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Abstract
Based on recent scientific-technical developments, referring to the transformation and biodegradation mechanisms of polymeric complexes, progress has been made both in the conceptualization of relevant definitions and in the development of technical standards that allow determining, in a more precise and reproducible way, the ratio of biodegradability of a determined material. From these advances, they have developed, furthermore, the so-called oxo-biodegradable plastics, which are traditional polymeric complexes where pro-oxidant additives are included in the polymeric structure that allow optimal abiotic transformation processes (photo/thermo oxidation) allowing the fragmentation of the material under suitable conditions for its, simultaneous or successive, biotic transformation (enzymatic oxidation). Although, currently, oxo-biodegradable plastics are widely used in different applications such as, for example, in agriculture and single-use plastics, until very recently a technical standard was developed that allows determining the relative degradation ratio of different types of plastics under abiotic and biotic conditions. This process implies that, for producers to be able to use specific terms of bio-degradation and oxo-biodegradation for advertising purposes that claim to offer an environmentally friendly product, the relevant entities must carry out metrological tests in light of the new definitions and technical standards. Furthermore, a large amount of specialized literature has been generated in which, in general, the bio-degradation ratio of oxo-biodegradable plastics is determined in very specific environments and conditions. In this review, a detailed analysis of the results of different scientific articles is made that allows us to conclude the conditions (UV radiation, temperature, exposure time, type of enzymes) and specific environments (soil, composting, waste, recycling, etc.) where can be stated which type of oxo-biodegradable plastics (LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, pro-oxidant additives) have an adequate rate of mineralization.
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