Vol. 21 (2022), Artículos
Vol. 21 (2022)

School Factors Associated with Perpetrators and Victims of Direct and Indirect Bullying among Adolescents

Artículos
Publicado 2022-02-03
José Luís Antoñanzas
Universidad de Zaragoza
Ester Ayllón Negrillo
a:1:{s:5:"es_ES";s:15:"Universidad de ";}
Nieves Moyano
Universidad de Jaén
Jacobo Cano
Universidad de Zaragoza

Resumen

Las relaciones sociales de los adolescentes evolucionan rápidamente, y esa evolución no está exenta de dificultades y desafíos. Por tanto, es fundamental conocer qué factores influyen en las relaciones sociales para poder identificar aquellos factores que ponen en riesgo a los adolescentes y diseñar estrategias de prevención e intervención contra la violencia escolar. Este estudio evaluó a 5.028 estudiantes de educación secundaria de 12 a 16 años. Se realizó una correlación entre las variables edad, género, convivencia escolar y acoso directo / indirecto tanto del agresor como de la víctima. A su vez, se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para predecir el acoso directo y / o indirecto por parte del agresor y / o víctima. Los resultados revelaron la existencia de relaciones significativas entre esas variables. Discutimos estas relaciones y proporcionamos una propuesta de intervención para prevenir el comportamiento agresivo en las escuelas. Se pueden trazar varias líneas de investigación futuras.

HTML Full Text
PDF
XML

Álvarez-García, D., García, T., & Núñez, J. C. (2015). Predictors of School Bullying Perpetration in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.007

Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C. M., & Markos, A. (2016). Posibles correlatos comunes entre el acoso y el ciberacoso en adolescentes. Psicología Evolutiva, 22(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.01.003

Atik, G. & Güneri, O. Y. (2013). Bullying and Victimization: Predictive Role of Individual, Parental, and Academic Factors. School Psychology International, 34(6), 658-673. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0143034313479699.

Baldry, A. C. (2003). Bullying in Schools and Exposure to Domestic Violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(7), 713-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00114-5

Battistich, V., Schaps, E., & Wilson, N. (2004). Effects of An Elementary School Intervention on Students' “Connectedness” to School and Social Adjustment during Middle School. Journal Primary Prevention, 24(3), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPP.0000018048.38517.cd

Benítez Muñoz, J. L., Tomás De Almeida, A. M., & Justicia Justicia, F. (2007). La liga de alumnos amigos: Desarrollo de las habilidades sociales del alumnado para prestar apoyo socioemocional. Anales de psicología, 23(2), 185-192. https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/22461

Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2017). A Research Synthesis of the Associations between Socioeconomic Background, Inequality, School Climate, and Academic Achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425–469. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316669821

Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Melotti, G., Galli, S., & Genta, M. L. (2012). Predictors of Victimization across Direct Bullying, Indirect Bullying and Cyberbullying. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties, 17(3-4), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704684

British Educational Research Association [BERA]. (2011). Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research. https://www.bera.ac.uk/researchers-resources/publications/ethical-guidelines-for-educational-research-2011.

Carbone-Lopez, K., Esbensen, F. A., & Brick, B. T. (2010). Correlates and Consequences of Peer Victimization: Gender Differences in Direct and Indirect Forms of Bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(4), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204010362954

Carrillo, A. (2018). El acoso escolar como forma de violencia en la enseñanza secundaria, una visión legal del problema. Revista sobre la infancia y la adolescencia, 14, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.4995/reinad.2018.6780

Cava, M. J. (2011). Familia, profesorado e iguales: claves para el apoyo a las víctimas de acoso escolar. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2011v20n2a6

Cerezo-Ramírez, F. (2014). Soporte social en bullying. Análisis de la soledad de la víctima. Revista electrónica interuniversitaria de formación de profesorado, 17(1), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.6018/reifop.17.1.198881

Conde, S., Azaustre, M. C., & Méndez, J. C. (2017). Leadership: Its Importance in the Management of School Coexistence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.059

Connell, N. M., El Sayed, S., Reingle Gonzalez, J. M., & Schell-Busey, N. M. (2015). The Intersection of Perceptions and Experiences of Bullying by Race and Ethnicity among Middle School Students in the United States. Deviant Behavior, 36(10), 807-822. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2014.977159

Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of Bullying and Victimization in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 65–83

Díaz-Aguado, M. J., Martínez Arias, R., & Babarro, J. M. (2013). El acoso entre adolescentes en España. Prevalencia, papeles adoptados por todo el grupo y características a las que atribuyen la victimización. Revista de Educación, 362, 348-379. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-362-164

Díaz-Aguado, M. J., Martínez Arias, R., & Martín, J. (2010). Estudio estatal sobre la convivencia escolar en la educación secundaria obligatoria. Observatorio de Convivencia Escolar. . https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/estudio-estatal-sobre-la-convivencia-escolar-en-la-educacion-secundaria-obligatoria/educacion-secundaria-socializacion/13567

Dinkes, R., Cataldi, E. F., & Lin-Kelly, W. (2017). Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007. National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D. C. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/2008021a.pdf.

