Palabras clave
validación
confiabilidad
Perú
estudiantes universitarios
Cómo citar
Resumen
El apoyo social es un concepto fundamental que describe cómo las relaciones humanas positivas y las redes sociales permiten a las personas superar eventos estresantes y encontrarse en un estado de relativo bienestar. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) en una muestra peruana. Los participantes fueron 417 estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. (Medad = 21.78, DE = 4.09). La recolección de los datos se llevaron a cabo después de la aprobación del comité de ética y autorización de todas las partes involucradas Se evaluó un modelo teórico de tres factores utilizando análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados mostraron buenos índices de ajuste y revelaron que la estructura tridimensional del SS-A era invariable en función del género y presentaba una fiabilidad adecuada. Asimismo, el apoyo social mostró correlaciones significativas con el estrés académico. A pesar de que una de las limitaciones está relacionada a la naturaleza no aleatoria de los datos, los hallazgos revelan evidencia preliminar que el Social Support Appraisals Scale es un instrumento confiable y con evidencias de validez para la evaluación del apoyo social percibido en esta muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos.
Abdollahzade Rafi, M., Hassanzadeh, M., Ahmadi, S., Taheri, M., & Hosseini, M. A. (2012). Relationship between social support with depression and anxiety during third trimester pregnancy. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 7(26), 1-10. http://ijnr.ir/article-1-1051-en.html
Alonso-Fachado, A. (2008). Influencia del Apoyo Social en el control metabólico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. [Doctoral Dissertation, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain]. Minerva Repositorio Institucional Da ISC. http://hdl.handle.net/10347/2581
Amaya-Ropero, M. C., & Carrillo-González, G. M. (2015). Apoyo social percibido y afrontamiento en personas con dolor crónico no maligno [Perceived social support and coping in people with chronic non-malignant pain]. Aquichan, 15(4), 461-474. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2015.15.4.2
Anderson, D. R., Roubinov, D. S., Turner, A. P., Williams, R. M., Norvell, D. C., & Czerniecki, J. M. (2017). Perceived social support moderates the relationship between activities of daily living and depression after lower limb loss. Rehabilitation Psychology, 62(2), 214-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000133
Antunes, C., & Fontaine, A. M. (2005). Percepção de apoio social na adolescência: Análise fatorial confirmatória da escala Social Support Appraisals [Perception of social support in adolescence: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Perceived Social Support Appraisals Scale]. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 15(32), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2005000300005
Barraza, A. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario SISCO del Estrés Académico. [Psychometric properties of SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress]. Revista PsicológicaCientífica.com, 9(10). https://www.psicologiacientifica.com/sisco-propiedades-psicometricas/
Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., DeGruy, F. V., & Kaplan, B. H. (1988). The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire: Measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Medical Care, 26(7), 709-723. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198807000-00006
Cárdenas-Castro, M., Barrientos Delgado, J., & Ricci Alvarado, E. (2015). Estructura factorial de la escala de soporte social subjetivo: validación en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos [Factor structure of the Subjective Social Support Scale: validation with a sample of university students in Chile]. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 18(1), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.14718/acp.2015.18.1.9
Caycho, T., Dominguez, S., Villegas, G., Sotelo, N., & Carbajal, C. (2014). Análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Funcional DUKE-UNK-11 en inmigrantes peruanos en Italia [Psychometric analysis of Functional Social Support Questionnaire DUKE-UNK-11 in Peruvian migrants in Italy]. Pensamiento Psicológico, 12(2), 25-35. https://revistas.javerianacali.edu.co/index.php/pensamientopsicologico/article/view/737
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-55. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2018). Proposal for cut-offs for factor loadings: A construct reliability perspective. Enfermería Clínica, 28(6), 401-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2018.06.006
Dupont, S., Galand, B., & Nils, F. (2015). The impact of different sources of social support on academic performance: Intervening factors and mediated pathways in the case of master's thesis. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 65(5), 227-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2015.08.003
Essel, J., & Owusu, P. (2017). Causes of students’ stress, its effects on their academic success, and stress management by students. (Master Thesis, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland). Theseus. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-201704134793
Fernández-Lasarte, O., Ramos- Diaz, E., & Axpe Saez, I. (2019). Rendimiento académico, apoyo social percibido e inteligencia emocional en la universidad [Academic performance, perceived social support, and emotional intelligence in college]. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 9(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.30552/ejihpe.v9i1.315
Friedlander, L. J., Reid, G. J., Shupak, N., & Cribbie, R. (2007). Social support, self-esteem, and stress as predictors of adjustment to university among first-year undergraduates. Journal of College Student Development, 48(3), 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2007.0024
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2015). Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Social Science Computer Review, 34(2), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314567449
García, F., Manquián, E., & Rivas, G. (2016). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance Bienestar psicológico, estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo social en cuidadores informales. Psicoperspectivas, 15(3), 101-111.
