vanassche, S., & Matthijs, K. (2015). Methodological Challenges of Including Children in Family Research: Measurement Equivalence, Selection Bias and Social Desirability. Child Indicators Research, 8, 975-997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9275-1
Hetherington, E. M. (2003). Social support and the adjustment of children in divorced and remarried families. Childhood, 10, 217-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568203010002007
Hetherington, E. M., & Kelly, J. (2002). For better or for worse. Divorce reconsidered.. Norton y Co.
King, V. (2006, July). Nonresident father involvement and child well-being [Paper. International Conference of Children and Divorce. Norwich, UK.
Leite, R., & McKenry, P. (2002). Aspects of father status and post-divorce father involvement with children. Journal of Family Issues, 23(5), 601-623. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X02023005002
Marsiglio, W., Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. (2000). Exploring fatherhood diversity: implications for conceptualizing father involvement. Marriage and Family Review, 29(4), 269-293. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v29n04_03
Maundeni, T. (2000). The consequences of parental separation and divorce for the economic, social and emotional circumstances of children in Botswana. Childhood- A global journal of child research, 7(2), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568200007002006
Morgado, B., (2008). Experiencia del divorcio parental y ajuste psicológico infantil [Experience of parental divorce and child psychological adjustment] [Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de Sevilla]. https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/15479/Y_TD_PS-PROV5.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
Morgado, B. (2010). La relación con el padre tras el divorcio: la mirada de niños y niñas [The relationship with the father following divorce]. Estudios de Psicología, 31(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1174/021093910790744554
Moura, O., & Mena, P. (2004, September). Vinculaςao aos pais e divórcio em adolescentes. [Link to country and divorce in adolescents] [Paper. 2º Congreso Hispano – Portugués [2nd Spanish-Portuguese Congress]. Lisbon, Portugal.
Moxnes, K. (2003). Risk factors in divorce. Perceptions by children involved. Childhood, 10(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568203010002002
Pagani-Kurtz, L., & Derevensky, J. L. (1997). Access by noncustodial parents affect upon children’s postdivorce coping resources. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 27, 43 - 55. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v27n01_03
Pons, G., & Del Barrio, V. (1995). El efecto del divorcio sobre la ansiedad de los hijos [The effect of divorce on the anxiety of the children]. Psicothema, 7(3), 489-497. http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=996
Rosenberg, M. (1973). La autoestima del adolescente y la sociedad [Society and the adolescent self-image]. Paidós.
Sano, Y., Smith, S., & Lanigan, J. (2011). Predicting presence and level of nonresident fathers´ involvement in infants´ lives: Mothers´ perspective. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 52(5), 350-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2011.586613
Sharona, M., & Shlomo, A. (2006). The non-custodial father. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(1-2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v45n01_05
Stahlschmidt, M. J., Threlfall, J., Seay, K. D., Lewis, E., & Kohl, P. L. (2013). Recruiting fathers to parenting programs: Advice from dads and fatherhood program providers. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(10), 1734-1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.07.004
Statistical National Institute. (2020). Divorcios entre cónyuges de diferente sexo [Divorces between spouses of different sex]. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=20692
Stone, G. (2006). An exploration of factors influencing the quality of children´s relationships with their father following divorce. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 46(1-2), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v46n01_02
Storksen, I., Roysamb, E., Moum, T., & Tambs, K. (2005). Adolescents with a childhood experience of parental divorce: A longitudinal study of mental health and adjustment. Journal of Adolescence, 28(6), 725- 739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.001
Topete, M. (2020). The relationship between self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement in adults whose parents divorced during their childhood. Thesis. California State University, Northridge. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/216065
Yuk-King, L. (2008). Parent-child relationships, parental relationships and children's self-esteem in post-divorce families in Hong Kong, Marriage & Family Review, 42(4), 87-103, https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v42n04_05
Yuk-King, L. (2017). Postdivorce coparenting and children’s well-being in Hong Kong. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(5), 329- 346, https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2017.1302237
Cómo citar
Morgado Camacho, B., González, M. M., & López, A. (2021). Implicación del padre no custodio y autoestima infantil tras el divorcio parental en España. Universitas Psychologica, 20, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy20.nfic
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