Espelage, D. L., Polanin, J. R., & Low, S. (2014). Teacher and Staff Perceptions of School Environment as Predictors of Student Aggression, Victimization, and Willingness to Intervene in Bullying Situations. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000072

Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M., & Farrington, D. P (2019). Evaluating the Effectiveness of School-Bullying Prevention Programs: An Updated Meta-Analytical Review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 111-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.001

Garaigordobil, M. (2015). Cyberbullying in Adolescents and Youth in the Basque Country: Changes with Age. Anales Psicología, 31(3), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.179151

García-Continente, X., Pérez Giménez, A., & Nebot Adell, M. (2010). Factores relacionados con el acoso escolar (bullying) en los adolescentes de Barcelona. Gaceta Sanitaria 24(2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.09.017

García-García, J., Ortega, E., De la Fuente, L., Zaldívar, F., & Gil-Fenoy, M. J. (2017). Systematic Review of the Prevalence of School Violence in Spain. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 125-129. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.052

Caballero Grande, M. J. (2010). Convivencia escolar. Un estudio sobre buenas prácticas. Revista de paz y conflictos, 3, 154-170. https://doi.org/10.30827/revpaz.v3i0.448

Grau, R., García-Raga, L., & López-Martín, R. (2017). The Challenge of Coexistence in Socially Vulnerable Schools. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 710-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.049

Herrera-López, M., Romera, E., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2017). Bullying y cyberbullying en Colombia; coocurrencia en adolescentes escolarizados. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(3), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.08.001

Inglés, C. J. (2009). Enseñanza de habilidades interpersonales en la adolescencia. Pehia Program, 3rd Ed. Pirámide.

Jia, M., & Mikami, A. Y. (2015). Peer Preference and Friendship Quantity in Children with Externalizing Behavior: Distinct Influences on Bully Status And Victim Status. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 957-969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9956-8

Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A Large-Scale Evaluation of the KiVa Antibullying Program: Grades 4-6. Child Development, 82(1), 311-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01557.x

Kljakovic, M. & Hunt, C. (2016). A Meta-Analysis of Predictors of Bullying and Victimisation in Adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.03.002

Kendrick, K., Jutengren, G., & Stattin, H. (2012). The Protective Role of Supportive Friends Against Bullying Perpetration and Victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1069-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.014

Låftman, S. B., Östberg, V., & Modin, B. (2017). School climate and exposure to bullying: A multilevel study. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(1), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2016.1253591

Li, L., & Zhu, J. (2020). Peer Victimization and Problematic Internet Game Use among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of School Engagement and Grit. Current Psychology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00718-z

Marini, Z. A., Dane, A. V., Bosacki, S. L., & Cura, Y. (2006). Direct and Indirect Bully‐Victims: Differential Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated with Adolescents Involved in Bullying and Victimization. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(6), 551-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20155

Menesini, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2017). Bullying in Schools: The State of Knowledge and Effective Interventions. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(sup1), 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1279740

Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying Prevalence across Contexts: A Meta-Analysis Measuring Cyber and Traditional Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55,(5), 602-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007

Montañés, M., Bartolomé, R., Parra, M., & Montañés, J. (2009). El problema del maltrato y el acoso entre iguales en las aulas. Ensayos, 24, 1-13.

Moyano, N., Ayllon, E., Antoñanzas, J. L., & Cano, J. (2019). Children’s Social Integration and Low Perception of Negative Relationships as Protectors Against Bullying and Cyberbullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 22(10), 643. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00643.

Mucherah, W., Finch, H., White, T., & Thomas, K. (2018). The Relationship of School Climate, Teacher Defending and Friends on Students’ Perceptions of Bullying in High School. Journal of Adolescence, 62(1), 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.11.012

Nocentini, A., De Luca, L., & Menesini, E. (2019). The Teacher’s Role in Preventing Bullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1830. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.0

Olthof, T., & Goossens, F. A. (2008). Bullying and The Need to Belong: Early Adolescents’ Bullying-Related Behavior and The Acceptance They Desire and Receive from Particular Classmates. Social Development, 17(1), 24-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00413.x

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10114

Pardo, A., Ruiz, M. A., & San Martín, R. (2014). Análisis de datos en ciencias sociales y de la salud I. Editorial Síntesis.