https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol15-issue3-fulltext-770
Glozah, F., & Pevalin, D. (2014). Social support, stress, health, and academic success in Ghanaian adolescents: A path analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 37(4), 451-460.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.010
Gökler, I. (2007). The Turkish adaptation study of social support appraisals scale to be used with children and adolescents: Factor structure, validity and reliability. Turkish Journal of child Adolescent Mental Health, 14, 90-99.
Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M., Romero, I., & Barrica, J. M. (2017). Perceived social support, school engagement and satisfaction with school. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 22(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2017.05.001
Howard, S., Creaven, A. M., Hughes, B., O’Leary, E., & James, J. (2017). Perceived social support predicts lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in older adults. Biological Psychology, 125, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.02.006
Jacobson, N. C., Lord, K. A., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Perceived emotional social support in bereaved spouses mediates the relationship between anxiety and depression. Journal of Affective Dissorders, 211, 83-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.011
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2015). LISREL 9.20 for windows. [Computer software].
Skokie, IL: Scientific. Khan, A., Hamdan, A., Ahmad, R., Mustaffa, M., & Mahalle, S. (2016). Problem-solving coping and social support as mediators of academic stress and suicidal ideation among malaysian and indian adolescents. Community Mental Health Journal, 52, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9937-6
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Koetsenruijter, J., van Lieshout, J., Lionis, C., Portillo, M. C., Vassilev, I., Todorova, E., Foss, C., Serrano-Gil, M., Ruud, I., Angelaki, A., Mujika, A., Roukova, P., Kennedy, A., Rogers, A., & Wensing, M. (2015). Social Support and Health in Diabetes Patients: An Observational Study in Six European Countries in an Era of Austerity. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0135079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135079
Laireiter, A. R. (2005). Skalen Soziale Unterstützung [Scales of social support]. Mödling: Schuhfried.
Lee, C. S., & Goldstein, S. E. (2016) Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood: Does the Source of Support Matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, 568-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0395-9
Leme, V. B. R. (2013). Adolescentes de famílias nucleares, monoparentais e recasadas: Relações entre práticas parentais, habilidades sociais, bem-estar psicológico e percepção de apoio social (Protocol No. 11/05321-4). São Paulo, SP: FAPESP. Unpublished Research Report.
