The aftermath of corona virus disease on antimicrobial resistance across low- and middle-income countries
Published
Jun 21, 2023
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical challenge to modern medicine. The number of resistance cases worldwide has been increasing exponentially, and it is estimated that by 2050, the AMR mortality rate will be ten times higher than it is today. The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compromised the research on AMR by deprioritizing proper monitoring of preventive measures and control programs, innovation and global health programs, and use antimicrobial stewardship (AS). With the current scenario of sporadic COVID-19 cases around the world, it is impossible to accurately evaluate the impact that the pandemic had on AMR and AS due to insufficient reports. However, it’s possible to speculate what the scenario will look like by surveying the escalation in unmethodical antimicrobial, the increase in secondary bacterial and fungal infections, and the extension in hospital stay and adverse medical exigency during the second wave when compared to the first wave. COVID-19 exposed the harsh reality that even countries with the best medical facilities struggled to meet national healthcare needs during a pandemic. In such circumstances, the clinical and scientific communities need to understand that available global medical amenities would
be insufficient to face an upcoming AMR pandemic. Therefore, international surveillance systems need to highlight the deficiencies in AMR containment and mitigation and develop strategies to address future challenges.
Keywords
antimicrobial resistance; corona virus disease; antimicrobial stewardship; antimicrobial usages; public health
References
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1239
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m606
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-021-00695-2
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.02.001
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.077
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4318
[31] Ray KN, Shi Z, Gidengil CA, et al. Antibiotic prescribing during pediatric direct-to-consumer telemedicine visits, Pediatrics, 143(5): e20182491, 2019.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2491
[32] Clancy C, Nguyen M. COVID-19, superinfections and antimicrobial development: What can we expect?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(10): 2736–2743, 2020.
doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2 Fcid%2Fciaa524
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[34] Sell TK, Hosangadi D, Trotochaud M. Misinformation and the US Ebola communication crisis: analyzing the veracity and content of social media messages related to a fear-inducing infectious disease outbreak, BMC Public Health, 20(1):550, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08697-3
[35] Islam MS, Sarkar T, Khan SH, et al. COVID-19-Related infodemic and its impact on public health: a global social media analysis, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine, 103: 1621–1629, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0812
[36] Glasziou PP, Sanders S, Hoffmann T. Waste in covid-19 research, BMJ, 369: 1847, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1847
[37] Wang Y, Hao H, Platt LS. Examining risk and crisis communications of government agencies and stakeholders during early-stages of COVID-19 on Twitter, Computers in Human Behaviours, 114: 106568, 2021.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106568
[38] Gonsalves G, Yamey G. Political interference in public health science during Covid-19, BMJ, 371:19–20, 2020.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3878
[39] Azad A. Antimicrobial crisis, DAWN.COM., 2020.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1578514
[40] Nori P, Cowman K, Chen V, et al. Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 42(1): 84–88, 2021.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.368
[41] Shehadeh M, Suaifan G, Darwish RM, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding antibiotics use and misuse among adults in the community of Jordan. A pilot study, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 20(2): 125–133, 2012.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2011.11.005
[42] Wang Z, Wang J, He J. Active and effective measures for the care of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 spread in China, JAMA Oncology, 6(5): 631–632, 2020.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.1198OECD
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https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264307599-en
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-020-00734-x
[45] Usman M, Farooq M, Hanna K. Environmental side effects of the injudicious use of antimicrobials in the era of COVID-19, Science of the Total Environment, 745: 141053, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141053
[46] Wilson LA, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Fafard P, et al. Lessons learned from COVID-19 for the post-antibiotic future, Global Health, 16: 94, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00623-x
[47] Canto NR, GijoÂn D, Ruiz-Garbajosa P. Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs: an update in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, Current Opinion in Critical Care, 26(5): 433–441, 2020.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000755OECD
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https://doi.org/10.1787/242e3c8c-en
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How to Cite
Dey, P., Parai, D., Hossain, S. T., & Mukherjee, S. K. (2023). The aftermath of corona virus disease on antimicrobial resistance across low- and middle-income countries. Universitas Scientiarum, 28(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.SC282.taoc
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Microbiology
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