Parada, J. L. (2010). La educación familiar en la familia del pasado, presente y futuro. Educatio Siglo XXI, 28(1), 17-40. https://revistas.um.es/educatio/article/view/109711

Patton, D., Sung, J., Patel, S., & Kral, M. (2017). A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research on School Bullying and Victimization. Trauma Violence Abuse, 18(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015588502

Pepler, D., Jiang, D., Craig, W., & Connolly, J. (2008). Developmental Trajectories of Bullying and Associated Factors. Child Development, 79(2), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01128.x

Peris, M., Maganto, C., & Garaigordobil, M. (2018). Scale of Risk of Addiction to Social Networks and Internet for Adolescents: Reliability and Validity (ERA-RSI). Revista de Psicología. Clínica de Niños y Adolescentes, 5(2), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2018.05.2.4

Polo del Río, M. I., Mendo Lázaro, S., Fajardo Bullón, F., & León del Barco, B. (2017). Una intervención en aprendizaje cooperativo sobre el perfil del observador en la dinámica bullying. Universitas Psychologica, 16(1), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-1.iacp

Ramírez, D., Ferrás, L., & Varona. L. (2019). La convivencia escolar, un reto en la sociedad actual. Roca: Revista científico - educacional de la provincia de Granma, 15, 112-123. https://revistas.udg.co.cu/index.php/roca/article/view/661/1165

Rigby, K. (2020). How Teachers Deal with Cases of Bullying at School: What Victims Say. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health 17(7), 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072338

Roland, E., Bru, E., Midthassel, U. V., & Vaaland, G. S. (2010). The Zero Programme against Bullying: Effects of the Programme in the Context of the Norwegian Manifesto against Bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 13(1), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-009-9096-0

Shin, Y. (2010). Psychosocial and Friendship Characteristics of Bully/Victim Subgroups in Korean Primary School Children. School Psychology International, 31(4), 372–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034310377296

Sjursø, I. R., Fandrem, H., O’Higgins Norman, J., & Roland, E. (2019). Teacher Authority in Long-Lasting Cases of Bullying: A Qualitative Study from Norway and Ireland. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071163

Smith, K. Polenik, S., Nakasita, & Jones, A. P. (2012) Profiling Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties of Children Involved in Direct and Indirect Bullying Behaviours. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3-4), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704315

Suárez, E., Roldán, J. L., & Calvo-Mora, A. (2014). A Structural Analysis of the EFQM Model: An Assessment of The Mediating Role of Process Management. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(5), 862–885. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.776627

Toner, B. K. (2010). The Implementation of the Bully Prevention Program: Bully Proofing Your School and Its Effect on Bullying and School Climate on Sixth Grade Suburban Students. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Widener University.

Torroella, G. (2007). Aprender a vivir. Educación: una revista cubana que hace esencia al pensamiento, 121, 53-56.

Unesco. (2015). Rethinking Education. Towards a Global Common Good? Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232555

van der Ploeg, R., Steglich, C., & Veenstra, R. (2016). The Support Group Approach in the Dutch Kiva Anti-Bullying Programme: Effects on Victimisation, Defending and Well-Being at School. Educational Research, 58(3), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2016.1184949

Volk, A. A., Provenzano, D. A., Farrell, A. H., Dane, A. V., & Shulman, E. P. (2019). Personality and Bullying: Pathways to Adolescent Social Dominance. Current Psychology, 40, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00182-4

Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying." Journal of Adolescence Health, 41(6), S14-S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.018

Wong, C. Y., & Wang, L. (2015). Trajectories of Science and Technology and Their Co-Evolution in BRICS: Insights from Publication and Patent Analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 9(1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2014.11.006

Yang, J., Wang, X., & Lei, L. (2020). Perceived School Climate and Adolescents’ Bullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Peers’ Defending. Children and Youth Services Review, 109, 104716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104716

Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2019). Protective Factors against Bullying and Cyberbullying: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses. Aggression Violent Behaviour, 45, 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.008

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.

Derechos de autor 2023 José Luís Antoñanzas, Ester Ayllón Negrillo, Nieves Moyano, Jacobo Cano