Apoyo social en educación superior: evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en el contexto peruano
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sep 29, 2021
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Resumen
El apoyo social es un concepto fundamental que describe cómo las relaciones humanas positivas y las redes sociales permiten a las personas superar eventos estresantes y encontrarse en un estado de relativo bienestar. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) en una muestra peruana. Los participantes fueron 417 estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. (Medad = 21.78, DE = 4.09). La recolección de los datos se llevaron a cabo después de la aprobación del comité de ética y autorización de todas las partes involucradas Se evaluó un modelo teórico de tres factores utilizando análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados mostraron buenos índices de ajuste y revelaron que la estructura tridimensional del SS-A era invariable en función del género y presentaba una fiabilidad adecuada. Asimismo, el apoyo social mostró correlaciones significativas con el estrés académico. A pesar de que una de las limitaciones está relacionada a la naturaleza no aleatoria de los datos, los hallazgos revelan evidencia preliminar que el Social Support Appraisals Scale es un instrumento confiable y con evidencias de validez para la evaluación del apoyo social percibido en esta muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos.
Keywords
apoyo social, validación, confiabilidad, Perú, estudiantes universitarios social support, validation, reliability, Peru, university students
References
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Cárdenas-Castro, M., Barrientos Delgado, J., & Ricci Alvarado, E. (2015). Estructura factorial de la escala de soporte social subjetivo: validación en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos [Factor structure of the Subjective Social Support Scale: validation with a sample of university students in Chile]. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 18(1), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.14718/acp.2015.18.1.9
Caycho, T., Dominguez, S., Villegas, G., Sotelo, N., & Carbajal, C. (2014). Análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Funcional DUKE-UNK-11 en inmigrantes peruanos en Italia [Psychometric analysis of Functional Social Support Questionnaire DUKE-UNK-11 in Peruvian migrants in Italy]. Pensamiento Psicológico, 12(2), 25-35. https://revistas.javerianacali.edu.co/index.php/pensamientopsicologico/article/view/737
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-55. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2018). Proposal for cut-offs for factor loadings: A construct reliability perspective. Enfermería Clínica, 28(6), 401-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2018.06.006
Dupont, S., Galand, B., & Nils, F. (2015). The impact of different sources of social support on academic performance: Intervening factors and mediated pathways in the case of master's thesis. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 65(5), 227-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2015.08.003
Essel, J., & Owusu, P. (2017). Causes of students’ stress, its effects on their academic success, and stress management by students. (Master Thesis, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland). Theseus. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-201704134793
Fernández-Lasarte, O., Ramos- Diaz, E., & Axpe Saez, I. (2019). Rendimiento académico, apoyo social percibido e inteligencia emocional en la universidad [Academic performance, perceived social support, and emotional intelligence in college]. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 9(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.30552/ejihpe.v9i1.315
Friedlander, L. J., Reid, G. J., Shupak, N., & Cribbie, R. (2007). Social support, self-esteem, and stress as predictors of adjustment to university among first-year undergraduates. Journal of College Student Development, 48(3), 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2007.0024
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2015). Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Social Science Computer Review, 34(2), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314567449
García, F., Manquián, E., & Rivas, G. (2016). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance Bienestar psicológico, estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo social en cuidadores informales. Psicoperspectivas, 15(3), 101-111.
https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol15-issue3-fulltext-770
Glozah, F., & Pevalin, D. (2014). Social support, stress, health, and academic success in Ghanaian adolescents: A path analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 37(4), 451-460.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.010
Gökler, I. (2007). The Turkish adaptation study of social support appraisals scale to be used with children and adolescents: Factor structure, validity and reliability. Turkish Journal of child Adolescent Mental Health, 14, 90-99.
Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M., Romero, I., & Barrica, J. M. (2017). Perceived social support, school engagement and satisfaction with school. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 22(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2017.05.001
Howard, S., Creaven, A. M., Hughes, B., O’Leary, E., & James, J. (2017). Perceived social support predicts lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in older adults. Biological Psychology, 125, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.02.006
Jacobson, N. C., Lord, K. A., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Perceived emotional social support in bereaved spouses mediates the relationship between anxiety and depression. Journal of Affective Dissorders, 211, 83-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.011
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2015). LISREL 9.20 for windows. [Computer software].
Skokie, IL: Scientific. Khan, A., Hamdan, A., Ahmad, R., Mustaffa, M., & Mahalle, S. (2016). Problem-solving coping and social support as mediators of academic stress and suicidal ideation among malaysian and indian adolescents. Community Mental Health Journal, 52, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9937-6
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Koetsenruijter, J., van Lieshout, J., Lionis, C., Portillo, M. C., Vassilev, I., Todorova, E., Foss, C., Serrano-Gil, M., Ruud, I., Angelaki, A., Mujika, A., Roukova, P., Kennedy, A., Rogers, A., & Wensing, M. (2015). Social Support and Health in Diabetes Patients: An Observational Study in Six European Countries in an Era of Austerity. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0135079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135079
Laireiter, A. R. (2005). Skalen Soziale Unterstützung [Scales of social support]. Mödling: Schuhfried.
Lee, C. S., & Goldstein, S. E. (2016) Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood: Does the Source of Support Matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, 568-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0395-9
Leme, V. B. R. (2013). Adolescentes de famílias nucleares, monoparentais e recasadas: Relações entre práticas parentais, habilidades sociais, bem-estar psicológico e percepção de apoio social (Protocol No. 11/05321-4). São Paulo, SP: FAPESP. Unpublished Research Report.
Li, J., Han, X., Wang, W., Sun, G., & Cheng, Z. (2018). How social support influences university students' academic achievement and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of self-esteem. Learning and Individual Differences, 61, 120-126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.11.016
Lynch-Jordan, A. M., Sil, S., Bromberg, M., Ting, T. V., & Kashikar-Zuck, S. (2015). Cross-Sectional study of young adults diagnosed with juvenile fibromyalgia: Social Support and its impact on functioning and mood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.015
Manrique-Millones, D. L., Ghesquière, P., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2014). Evaluation of a parental scale in a Peruvian Context. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9744-z
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Cómo citar
Manrique Millones, D. L., Millones Rivalles, R., Dominguez Lara, S., Pineda Marín, C., & Manrique Pino, O. (2021). Apoyo social en educación superior: evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en el contexto peruano. Universitas Psychologica, 19, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy19.sshe
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