Li, J., Han, X., Wang, W., Sun, G., & Cheng, Z. (2018). How social support influences university students' academic achievement and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of self-esteem. Learning and Individual Differences, 61, 120-126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.11.016
Lynch-Jordan, A. M., Sil, S., Bromberg, M., Ting, T. V., & Kashikar-Zuck, S. (2015). Cross-Sectional study of young adults diagnosed with juvenile fibromyalgia: Social Support and its impact on functioning and mood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.015
Manrique-Millones, D. L., Ghesquière, P., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2014). Evaluation of a parental scale in a Peruvian Context. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9744-z
Manrique-Millones, D., Millones-Rivalles, R., & Manrique-Pino, O. (2019). The SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress: Examination of its psychometric properties in a Peruvian sample. Ansiedad y Estrés, 25(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anyes.2019.03.001
Mattanah, J. F., Lopez, F. G., & Govern, J. M. (2011). The contributions of parental attachment bonds to college student development and adjustment: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 565-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024635
Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Application in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857
Nava, C. N., Bezies, R., & Vega, C. Z. (2015). Adaptación y validación de la escala de percepción de apoyo social de Vaux [Adaptation and Validation of the Scale of Perceived Social Support from Vaux]. Liberabit, 21(1), 49-58. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-48272015000100005
Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So, J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 721-727. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0521
Novoa, C., & Barra, E. (2015). Influencia del apoyo social percibido y los factores de personalidad en la satisfacción vital de estudiantes universitarios. Terapia Psicológica, 33(3), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-48082015000300007
Pendergast, L. L., von der Embse, N., Kilgus, S. P., & Eklund, K. R. (2017). Measurement equivalence: A non-technical primer on categorical multi-group confirmatory factor analysis in school psychology. Journal of School Psychology, 60, 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.11.002
Perera, H., & Digiacomo, M. (2015). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance during the university transition: An integrative model of mediation via social support, coping, and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 208-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.001
Razurel, Ch., Kaiser, B., Antonietti, J-P., Epiney, M., & Sellenet, C. (2017). Relationship between perceived perinatal stress and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and parental self-efficacy in primiparous mothers and the role of social support. Women and Health, 57(2), 154 -172. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2016.1157125
Rodríguez, S., & Enrique, H. (2007). Validación Argentina del Cuestionario MOS de Apoyo Social Percibido. Psicodebate, 7, 155-68. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v7i0.433
Schweizer, K. (2011). On the changing role of Cronbach’s alpha in the evaluation of the quality of a measure. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 143-144. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000069
Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS Social Support Survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha. Psychometrika,74, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
Smilkstein, G. (1978). The family APGAR: A proposal for a family function test and its uses by physicians. The Journal of Family Practice, 6(6), 1231- 1239. https://mdedge-files-live.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/files/s3fs-public/jfp-archived-issues/1978-volume_6-7/JFP_1978-06_v6_i6_the-family-apgar-a-proposal-for-a-family.pdf
Soman, S., Bhat, S. M., Latha, K. S., & Praharaj, S. K. (2016). Gender differences in perceived social support and stressful life events in depressed patients. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 26(1), 22-29.
Squassoni, C. E., & Matsukura, T. S. (2014). Adaptação transcultural da versão portuguesa do social support appraisals para o Brasil [Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Portuguese Version of Social Support Appraisals for Brazil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 27(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-79722014000100009
Stojanovic, G., Vasiljevic-Blagojevic, M., Stankovic, B., Terzic, N., Terzic-Markovic, D., & Stojanovic, D. (2018). Test anxiety in pre-exam period and success of nursing students. Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 19(2), 167-174.
https://doi.org/10.1515/SJECR-2017-0060
Studart, P. M., Bezerra, S. B., Studart, A. B. D., Galvão-de Almeida, A., & Miranda-Scippa, A. (2015). Social support and bipolar disorder. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 42(4), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000057
Terol, M. C., Lopez, S., Neipp, M. C., Rodríguez, J., Pastor, M. A., & Martin- Aragon, M. (2004). Apoyo social e instrumentos de evaluación: Revisión y clasificación [Social Support and instruments of assessments: Review and classification]. Anuario de Psicología, 35(1), 23-45. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=864595
Vaux, A., Phillips, J., Holly, L., Thomson, B., Williams, D., & Stewart, D. (1986) The Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) Scale: Studies of reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00911821
Wenli, L., Zhihua, L., Yu, L., & Taisheng, C. (2016). Core self-evaluations and coping styles as mediators between social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 35-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.044
Xin, Z., Chi, L., Geng, L., Zhao, X., & Wang, J. (2007). Revision and application of the Social Support Appraisal Scale. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 6, 379-381.
Yildirim, N., Karaca, A., Cangur, S., Acikgoz, F., & Akkus, D. (2017). The relationship between educational stress, stress coping, self-esteem, social support, and health status among nursing students in Turkey: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Education Today, 48, 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.014
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2021 Denisse Lisette Manrique Millones, Rosa Millones Rivalles, Sergio Dominguez Lara, Claudia Pineda Marín, Oscar Manrique Pino